Musimboti subsidiarity, ayo kuratidzwa uye unhu

Complementarity musimboti chinhu methodological uchapupu kuti pakutanga akagadzira Danish yefizikisi guru uye muzivi Niels Bohr toreva kusango quantum makanika. Complementarity musimboti Bohr, zvichida akauya chiedza chete nokuti kunyange akanga apfuura, yefizikisi yokuGermany Kurt Godel akapa mhedziso yake uye akashandiswa yakakurumbira theorem no pamusoro ehupfumi pakati deductive gadziriro, chinotaura kuti munda kwomuitirowo zvisingarambiki. Niels Bohr akawedzera musoro ndezvipi Gödel pamusoro penyaya nzvimbo pakati quantum hurongwa uye akagadzira musimboti seizvi: kuti zvakanaka uye zvakakwana kuziva nyaya Microcosm, zvinofanira munyaya hurongwa kuti vari kungoreva zvakaita munhu nechomukati, kureva, mune dzimwe gadziriro. Tsanangudzo iyi, uye zvakazivikanwa sezvo nheyo complementarity mune quantum makanika.

Muenzaniso magadzirisiro zvakadaro zvinetso Microcosm, kwaiva kufunga nyika iri akapoteredza dzidziso mbiri - chinozunguzirwa uye kuti zvakaita kuti unoshamisa unongotaura Zvakawanikwa nesayenzi dzinoratidza kumunhu mumuviri kunoita chiedza.

Niels Bohr mukunzwisisa yake mhedziso iyi akaenda mberi. Anoita kuedza kududzira subsidiarity musimboti muchiedza ruzivo ouzivi, uye zviri pano kuti nheyo yezvisikwa anowana yesayenzi kukosha. Zvino, akashandiswa nheyo inzwi akafanana: kuti, zvichiberekana kutanga nechinangwa kuti ruzivo rwake pamusoro chiratidzo (yokufananidzira) hurongwa, zvakakodzera kushandisa dzimwe pfungwa uye mhando. In zvakawanda nemashoko nyore, nheyo complementarity kunoda ruzivo kwete chete zvinogoneka, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakafanira, kushandiswa anoverengeka hurongwa methodological kuti kubvumira kuwana chinangwa umboo nezvenyaya yacho. Nheyo subsidiarity mupfungwa iyi, zvakaratidza kuva chokwadi kuti sungano Madimkira akanyatsorongwa gadziriro nzira - vanogona kuratidza pachavo, uye saka, nenzira yakasiyana. Saka, nokuuya uye kunzwisisa nhungamiro iyi, chokwadi, zvinoita kuti munhu pfungwa ruzivo hazvikwani, uye naizvozvo vakaziva zvakakosha musoro mufambiro ari pakutsvakurudza kwacho. Pakupedzisira, kushandisa nheyo Bohr pave kuchinja mune nyika sayenzi.

Gare gare Yu. M. Lotman akawedzera methodological kukosha nheyo Bohr uye vakauya mitemo yayo kuna nokure tsika, kunyanya kushandiswa tsanangudzo semiotics tsika. Lotman akagadzira vanonzi "Kuwanda kwemashoko gangaidzo", musimboti riri pakuti kuvapo kwevanhu kunyanya unowanikwa ezvinhu mashoko kukanganisika. Uye kukura kukundikana ichi nguva dzose wedzera. Kushandisa nheyo complementarity, zvinokwanisika kuripa kushaya mashoko rokushandura nawo zvakasiyana semiotic (chokufananidzira) hurongwa. chidobi Kwakakonzera Chaizvoizvo, kune chidzoke kombiyuta sayenzi cybernetics, uye ipapo Internet. Gare gare nhengo musimboti rwukasimbiswa ne vasiri anochinjika hwomunhu uyu mhando mafungiro, akafanirwa kuti asymmetry mabasa hemispheres ayo.

Mumwe urongwa, izvo yairevererwa Zvakaitwa nheyo Bohr, ndechokuti pakuvhurwa yefizikisi yokuGermany Werner Heisenberg, mutemo nechokwadi ukama. chiito Its rinogona kurondedzerwa se kuzivikanwa kusakwanisika nezverondedzero imwechete zvinhu zviviri chete zvakarurama, kana izvi zvinhu ndezvaJehovha zvakasiyana nehurongwa. Kwouzivi Fananidzo kuwanikwa ichi chakaita Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn, uyo mu basa rake "On Zvechokwadi" akati kuti nekuda kufarirwa nechokwadi chinhu, zvakafanira neimwe mubvunzo.

Saka, Bohr kwakaita nheyo, akawana kukuru methodological kukosha muminda siyana zivo yesayenzi.