National Park "Paanajarvi" yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia: tsananguro, wokukwezva vashanyi uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

, Compact akadzivirira nzvimbo chaizvo ukoshi pamwe nharaunda zvinoshamisa akanaka - a "Paanajarvi" National Park. Miganhu ake zvinenge zvinopindirana zvakakwana chete catchment kunharaunda Olang River, inoyerera kuburikidza mumapaki mbiri dzenyika - Karelian uye Finnish. A yakanakisisa chaiye, izvo runopoteredza nzvimbo paki "Paanajarvi" - chete zita pegungwa, uye zvose munzvimbo yose paki iri 104.473 hectares.

General maonero

Landscape pasina mukuru-maitiro, uye hazvibviri kunyora runako kwakadaro pano. Mountain nenhongonya vakaparadzana wakandibaya poromoka nemakoronga. A kuwanda madziva gomo, akasiyana-siyana wetlands, mhuka nzizi, kurovanya pamusoro yakakura Mangondo anoteura nemapopoma ruzha ... Park "Paanajarvi" riri siyana zvikuru. Dzinoburukira mujinga pamakomo uye mipata nzizi vakasimuka mhandara, hapana anetseka dondo, zvikurukuru spruce kwakanyanyisa. Asi kana aunokwira kuti kureba kupfuura hafu kiromita, sango thins panze, uye akadya yaiteverwa birches. More pamusoro vakadya kunyangarika, Birch miti kururama nemhepo uye pakupedzisira kupa nzira achinaya mvura zvinomera.

Deep nyanza wakakomberedzwa makomo, saka akafanana Fjord saka chakanaka kuti kunyange akakurumbira paka "Paanajarvi" rine zita rake. Pano hwokumusoro kumhenderekedzo munyika zvakakwana kudziyirwa, uye saka akagadzirisa nevanhu kubvira panguva yakare. Ivhu rakaorera chaizvo, okunze akanaka, mvura akapfuma hove, uye mumasango - mutambo. Zvirokwazvo paradhiso, iyo kutanga vawana yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, uye mugore rechigumi nemasere remakore, ivo yaisunda Finns. Vose vakararama maererano zvakasikwa, uye vaisagona kuva zvimwe ari yakakomborerwa panzvimbo yakadaro.

paki

Paanajarvi (yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia) - dzakasiyana dzinongoitika nyanza, uye hapana zvishoma rakasiyana rwizi runoyerera pano Olang. nzvimbo dzakadai panyika iri zvishomanana, uye naizvozvo zvakafanira kushandisa ose padiki nesayenzi, dzidzo, kuzvivaraidza zvinangwa, zvakatipoteredza. zvakanga zvisingaiti kuita pasina nokuumba National Park. Zvichida kunyange uchengete ichi wechisikigo upfumi vaisapemberera kubudirira. Zvino, kubvira pakutanga nguva zvisikwa Nat. Park "Paanajarvi", akapa nharaunda yose nedzidziso kudzivirira aripo zvipenyu. Uye ichi kunoda mari dzose.

Ramba zvepanyama netsika nhaka, oddly zvakakwana, zvinobatsira ushanyi. Park "Paanajarvi" mitengo haazorambi kudza kumatenga, asi upfumi munzvimbo hakusi chete kwete kuderera, asiwo anovandudza wakakodzera pfungwa zvekutepfenyura ichi. Kukura ushanyi vari kugadzirisa zvinetso akawanda: Cognized akadzivirira mhuka, iyo vanofarira Russian asiwo dzimwe vashanyi kwete chete. Manual paka anotsigira mutemo kuti kwete chete chinokwezva yakawanda vashanyi, asi inopa mashoko chaizvo uye zvemafaro kugara, pasina anokonzera zvishoma kukuvadza mararamiro.

nyaya

Sepakutanga zvose mudziva pamahombekombe vakanga chaizvo dzine vanhu vakawanda, pakusikwa kuchengeterwa zvakanga zvisingaiti. Kana aronga Oulanksky National Park, nzvimbo iyi iri nemiganhu yayo haana kuiswawo. muna 1926 chete yakanga yakagadzirwa Professor Linkola chirongwa buffer wongoramba. Hurumende Finland akaongororwa uye anotenderwa nekubatwa mutemo pachishandiswa iyo paki nenyika chete kumavirazuva musha Paanajarvi akasikwa. Mugwagwa akanga pano chete - kubva zasi, zvakanzi yakavakwa muna 1906 kubva Vuotunki. Zvakanga yakamanikana uye kusagadzikana, wakafanira chete nokuda kwemutemo zvingoro.

Pakazosvika makore maviri kuti riwedzere, vakatanga kumhanya motokari nokushingaira, uye saka upfumi basa yekudyidzana tawanazve simba. In Paanajarvi akazarura zvitoro, zvipatara uye kunyange akaundi bazi. Munguva thirties aikosha repartition akaramba ari Paanajarvi kare pachake, mune zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu mapurazi. Uye muna 1934, pano rakasvika rwechipiri mugwagwa - kubva kuchamhembe, uye pamwe chete nacho, uye kuburikidza nzira nokuda vashanyi, yainzi "Bear kuti Corner". Zvino paiva hondo, uye kukurukurirana zvose pamwe Paanajarvi wakaputsika. Saka rainzi kufamba kutevera muna National Park Oulankskom.

borderlands

Paanajarvi isati hondo, musha raiva rakabudirira chaizvo, akaisvonaka muna Kuusamo vemunharaunda, nokuti tourist rwendo, kugamuchira vaenzi vanopfuura chiuru chimwe chete mwaka. Uyezve, pane anenge nguva dzose paiva masayendisiti zvakasikwa, kutsvaka zvisingawanzoitiki miti iri kumuganhu wokumavirira pamusoro taiga. Pano relict kasvisto, dzimwe nzvimbo Finland, mhando dzakawanda hatisi.

Pakapera hondo muna Finnish uye runyararo chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa, muganhu anomhanya mhiri dzimwe ndima kure kumabvazuva, saka ikozvino chinyakare dzaishandiswa ukama akambomiswa. The musha wakaparadzwa zvachose nehondo, zvose zvivako vakapisa. Izvi vakaropafadzwa nzvimbo vashanyi vava dzisingambosvikiki hafu remakore - varindi chete akararama pano. Uye nokuti Finns uye Karels Paanajarvi lake zvino ave dzisingambosvikiki, nekuti muganhu ubvise yakanga yakafara chaizvo uye zvakasimba kurindwa.

kugadzirisa

Mukupera eighties, nharaunda iyi vakava zvakare kukurukurwa, sezvo akanga aronga pana Lake gidroakkumulyativnaya simba, uye pamusoro-soro pagomo yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia Nuorunen - the pakati. Mazita maviri aya nguva dzose vachinzwa mapurogiramu eterevhizheni, mamiriro navo akafukidza mumapeji mapepanhau akawanda uye magazini. Nuorunen Paanajarvi uye nokukurumidza anova chiratidzo yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, iyo inodiwa kwavo kudzivirira nokuda yakasiyana zviri munharaunda.

Mhiri muganhu, zvakare, akaridza zvakasiyana-siyana vaitaura kuti kuchengetedza pakona ichi zvinongoramba. Kupikiswa basa pakutanga - loggers, akanga akasimba chaizvo. Asi masimba zvezvakatipoteredza yakahwina, uye muna May 1992 hurumende yeRussia akasaina runoenzanirana chirevo pamusoro pakagadzwa munhu National Park ane nzvimbo kanokwana yakakura kupfuura Oulanksky. Saka paiva paki "Paanajarvi", wongororo izvo vashanyi siya zvikuru nechido. Memories sezvo vari kuti upenyu.

Climate

Okunze pano riri kuonekwa kwazvo, asi ichi rinoshanda chete kune nzvimbo Oulanka-Paanajarvi. Pane nguva dzose gumi inosiyana avhareji tembiricha - zvose yechando uye muzhizha, ukuwo, pamwe kubvisa uye ndinoiitawo zviratidzo. Paavhareji tembiricha pagore saka - vanenge razero. Kana kwete nokuti Gulf Stream, paizova zvakafanana kuSiberia, apo nguva dzose makumi mana madhigirii - zvose yechando uye chirimo. Yeuka kuti mamiriro enzvimbo twi, uye - zvikuru, asi nokuti ezvinhu Micro-okunze zvakasiyana mumwe, uye kazhinji - zvinoshamisa.

Mumupata Oulanka inodziya chirimo zuva rinopisa kumaodzanyemba mawere zvakasimba, achipa upenyu zvirimwa haawaniki latitudes izvi. Sezvingatarisirwa, makadzika dzemipata, apo pane kudzivirirwa mhepo, inodziya zvikuru kupfuura pezvikomo. The crevices Vanogara nyorova uye muchitonhorera, kukura pano chete kuchamhembe miti yakawanda. Asi chando kutonhora zvikuru mumipata, nekuti ndipo mhepo inotonhora runoyerera pasi kubva kumakomo.

vakadya Where

Spruce kwemakore zviuru zvitanhatu, izvozvo chitonge mipata nzizi yemo, uye ndipo akaumba ano kusiyana zvoutachiona yacho. Kutonga nezvinooneka Latitude uye mamiriro okunze, runowanzoitika kuchamhembe circumpolar taiga derevoobrazuyuschaya zvinomera munzvimbo iyi zvikuru shoma: kune spruce chete, Birch uye nemifiri. Zvisinei, apo ivhu dzakapfuma uye dzakatenuka vanodzivirirwa chilli mhepo, zvikuru yakawanda aspens. Chii rakajeka dzvuku gwapa pakati tsono Conifer anogona kuonekwa pano kuwa!

In nenzizi nehova nokushambidza matavi awo the willow; Kazhinji uye alder, asi zvikuru rakapetana. Vazhinji gomo dota uye yomurara ari anezvimiti, izvo tinogona kugumisa pamusoro kupfuma kwakaita yomunharaunda ivhu. Inenge zvose nzizi nehova yakashongedzwa Cherry, vakazadzwa chiedza uye munhuwi kwavari rose kureba. A dzakatenuka gomo anoratidza yakaoma wehunyambiri zonation nemasango pechifukidziro. miti yakawanda pamwe pemahombekombe kwegungwa uye murwizi - kunyanya Conifers - makore anopfuura mana, uye pane zviitiko apo uye mazana matanhatu.

exclusiveness

Eka prodigy - vanoondoroka, spruce, Birch, alder! Chii saka nezvaiita? All chikamu chedu wechitanhatu venyika wakafukidzwa miti iyi. Uye, zvakadaro, ichi dzinongoitika zvakaoma kunoshamisa uye ane pose kukosha ukoshi. Pano zvichengetedzwe mhando dzakawanda chaizvo uye chirimwa uye mhuka upenyu, iyo akanyangarika zvachose pashure kutema kumwe. Botanists kwemakore anopfuura zana nemakore, chaizvoizvo kurarama munzvimbo idzi, nekuti nomusi jeka mawere pane miti kumaodzanyemba latitudes, uye mumvuri - relict Arctic.

Pano, chete yakawanda botanical rarities. Chete zvirimwa vascular mune National Park kwakaratidza anopfuura mazana matanhatu marudzi, uye vanopfuura makumi kwavo chero kumatunhu yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia haana kuwanikwa. Pane yakawanda wokumaodzanyemba kwemarudzi (ruva mumupata, mastrawberry, somuenzaniso), kuwedzera parutivi rwokumusoro. Uyewo yakawanda vashanyi kubva kumabvazuva micheto - Siberian asteri, honeysuckle uye dzimwe reBaltic uye dzokuMadokero haisi zvachose zvishoma. Vanopfuura makumi manomwe marudzi zvinomera zviri nevakawanda akura pano, akarongwa sezvo panjodzi.

fauna of

Uye paka akapfuma nemhuka "Paanajarvi". Reviews zvinoratidza zvakawanda akasangana pano vamiririri taiga mapazi; vakasvika mhiri kwete chete yokuSpain, Stony uye mabheya, asi wolverine, uye ermine. Masayendisiti kumanikidza yakareba pasi: mhumhi, Martens, makava, hares, squirrels, mink, weasels, otters uye hwakawanda mhando nemakonzo. Munenge poro, zvakare, vanoti uye kunyora, kunyange zvazvo zvakapararira chete pedyo nomuganhu Finnish. Mink, muskrat, Beaver vagare arctic polar gava uye lemming. mhando anopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu shiri dendere munharaunda iyi - vose kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe. Pano kugadzirisa vanonyanyova rudzi: whooper nejichidza, wachena kondo, uye vamwe vakawanda. Pane zvikara zviri Red - negora, gondo chena-tailed, chinyamudzura, uye pfuurei gumi mhando isingawanzowanikwi uye pangozi shiri ndazvitsaurira nzvimbo iyi.

Uye reservoirs nemamwe pano. The Makungwa nenzizi pamusoro paka "Paanajarvi" mhenyu uye Salmonidae uye whitefish, uyewo kwakajairika burbot, Pike, knot uye roach. Chinhu chikuru - zvose akawanda. reservoirs All munharaunda yakadzika kwazvo, pamwe chitubu mvura yakachena. Kubva imwe vari voga dzakakwirira nemapopoma. Of relict hove tsvina mupenyu pano, uye makwapa goby uye minnow muri yakanaka kudya kwaibva hove zvinokosha. Mambokadzi zvose - Rainbow, corrodes pano kuti uremu makirogiramu anopfuura gumi. Hezvinoi anokosha mukombe vashanyi kuti paki! Avo rombo zvakakwana, iva nechokwadi kunyora kudzokorora pamusoro 'Paanajarvi "National Park. A rombo, kutonga nezvinooneka wongororo, vakawanda!

Kudzokera ikoko

Nokuti vaya vanoda kushanyira "Paanajarvi" National Park, iri neshamwari dziri chaidzo. The musha uri Pyaozersky mushanyi centre iri Louhi mudunhu yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Mumusha pachayo unogona kuuya kubva kumavirira, kumaodzanyemba nokumabvazuva pamusoro tsvina mugwagwa (anenge makumi matanhatu kilometers). Kubva St. Petersburg, Moscow, Petrozavodsk uye St. Petersburg achatungamirira muhwezva - Murmansk. Unogona kuuya nechitima kuti chezvitima Louhi, ipapo - nebhazi kumusha Pyaozersky.