Ndekupi mapeji anowedzera, munyika ipi?

Zvichida, hapana munhu asingadi mazuva ano, machena machena, michero uye inonaka inoshamisa. Zvinosuruvarisa, simiti inopa michero iyi yakanaka haina kukura mumamiriro ekunze.

Muchikamu icho iwe unogona kudzidza muchidimbu nezvezvibereko izvi zvinoshamisa: maarimi anokura, maitiro uye mamiriro ekukura kwavo, nezvimwewo.

General ruzivo pamusoro pemarangi

Zita remiti yemiti yemiti iyi muti wemarangi (Citrus sinensis). Mhando iyi yemuti wemichero ndeyemhando yemuchero (mhuri ye rut, subfamily yemarangi).

Kubva pamazuva ekare, maarangi anokura mumutsika. Zvibereko zvayo zvinoonekwa seimwe yezvinofadza zvikuru uye inobatsira uye naizvozvo inozivikanwa munyika yose. Apo maarimi ari kukura, tinoona zviri pasi apa. Uye nyika yavo ndeye China.

Ichi chine chiedza chine chiedza, chiri kukura pavhu rakajeka uye isina kusununguka, isina nzvimbo yakasara.

Kureba kwemuti kune mamita gumi nemaviri, uye muvhareji kutarisira upenyu kune makore makumi manomwe.

Kupararira kunowanzomirirwa nekubatanidza, kudzvara uye mbeu.

Tsanangudzo

Tisati taziva kuti marangi ari kukura, ngationei kuti muti uyu unomirirei. Fomu yakadaro yakasanganiswa yakawanikwa munguva yekare nekuyambuka marudzi maviri e citrus - mandarin uye pomelo.

Muti pachawo unogara uine ruvara, une korona yakanyorova uye yakagadzirwa, pamashizha awo maduku uye pamatavi pachawo kune maringe nemhinzwa nemhinzwa mikuru. Kukura kwaro kwakananga kune zvakasiyana-siyana. Iyo yakareba pane inogona kusvika mamita gumi nemaviri, yakabatanidzwa pamadziro emadzimai emadziro - mamita matanhatu, uye mimwe midzimba yomukati inokura isingasviki mamita mamita maviri pakureba. Kunewo zviduku zviduku, zvine urefu hwemasentimita makumi mapfumbamwe, zvakasikwa kune nzvimbo.

Zvikamu zvekukura

Iko, uko maarimi achikura, unogona kuona zvinhu zvinoshamisa. Iyo midzi yemarangi inenge isingasviki uye ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofanirwa kutaridzirwa paunenge uchikura irimwa. Kusiyana nemimwe michero yemichero, midzi yemarangi haina midzi yevhu, iyo inokurudzira kunaka kwekunyorova kwemhepo uye mishonga. Pane kudaro, pamigumo yemidzi kune cheholchiki ine ivhu fungi, iripo pamwe chete nemiti.

Fungi inoshanduka kuva inogamuchirwa fomu mineral compounds (chinhu chikuru ndiyo phosphorus), iyo inofananidzwa nemiti, uye mukudzoka inogamuchira amino acids, makhahydrates uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha. Sangano revanhu vakawanda rinonzi mycorrhiza, iro rinoita kuti kuwedzerwa muzvibereko nekuda kwekuwedzerwa mukati memvura inotora midzi.

Panewo dambudziko rinobatanidzwa nechiitiko ichi. Simiti yakadaro inowanzoshungurudzwa nekuda kwekuti mycorrhizae haigone kumira kusisipo kwemvura uye haitomboregi kushorwa kwemidzi. Nokudaro, kune dzimwe nyika umo machero anowedzera, zvinokosha kuongorora chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Ichi ndicho chisikwa chekudiridza.

Ndekupi kuRussia kukura machero? Ko mamiriro emamiriro ekunze anotendera zuva kuti ribude munyika ino here? Uye zvakadaro vari kukura muAbkhazia uye Krasnodar Territory.

Zvibereko

Chimiro chakakomberedza chechibereko chemarangi chinonzi orange kana hesperidium. Iyo yakawanda-mbeu, yakawanda-yakavharidzirwa kana isina mbeu uye yakavhara mugadziro kune berry. Ganda iri rakasvibirira uye rakapfava kusvika kune masendimita masendimita mashanu, pamusoro pepamusoro, rinenge rakanaka kana kuti rakashata, rakafukidzwa nezest, uye rine ine mutsvuku wakachena (albedo) kubva pasi.

Nenzira yakawanda, ruvara rwemarandamu muhumu hunosvika ku 42% yehuwandu hwehutengo hwechibereko, uye ruvara rwayo runogona kubva kune ruvara rwemavara uye ruvara ruvara rwebhuruu-machena.

Kazhinji chibereko chacho chakanyanyisa uye chinoputika. Huri mukati maro unosanganisira matendere kana zvimedu zvakaparadzana kubva kune mumwe (kusvika kune zvikamu gumi nezviviri), izere nemasero akawanda uye makuru makuru emaspp ane tambvu inotapira, inovava-inonaka kana inovava-inova.

Mazhinji emarudzi eorineni ane mbeu tsvuku. Uyewo kune mhando dzisina mbeu dzebindu, michero yaro inoumbwa isina kuparadzanisa (parthenocarpic).

Ndekupi mapiroji anowedzera - munyika ipi yenyika?

Ita macrorus ((kusanganisira maarangi) munzvimbo dzakasvibirira uye dzinotyisa, umo kune nguva yechando uye yechando inopisa, iyo yakakosha pakukura kwemuti wakafanana. Asi munharaunda imwe neimwe vanosima marudzi avo emicrorus.

Maorivhi anowedzera munyika dzakawanda-kubva kuChina kusvika kuEurope. Miti yekutanga ndiyo yakadyarwa muChina, kubva kwavakatakurwa nengarava kumhenderekedzo yeEurope.

Kunezve nyika dziri kutungamira mukurima kwezvibereko izvi zvinonaka zvekunaka. Mafuta anonyanya kunakisa ezuva anowanikwa muTurkey, Egypt, Spain, India, US uye China. Iyo inowanzowanzoonekwa nevatengi vari pamashalofu.

Uye vanokura muGreece, Italy, Algeria, Portugal, Morocco, Africa, Japan, Australia, Brazil, nezvimwewo.

Mukupedzisa pamusoro pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana

Pakati pezvibereko zvemuchero kunewo maruva matsvuku. Vari kukurapi? Zvisikwa zvavo, zvechokwadi, ndezvokuti zvakatsvuka muvara.

Nyika yavo inonzi Sicily yakaitika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mamiriro emamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro ezvinhu aya akonzera kuchinja mumuchero wezvibereko zvearangi.

Maorivhi matsvuku akanaka pakuti ane mashoma mapfupa. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pavo ndeyeItaly orange rine zita rokuti "Taroque". Icho chiri panzvimbo yakasviba uye inotapira, asi kwete sedzakatsvuka sezvinoitwa "Spanish" sangvinello. Tarocco inoshandura kubva mumutauro weItaly se "unyengeri" (semugovera mumwechete akambowana michero yakadaro yakatsvuka).