Nhoroondo Orthodoxy. Nhanganyaya of patriarchate kuRussia

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha munhoroondo Orthodoxy aiva sumo iri patriarchate kuRussia. Kuwedzera uye kuchinja nekereke wokuRussia munyika yechiKristu zvakajeka zvikuru kwakaratidzwa kuguma XVI remakore. Ivhu akasika Ferrara-Florence mubatanidzwa, izvo akapedzisa ari Byzantine muchechi XV remakore pamwe Vatican, pashure izvo Russian yemo zvakavharwa vakazvimiririra vasanangurwa hierarch yaro yokutanga. Uyezve, muna 1453, ari Patriarchate weConstantinople aiva kuvimba zvakakwana pamusoro Turkish sultans. In ichi zvakanga zvisingaiti varege kuona guru nokutungamirira kwaMwari: Russia yakava chete akazvimirira Orthodox mamiriro.

Nhoroondo yebhuku racho patriarchate kuRussia

Pfungwa yacho chidzoke of Moscow Patriarchate ari akatibvunzisisa chokuita nokutangwa autocephaly yeRussian Church. Mushure Moscow archdiocese vakagamuchira yakazvimirira chinzvimbo kubva vaGiriki, yeOrthodox nyika yose aiziva chaizvo kukosha Roc sendarama simba uye dzakawanda.

Zvino kwete chete kuva neuchapupu pakunamata netsika Russia, asiwo mukusimbisa kutenda kuti miedzo yemberi dzakaoma ari Troubles. chechi Russian achasika imwe mweya simba uye vanhu simba, iyo vachaenda pakurwisana vanopinda nechisimba vavatorwa Catholic kurwisa.

Munhu wose vakanzwisisa kuti achanzi Chigaro chaBhishopi muMoscow muna pfupi. Panyaya iyi paiva nokusawirirana pamwe Patriarchate weConstantinople, izvo saka nokusagona Russia nokuda yezwi autocephalous chinzvimbo uye ndisingadi kubvuma izvozvo.

Zvisinei, pasina mvumo yemadzitateguru of Eastern Metropolitan anozvipira vakazivisa Russian tateguru kwaizova nhau zvisingagamuchirwi uye zvisiri pamutemo. In guru, mambo nyore kuti vadzvinyirire simba, asi kugadzwa patriarchate, pasina zvakanaka chisarudzo primatial madhipatimendi akanga shamisa.

Historical ezvinhu chete kunyange akasimba nezvainoita kwokubatsira ari patriarchate kuRussia paitonga Fedor Ivanovich (mwanakomana Ioanna Groznogo). Fedor akatonga (zvose zvikuru nguva yaaipedza mumunyengetero, kurerwa ake echiKristu havana kuda kuuya usakurirwe utsinye zviri muupenyu enyika, somugumisiro, zita rake somusande), uye Boris Godunov (munin'ina mukadzi wamambo Fedor Irina Godunov) aitonga.

Boris Godunov

Very murume chinzvimbo akanga Boris Godunov. Panguva iyoyo yaiva yokutungamirira huru, akasika chirongwa kuchinja Russian mamiriro, izvo zvaizoita kuwedzera simba rayo uye nomukurumbira. Zvinosuruvarisa ichi zvebhizimisi Godunov akanga hwaro yakasimba pakunamata, uye kakawanda mirairo yake vakaurayiwa pachishandiswa zvisingagamuchirwi mutsika (uye zvose akapomerwa kupondwa Tsarevich Dmitry, kunyange hapana zvakananga uchapupu). Uyezve, vanhu vokuRussia varombo zvikuru pakunamata uye mutsika pfungwa pashure oprichnina, uye saka akanga kure dzose chikuru zvirongwa vatongi vayo.

Asi Godunov aida kuona Russia somunhu simba guru uye akakwanisa kuunza nyaya Nokubvumira patriarchate kusvikira pakuguma.

kutanga

Chikamu chokutanga kurovedza yakatanga kushanya kuMoscow muna 1586, tateguru pamusoro muAndiyoki Joakim. Izvi achishingaira nehanya "Godunov" vamiriri. Asi asati kuti akashanyira kunze kuWestern Russia uye akaona yakakuwandira pakati Catholic Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, izvo akapotsa yakashatiswa upenyu Chechi Kyiv Metropolis (pamusoro avaida kuti Union of Brest). The regal Moscow, akaona ukuru wechokwadi uye kubwinya Third Rome. Patriarch Joachim akasangana rukudzo noruremekedzo rukuru, iye akasvika zvipo, sezvo dhipatimendi ake aiva chikwereti zviuru zvisere goridhe. Godunov akatora mukana nguva ino uye akatanga kushandisa urongwa hwake - pakatanga of patriarchate kuRussia.

Moscow Metropolitan Dhionisio

Pamusoro vasvike Joakim haana pachavo anozivikanwa Moscow Metropolitan Dhionisio. Ungangove, akanga ari cahoots pamwe Godunov uye vairidza kuitika. Patriarch akatumira nokufungidzira Cathedral of Moscow Kremlin. Pamberi pake zvose runako rwayo muna kwoumbozha nguo akaonekwa mukunamata Metropolitan Dhionisio, akanga maropafadzo Patriarch muAndiyoki wokutanga, asi pakarepo akatora mhosva. Zvipo-kutsvaka kwakazoratidzwazve ndiani primate chaiye Church kukuru.

Pano panodiwa Godunov, unotanga kuita muchivande akurukure Joachim, musoro iyo - pakatanga of patriarchate kuRussia. Musi chiitiko ichi chikuru akanga atova pedyo chaizvo. Joachim haana kugadzirira kukurukura ichi, asi akavimbisa akarangana Eastern madzitateguru. Moscow Panguva iyi zvave kugutsikana.

kurwisana

Shoko rokupedzisira chaiva Constantinople (Istanbul). Pane akakurukura zviitiko zvinoshamisa. Mumwe pashure mumwe kunowisira Mateteguru, temberi vakanga yakapamba nokuda vokuTurkey, zvose mari embezzled. Cash uye tsamba yacho Moscow dzinozvitonga kumwe akarasika.

Patriarch Konstantinopolskiy Ieremiya akatanga kudzorera tateguru itsva, asi mari nokuti zvaakaita. Uye akafunga kuita Joachim uye vakaendawo kuMoscow nechanza chakatambanudzwa noruoko. Zvisinei, haana kuziva pamusoro hurukuro pamusoro pakusikwa Moscow patriarchate kwokutanga. Uye zvose ndokutanga pamusoro zvakare: chete muchiitiko akanga taitamba, uyewo nowakautangira. Jeremiya kwerinenge gore asungwa imba mune kwoumbozha ezvinhu ari ibwe jena.

tateguru Jobho

Kazhinji, musangano uyu yenhamo kuchechi weRussia. Nokutambudzikira Patriarchate weConstantinople airidza zvakanaka nenzira pakatanga of Patriarchate kuRussia.

MuMoscow, panguva ino, uyewo Istanbul, paiva kuchinja. Godunov akabviswa Metropolitan Dhionisio muna 1587 maererano boyar nokumukira, vapanduki vakakumbira kurambana chevaux Fedor nomudzimai wake Irinoy Godunovoy nekuda mbereko.

Dhionisio akatora nzvimbo Rostov Archbishop Job, pakupedzisira January 23 (February 2), 1589, iye achava wokutanga Patriarch Hwose Russia. Kunyange munguva yedu, muna 1989, zita rake chichasimbiswa somusande.

Muna 1721 Peter I chakagumisa patriarchate: nayo ichadzorerwa chete muna 1917 panguva Local Council uye tateguru kuvasanangurwa St. Tikhon. Ipapo chichava zviomere Russian Church Bolshevik kumwedzi. Pakafa Tikhon kamwe ari Church haana kupedzwa. Chete muna 1943 zvakava zvichibvira, uye primate echechi yeRussian Orthodox akava Segiyo (Starogorodskiy). Patriarch Kirill vakava rechi16 bhishopi mumutsetse Russia.

Saka kanyatsosumwa of patriarchate kuRussia (gore 1589) rakaitirwa muzana remakore rechi16.