Mubvunzo yepasi pose yakasiyana asitironati asitironati

Makore 100 chete apfuura, vanhu vasingagoni kunyange Hope anogona vofamba mhepo, kukunda madaro marefu ari kumhanya. Kunyanya chinhu naka pfungwa sokuti munhu ari muchadenga. In kuitika nguva chinhu nezuva chokwadi Semi-vanhu vagare pairi. Kazhinji paterevhizheni kutaura pamusoro vanhu, kuti akunde muchadenga. Asi dzimwe nguva dzinonzi muchadenga kunoongorora, uye dzimwe nguva - the muchadenga kunoongorora. Ndoupi musiyano?

How kutanga shoko

Kuti tinzwisise kuti munhu asitironati kubva asitironati zvakasiyana, unofanira kunzwisisa kwakabva mashoko.

Chokutanga, nyika akadzidza shoko "asitironati". Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga zvakaitwa debut wayo mapeji zvokufungidzira enganonyorwa ne Chirungu munyori P. Gregg muna 1880. Asi kukurumbira inokosha haingowanwi. Muna 1929, shoko raishandiswa senzira tsanangudzo nesayenzi munyaya weBritish Astronomical Association.

Shoko "asitironati" muna 1935 kwakaratidza kuti musayendisiti vaiita pakuverenga kutiza pamakwara zvitundumuseremusere uye popularizer nzvimbo sayenzi - Shternfeld A. A. Asi yesayenzi mhoteredzo haasi pakarepo vakanzwisisa utsanzi ichi. Dzimwe nyanzvi zvachose vakaramba idzva rokuti, dzakakora nayo basa neologisms. Asi shoko rokuti "asitironati" pashure pezana XX remakore, akabatana rokutanga mashoko vezvesayenzi, uye ipapo mashoko zvinowanzoitwa murume.

Mashoko Ose zvinobviswa Greek. "Cosmonaut" mutauro Pythagorean sezvariri anoshandura se "aidzidzisa yezvisikwa" uye "asitironati" - "nyeredzi mukwasvi".

Kana tikafunga chaiyo tsanangudzo neshoko rimwe nerimwe, musiyano kubva asitironati asitironati haisi kuwanikwa. Pashure pezvose, vose mazwi anoreva munhu mubasa kwesainzi mune muchadenga. Zvisinei, munyika dzakasiyana kugovana idzi pfungwa, kureva vanhu chete basa. Saka, ngationei kujekesa kusiyana kwakaita asitironati kubva asitironati, chii musiyano?

hondo chando

The Kusiyanisa of mashoko enyika wakaita basa guru. Iye uye ona zvinhu zvakasiyana kubva asitironati asitironati. Mushure Second World War, Soviet Union neUnited States kwemakore akawanda emakore rakabayirwa maoko rudzi uye zvinowanikwa nesayenzi kuti kubvumira nyika kuti zvokubata muvengi. Kana, sezvo kazhinji vanoti, muna Cold War.

Munguva yepashure pehondo zvakatanga kushingaira kusimudzira zvirongwa chokuita muchadenga kudziongorora. Takatanga achiedza pakupera aigarira chitundumusere-musere kuna Earth muchadenga. Vanhu vakatuma mhiri Earth, muna USSR, kwakasarudzwa kuti mazita muchadenga kunoongorora, uye muna America - ari muchadenga kunoongorora. Uye kunyange, chaizvoizvo, mashoko aya zvakafanana, dzairwisana nyika nemaune nezvezvandaifanira musiyano kubva asitironati asitironati.

Kusvikira ikozvino, munhau uye mabhuku kwesayenzi munyika dzakasiyana, kutaura pamusoro vanhu kurima muChadenga, shandisa mashoko akasiyana. Zvakaratidza kuti musiyano chikuru chii imwe asitironati rakasiyana ane asitironati - nyika yake. Kana nyeredzi ichibhururuka mutyairi Russian ari kutaura nezvake, "asitironati" kana American, Japanese, European - "asitironati".

Vokutanga muchadenga

Isu, Chokwadi, vachiziva kuti hazvina basa izvo asitironati rakasiyana ane asitironati, nokuti zvose izvi vanhu vari magamba chaidzo.

Munhu wokutanga uyo akatendeuka ari muchadenga aiva Soviet kuongororwa mutyairi, uye pamwe chete - cosmonaut, Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1961, April 12. Ndege kwakatora zvishoma kupfuura maminitsi 100. Zvino, nhasi nyika yedu vari kupemberera Zuva Cosmonautics.

Murume wechipiri waifamba ari chitundumuseremusere kupinda muchadenga, aiva cosmonaut wokuGermany Stepanovich Titov. In muchadenga, akapedza anodarika zuva.

In America, munhu wokutanga uye wechitatu munyika, akaita ndege dzayo musikana ari muchadenga Nyika ari spaceship, akava asitironati Dzhon Gershel Glenn Jr .. Paaigara muchadenga akabhururuka munyika katatu.

A munhukadzi asitironati rokutanga, akakunda yepasi pose expanses, akava Valentina VLADIMIROVNA Tereshkova (1963).

Ndivanaani zvino muchadenga?

Maererano Mission Control Center musi June 2, 2017 panguva dziri International Space Station ari vashandi zvitatu:

1. Test cosmonaut of 1st mukirasi, mutungamiri ISS-52 - Yurchihin Fedor Nikolaevich (Russia).
2. NASA asitironati, ndege injiniya - Peggy Winston (USA).
3. NASA asitironati, ndege injiniya - Dzhek Fisher (USA).

Nokuti vanhu ava, hazvina basa, chii akasiyana asitironati asitironati. Chinhu chikuru - vezvesayenzi uye tsvakurudzo basa, izvo zvichaita kuti earthlings kutaura zvakavanzika zvose. Zvichida ndiwo kunokwana vakazvitsaurira vanhu tichakwanisa kufamba pakati penyeredzi uye dzimwe nyika.