Imelda Marcos: Biography uye pikicha

Mwarikadzi wokururamisira Themis akasarudza ufananidzirepo pamwe bhandeji meso ake, asi kana iye ane kuti munzira multi-bhiriyoni dhora embezzlement, iye kazhinji zvinobatana zvakawanda uye ruoko. chokwadi ichi pamwechete Kupenya nekusimba Imelda Romualdez Marcos ─ chirikadzi mukupera mutongi kuPhilippines. Iye nomurume mushakabvu murume Ferdinand vakapomerwa misappropriating kanenge $ 10 bhiriyoni, ugororo, kubiridzira uye kubhadhara mitero. Maererano US mutemo, izvo dzakaita kunzwa, Imelda vaityisidzirwa makore 50 ari mujeri, asi ari mudare iye akava mhosva pane zvinhu zvose.

mwanasikana ndararama wababa

Kare tisati ari pachigaro nechisimba muna 1986 Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos wake yaigarwa anoverengeka inokosha hurumende mbiru, dzakamanikidzwa kutiza nyika pasi kurambidzwa wakauya pamusoro bhuku rakanyorwa wenhau Carmen Pedroza - "The kusingatauriki Nyaya Imelda Marcos" .

Munyori chose nokusaziva akabata nehanya nyaya, zvinoti pauduku, inova mukadzi wenyika yakaitirwa imba nevabereki vake, vanhu, kunyange murombo, asi kazhinji pave nenguva dzakawanda makuhwa. Pasinei chokwadi kuti baba Vicente Orestes zvaiva mhuri yesimba dzokuPhilippines ane nhengo Akarumbidza zvinzvimbo muvanhu, ainakidzwa mukurumbira wakaipa kwazvo somunhu inveterate chidhakwa uye spender. Iri raiva mudzimai wokutanga haana kutendera munhu kuyeuka.

Pakafa mudzimai wake wokutanga vasingagoni kumira dzose zvinonyadzisa nokunyadziswa, baba ndokukurumidza kuroorwa vachiri musikana muduku kwazvo gumi nezvitanhatu, akava amai vevana vashanu, mukuru kwakazvarwa Imelda Marcos, akaberekwa July 2, 1929. Pataikura, iye kazhinji akarara mugaraji kuti nditizire ikoko kubva outrages kuti dzakadururirwa pamba. Pamapeji aya, achiri muduku akarara taboos.

Kunaka Philippines rokutanga

Fate kwave nyasha chaizvo kwaari, norupo paizvozvo runako, tarenda navarongo, uchenjeri uye, Chikurukuru, zvechokwadi simbi kusimba. Zvose izvi unhu vakabvumira kasikana kuva pakupedzisira yezvechitendero, akarova pfungwa vakararama panguva yake zvakapfumisa ake, panobva mhosva iyo chete akaupa pamberi mafeni imwe chilli.

Mother Imelda, uyewo mudzimai wababa vake ndararama wokutanga zvapfuura mangwanani, asi ndinoonga kuti kutarisirwa mwanasikana achiri vakakwanisa kupedza kukoreji muguta Tacloban, uye tsvimborume kuti dhigirii. Kubudirira kwechokwadi Imelda uye kutanga kwakajeka basa akanga achiteverwa pamusoro waya muna 1948 mumakwikwi apo iye akahwina rokuti "Miss Philippines".

Kubvira panguva iyoyo, nyasha jaya runako vakatsvaka vakawanda vakakurumbira enyika uye vanamuzvinabhizimisi, asi iye aiziva mutengo wake uye, somunhu mutambi wechokwadi, aitawo kuti refu saka ake kwehwamanda kadhi ─ umhandara, izvo zviri Catholic Manila aikoshesa kupfuura zvimwe zvose. Akazadzwa zvikuru incredible chinzvimbo, Imelda akanga achimirira munhu kuita hakusi mueni uye hositesi nakisisa upfumi rugare uye zvoumbozha. Uye akanga achida.

yemberi dhikiteta

House hama dzake muna Manila dzinowanzoendwa vatungamiri nationalist webato, zvichiita, chokwadi, uye tsvimbo yake. Kutaurirana navo, Imelda akadzidza kufamba nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana muupenyu enyika munyika. Muna 1954, panguva imwe kurongwa misangano iwayo, akasangana nomurume ramangwana murume ─ nhengo House of Philippine Congress, Ferdinandom Markosom, uyo nokukurumidza zvakamuita mukana. Saka jaya runako pakuzivikanwa se Imelda Marcos.

sarudzo yake yakanga zvinoshamisa chaizvo munhu, saka zvinokosha achitarisa zvizere. Akaberekwa muna 1917 mune rimwe gweta mhuri, tsika mutaundi duku, riri makiromita 400 kubva Manila, Ferdinand akapedza kudzidza kukoreji, uye, kutevera tsoka baba vake, akava gweta.

Zvisinei, gweta yake kokutanga tarenda raakaratidza kupfuura sechisina musoro saizvozvo. Chokwadi ndechokuti muna 1939, Marcos pamberi ose bara nepfuti enyika nemuvengi wababa vake, nokuti icho akatongerwa kwehupenyu. Zvisinei, akadzokorora muitiro akaedza kuzvidzivirira, uye saka deftly akatungamira ngaakuitirei, akanga mhosva. Izvi pakarepo vakauya kwaari rakakura vatengi.

MuHondo Yenyika II, gweta muduku akarwa vokuJapan panhengo emagandanga weuto, asi panguva imwe chete, maererano zvakaona, iye akakwanisa kutsausa chikuru kubiridzira ari pamusika dema. Military kare uye vakawanda mibayiro, nokuti iyo, sezvinei, haana kuva akakodzera magwaro shoma akabvumira Ferdinand kuti enyika post-hondo basa uye akava gotwe Congressman munyika.

Muna 1965 - somugumisiro mukuru sarudzo - akava purezidhendi rechi10 kuPhilippines. kukunda ndicho mudzvanyiriri ramangwana, akanga vakapamba mumakore kwake, mugove National upfumi munyika cheshumba, vakakunda, oddly zvakakwana, pasi pomureza pakati pakurwisa uori, iyo akazotsiviwa ake zvaibatanidzwa. Zvisinei, mienzaniso iyi - hazvishamisi munhoroondo yenyika.

Kwokukunda ndege Iron Bhatafurayi

Imelda Marcos, vane mufananidzo dzakasiyana nguva upenyu anopiwa munyaya, uye murume wake, Ferdinand asingagoni nani unoenderana mumwe. Bhizimisi rake acumen uye muchaungudza nouori pakusarudzwa achishandisa zvakakwana anotsigira kunaka uye runako wake. Kubatana uku kwakaita mbiri - Ferdinand Marcos wake - reuna kubva vakwikwidzi, achikwira kumusoro enyika uye zvemari Olympus.

Munguva yake-gore makumi maviri rekutonga Imelda wakaitwa wandei inokosha nzvimbo. Zvikurukuru, yave naGavhuna kweManila, Minister, nhengo yeParamende, uye, mukuwedzera, pamwe chinzvimbo Ambassador hunoshamisa uye Plenipotentiary anozadzisa unokosha nedzenyu mabasa. Muna 1975, Amai Marcos vakashanya Soviet Union uye rakagamuchirwa muna Kremlin, L. I. Brezhnevym. Nokuti runako, kubatanidza pamwe simba zvinoshamisa akashinga, Imelda Marcos akagamuchira dzakakurumbira pakunzi "Iron Butterfly".

The mari yakagamuchirwa vawanani, zvakanga zviduku, asi zvisinei vaigara kunoshamisa hwokusanyara, kushandura mamiriyoni emadhora dzinounzwa sezvo chinobatsira vanhu muPhilippines, kuti munhu bhengi nyaya muSwitzerland uye Roma. Dzakawanda zvemari yomuchipatara akavatenga Real Estate mu Europe uye America, kuita kunze kazhinji nechemberi vanhu.

Udzvinyiriri uto pachinzvimbo hweruzhinji

Kana pakutanga ushe rechi10 President kuPhilippines inogona inozivikanwa se nguva democratic rusununguko munyika, pamwe nguva dzose makaro yaiva mhaka nokuchinja mudzimba mutemo umo pamwero mukuru embezzlement zvakaitwa naye uye wake Imelda Marcos, aigona kuva pasi kuvhura kutsoropodzwa uye nemafungiro aya nokuzivisa akazvitanga.

Akatevera vemutungamiri sarudzo muna 1969, akakunda, vasinganyari Kutenga kutyisidzira, pfumbamuromo uye kubiridzira ari kuverenga mavhoti, uye pakupedzisira akavigwa gutsaruzhinji muna 3 years, nokupinda muchiuto udzvinyiriri munyika. Wevakadzidza chiitiko ichi kwaiva kurwisa rimwe vakuru vakuru Marcos, izvo, maererano venhau vakawanda, zvakanga zvakafanana uye kufanorongwa.

Martial mutemo wakadzikwa munyika, achiperekedzwa hombe udzvanyiriri navose akamboda kusimudza inzwi kunyunyuta. In mujeri pasina kutongwa vakakandwa zviuru kupikiswa-pfungwa vomuPhilippines, zvizhinji izvo vakanyura zvachose kupinda pevhu ari ropa mudzvinyiriri.

The zvaibiwa kwakaenderera yavowo nyika

In zvinofambirana chete tightening kwehurumende munyika catastrophically anowira kurarama nezvinodiwa vemo. Izvi imhaka yokuti National upfumi, uyewo multi-miriyoni dhora mari dzinounzwa vomunyika dzakawanda uye kupfuura America zvose kusimudza Philippine upfumi, noutsinye vakapambwa vakaroorana Marcos, uyewo ane makaro remidzanga hama dzavo uye retainers, nokuti mumwe nomumwe paiva nzvimbo paruzhinji wamarudzi.

Hapana chinhu anokwanisa vanokanganisa vanhu sezvo simba neMhedziso. chokwadi ichi refu zvinozova zvakajairika, iri zvisinei dzakawanda chisimbiso. Panyaya iyi, mukuru muenzaniso anogona pacharo kushumira Imelda Marcos. Kuwedzera bhajeti, munzira dzakasiyana-siyana inowira wake akaundi, akatambira mari yakakura kubva matatu pachake vanotungamirirwa kwayo pamusoro ruzhinji makambani kuti vatarisire sezvo yavo pfuma.

Kwenguva refu guru mari "dema mari" mumapepa uye aivigirwa kubva munyika. Ndeyokuti kuba nezvenguva zvingaratidza inonakidza chokwadi zvakatangwa vaongorori pashure pokuwa udzvinyiriri. Kamwe Imelda Marcos akatuma Geneva nebhengi masutukezi zhinji kudaro nemari, kuti kwakauya teregiramu aine chikumbiro kuti kwenguva pfupi kugara, sezvo mudonzvo haagoni kurarama kugadzira zvipo.

"Little simba" Mai Marcos

izvi zvose akabvumira Iron shavishavi vanogara nakisisa hwokusanyara. Kuwedzera muumbozha dzokugara kuPhilippines uye yakanga yakawanda anodhura zvivako munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika. Kunyange zvinozivikanwa kuti akanga ari mumwe danho kubva kutenga yakakurumbira New York Empire State Building ─ World Trade Center, iri pachitsuwa Manhattan. Akaramba kubata, kunzwa kumwe kuti chivako iri pretentious wayo mapurani.

Akava ngano mukuru kunotenga, ronga Imelda panguva yake nzendo kunze. In maoko vaongorori vacho gwaro muna 1970, maererano izvo chete zuva rimwe vakapedza kuGeneva, Iron Butterfly akakwanisa kupedza makirogiramu mamiriyoni 9. Kwapera mwedzi, kushanyira New York, akatumirwa musha kutenga, kwangopera wakafanira matatu huru mugungwa midziyo.

Zvikurukuru chaikoshawo ndivo zvishongo Imelda Marcos. Kwavari aiva chido nevaitenga husingagumi akawanda. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti, mukuwedzera kune zvishongo zvegoridhe pamwe nengoda uye mamwe matombo anokosha, ari mumaoko vaongorori vakanga maparera dzakawanda pamusoro soro mamakisi kuti vaigona kuzadza imwe nzvimbo 38 mativi mamita.

Kufanana mukadzi upi, shamwari yacho Philippine mudzvinyiriri akada mbatya dzakanaka. Asi iye akatora chido ichi zvikuru hypertrophic chimiro. Shumo simbi shangu Imelda Marcos, uyo pashure kwake kutiza kubva kunyika 360 nomwe kwakawanikwa. Kuwedzera zvokupfeka National, izvo zvakaitwa ari oga, kushumira chete wake Studio, 160 madhirezi kubva achitungamirira fashoni vagadziri kwakawanikwa mukati kupfeka mumakamuri huru dzokugara. Zvinozivikanwa kuti havana nguva dzose vakauya chaiwo Flights ose vendege.

Kwenguva yakareba zvave kuzivikanwa kuti yokuisira pakati asingaverengeki upfumi kwakadaro, vanowanzotevedzera kurashikirwa pfungwa kukosha chaiko zvinhu zvavanazvo. Uchapupu ichi kunogona kuva uchapupu rokutengesa mumiriri, aiva nebasa kuita uwandu chepfuma kusiiwa mudzimai pachigaro mudzvinyiriri pashure yokutiza kwake kubva munyika.

Mishumo ake, anonyora pamusoro sekristaro anokosha, zvimedu zvakanga pakati madota choto, anoshamisa nemanyoro XII remakore, tucked pasi hwemvura bhaira yakawanikwa. Antique girazi, yakawanikwa panguva okisheni muParis uye kamwe ndekwaMwari Louis XIV, yakanga pokuva uchaputswa pakati peimba. Semirwi youpfu mubhedha mucheka, akanga ashanda pakati rese embroiderers, ora muwadhiropu akafukidza chakuvhuvhu. A muunganidzwa huru shangu Imelda Marcos pylilos mune chinhu dzezvimwe wenguo.

Pokuwa mudzvanyiriri

Zvichakadai, mamiriro ezvinhu munyika iri zvishoma nezvishoma neshungu. Urombo nzvimbo huru chikamu vagari varo zvakaita kukura mumwe gore rufu nenzara uye nezvirwere. Vakuru havana kuita, rokutarisira chete sei kuvanza mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo munyika munharaunda.

Social kuputika kwakaitika muna 1983. Akashanda somutariri detonator nokuda nokuuraya vadzoka vachibva kwavakanga vatapwa, enyika anokumhan'arira pamusoro Marcos Sen. Flughafen Aquino. Pasinei mashoko nezviremera kuti akuvara aiva muKomonisiti mumiririri wakasimwa, havana kumbobvira vakatenda, uye chirikadzi mukupera Korason Akino, kushandisa kukura Kusagutsikana munyika, akakwanisa kutanga zvemauto akabvuta chigaro.

Uye iye, wakati ari Washington, akakurudzira US hurumende kuti akabviswa mudzvinyiriri ainyanya nouori uye urombo munhu. Somugumisiro, mashoko First Lady kuPhilippines Imelda Marcos nemurume wake vakamanikidzwa kutiza kubva kunyika, yavakanga mumakore 20 apfuura akanga sechinhu ake pachake fiefdom.

Kunyadziswa pamusoro American kururamisira

Zvino shure pamusoro nyaya uye edza kuziva chii chaitadzisa American Themis kuranga mhuri zavorovavsheesya. Chokutanga, mudzvinyiriri pachake haana kurarama kuona kutanga kwacho, uye akafa September 28, 1989 kuti chirwere cheitsvo, saka kuti mhinduro aifanira kuramba mumwe chete Imelda Marcos.

Nhoroondo iri kwasviba. Rinoziviswa kuti mhosva dzose naye vakakundikana nokuda kuramba pamahombekombe Swiss kupa Vachuchisi ruzivo pamusoro nyaya dzarwo. Zvakafanana categorical Mhinduro vakatumira uye zvitsva Hurumende kuPhilippines, razova musoro Korason Akino wechirikadzi anourayiwa Seneta ─. Imelda Marcos kuutapwa 80 kupomerwa chokuita siyana zveupfumi mhosva dzakamhan'arwa, asi hapana kwakaguma kutendiswa.

Chikonzero icho nehofisi yevachuchisi nekukurumidza kudaro ichidzokera yavo zhinji dzakasiyana zvekungofungira kupomerwa. Asi, zvakadaro, Imelda Marcos (mufananidzo pazasi) ari yokusaremekedza wakatarisa pasi pamusoro vatongi ake, mhosva nokuda kwokushayiwa uchapupu ose mazuva kwacho. Raakabva mudare, wakapetwa minwe yake kukunda chiratidzo "Victoria" (mufananidzo apa).

Homecoming

Imelda Marcos akanga ari nhapwa kwenguva pfupi. Panguva yake Kusavapo kuzviremera munyika vauya chirikadzi dzakawanda Aquino dzavo, uyewo vamiririri inoverengeka akare vakakwirira, yakarideredza panguva chake muchimwiro. varwi zuro nezvokuwadzana uori vakatanga chipatapata kudambura chinhu kuti haana nguva mudzimba Marcos. Somugumisiro, vakawanda kuzvidemba kuti akakurumidza kudzinga kubva kunyika dzakare vatongi.

With idzodzi, akaita akakundawo munzanga 1991, hurumende akamanikidzwa kubvumira kudzoka Imelda Marcos. In Manila Airport iye akasangana neboka vatsigiri vake, pachena, uyo akaona mairi muduku zvakaipa kupfuura izvo anomirirwa musimba Korason Akino. Sezvo zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, asi kumba mushure zvinonyadzisa zvikuru nezvokupanduka mudzimai aimbova mutongi wacho akakwanisa kuramba rezvematongerwe. Iye ─ katatu 1995, 2010 uye 2013 - akasarudzwa kuti Congress uye akava nhengo dzeimba Representatives.

Rarama izvozvo nhasi, kunyange zvazvo makore kutora zvavo. Imelda Marcos, jaya kuonekwa Belle kuPhilippines, uye pakukwegura haana kurasa rinokosha yekare runako. Anogara mumhuri yaizivikanwa kwaari muumbozha, uye mibvunzo venhau 'pamusoro njodzi bhiriyoni 10 emadhora, iri asingazivikanwi anyudzwe mukudzika mabhanga Swiss, ndiyo chete mhosva chisinganzwisisike achinyemwerera.