Mutero: yakadiniko, uye akanga mari

Traditional kupima mashandiro unoshanda inoti pachishandiswa nokusungwa kune taxpayer mugove. Kune avo vanhu vakanga vavhimi uye vaunganidzi, uye dzimwe mhando mitero kunge vakashandisa - kusanganisira anonzi mutero. Chii uye sei kuumba Yasachnaya faira - anogona kuwanikwa munyaya ino.

The chidzoke of mbava mutero

Times Ermak nokuwedzera Muscovy kure kumabvazuva akauya mamiriro yakawanda matambudziko chaiwo kugadzirisa kuti zvinoda unconventional nzira. Indigenous vanhu kweSiberia haana nyika, uye saka aisagona varanda. Saka, shoko rokuti "mutero" wamuka. Shoko rinobva Bashkir "yaһaҡ" izvo zvaireva mutero kana vata. Kazhinji, zvipo izvi akaiswa kuti mbava vavhimi vemarudzi duku rizare ulus nerimwe (nharaunda) kumabvazuva kumucheto Moscow weutungamiriri.

achitora mutero

Chimwe ndicho mitero iri Russian Empire aiva wechibharo. Chii - akazvionera marudzi kweSiberia, kuti anongofamba vanhu Yenisei, Irkutsk, Tomsk enyika, uyewo vagari Transbaikalia uye Yakutia. Pfungwa muunganidzwa aiva zvakawanda pamwe chete mitero muCentral Asia. Saka, mutero munhau vasara somumwe zvikuru uncivilized nzira kudzvinyirirwa vemo.

Payer kuti mutero raitongwa muvhimi ose nemakore 18 kusvika 50 makore. In nomumwe nharaunda, ukuru kwemitero yakatogadzirwa zvakasiyana. The vasara Nhoroondo mabhuku Yenisei dzoruwa 1621 panyaya kuunganidzwa muripo chavagari nzvimbo 12 sables munhu. Ava, 11 vaizvivimba Yasaka hombodo, uye nemiviri aiva "mutambo yemariro wamambo." Yenisei mbava mitero vakanga pakati-soro kuSiberia. Enzanisa muna Tyulkina County zvakafanana 1621 zvakanga ikaunganidzwa Sable 99 chete, Sable pa 0,4 pamunhu. Chimwe chikonzero pakakoromoka ichi chakanga vamanikidzwe ezvinhu vanhu vairipa mutero. Chii akamanikidzwa vanhu vaduku vane kanoverengeka gore vakanga pasi vachirwisa prieniseyskih Kyrgyz uye Angara-Tungus, iwe ikozvino chete fembera anogona. Zvichida kudzivirira ndudzi duku kubva vachirwisa kuti pikisa vavakidzani uye chaiva chikonzero chikuru kuti muitiro obyasachivaniya akareverera zvikuru murunyararo, uye dzinorema nemauto Kusanzwisisana pamusoro hwaro ichi akanga akanyorwa.

Pavanotsiva mutero mutero

The wegore kupfura emhuka inobereka mbava-maviri emakore varombo zvikuru Fauna of Eastern kweSiberia. Mirairo Catherine II muna 1763, uye muna 1782 chikamu mutero vaibvumirwa kupa mari, asi zvinodiwa vachiri yakapiwa rudzi mutero. Nokuti tsanangudzo pamazita pemarudzi akabhadhara pushno faira, kunyange sezvo tichigadzirisa kuunganidzwa kwemari mutero rakavambwa zvakajeka. Pakupera ari XIX remakore zvakanzi yakadzokororwa remazita pemarudzi kubhadhara mutero muchivigiro. Chii uye chii vanhu mhando vainzi vabhadhare ichi mhando mutero, chakataurwa mumurayiro, unotsiva dzinongoitika rents mari mutero. Pakupedzisira mutero Haasisina kushandiswa chete mushure Revolution pamusoro 1917 gore.