Niobium bhendi: kugadzirwa, zvivako, mafomu

Niobium - makemikari chinhu pamwe mabhomba nhamba 41. Wakatanga yakawanikwa mukutanga XIX remakore, asi ayo Kuzivikanwa akanga kumbosiyiwa kwemakore 150. Chete muna 1950, rimwe kamuri oga periodic table kwave dzinounzwa Mutongo International Union of Zvakarurama uye yokungotaura Chemistry atomu. Kushandisa utility sechinhu chinhu ari indasitiri, chinoitwa kubva kanyika kuti niobium. By pacharo, hazvina nhaka chinhu rakasiyana. It akadura uzere kwadzo paaisika alloys, zvingaitwa kana zvimwe nziyo.

dzokubudisa kuti niobium

Niobium mhangura vapfume - kunzwisisa chaizvo uye zvinodhura muitiro. Izvi imhaka zviri muna imwe pub nedombo hakuiti pfuura 24 magiramu. Uyezve, chinhu nokuda kwemakemikari ehupfumi akafanana zvakaoma chaizvo kusiyanisa kubva tantalum.

Under dzinongoitika ezvinhu kuwanikwa chete vakapararira muchimiro - mune igneous matombo uye crystals, uyewo vamwe zvicherwa - pyrochlore loparite, columbite-tantalite. Ichi chinhu periodic gadziriro iri zvikaramba kunyanya kubva chipo yeimwe. niobium kugadzirwa ine matanho matatu:

1. Kuvhuya chitunha matombo rurefu zviri niobium zvinhu.
2. Bazi niobium tantalum, vachigadzira wakachena yeimwe.
3. Recovery uye wokunatswa simbi uye alloys ayo pakusachena.

Hwaro kugadzirwa kutenderera mudenga-tembiricha chafariz urongwa vachishandisa aruminiyamu, yavaibvisa kana kabhoni. Pakarepo kuzosunungura niobium upfu yakagadzirwa nokutsikirira, sintering kuti upfu "cubes" iri vacuüm it, uye Erekitironi-danda chinhu chakakombama utsotso.

Useful ehupfumi

Nokuda kwayo kunoshamisa unhu niobium inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri zhinji. Kuti zviite kuti Implementation of chinokosha mu murwiyo wevacheche, akaita siyana akakungurutsa zvigadzirwa, kusanganisira niobium zviuno. Huru achishingaira pazvokudya hazvisi niobium carbide, kuti une zvainoita zvemaziso ehupfumi nezvinhu zvinobatsira. Nokuti doping por tani hwendarira kunoda 200 chete magiramu ose niobium. The zvichiguma chiwanikwa aine zvakaoma uye ductility, pasi friability, nani ngura kuramba. The chinhu inoshandiswa nesimbi wokudzivirira uye dzisiri ferrous, kunyanya aruminiyamu, kubva alkalis uye acids.

Kushandiswa niobium

Niobium Pfekenura iri kunyanya kushandiswa senzira dopant kuumba zvose alloys kubva ferrous uye ferrous simbi. Huru mafomu vari niobium chitundumuseremusere, redhiyo uye zvemagetsi engineering, kemikari midziyo kuvaka, aeronautical uye astronautical mapurani.

Kushandiswa esimbi kana wakachena niobium nokuda vanoverengeka ayo kunobatsira zvivako. Pakati pavo rinosimbisa refractoriness, kuramba ngura, kugona kuwedzera kupisa nemishonga nezvinhu zvavo conductive chinzvimbo.

Unique quality, ine niobium ubvise iri kushanda razero kudyidzana isotope kuti uranium exchange ari tembiricha anosvika 1100 Celsius. Uyezve, atomu rine yakaderera chakagadzirwa radioactivity. Izvi zvose zvinoita yakakodzera kudzivirirwa zvenyukireya reactors, uyewo midziyo kuchengetera apedza radioactive mafuta.

Kugadzirwa niobium

Of niobium simbi zvigadzirwa vari kunyanya kusangana zvinodiwa bhizimisi yenyukireya. Pane Kamudzira agadzirira kwazviri kuti uranium exchange uye plutonium teplovyvodyaschih okunze, midziyo kuchengeta mvura nesimbi, mwaranzi. Products dzakagadzirwa niobium akashandisa kusika rinorema basa kadambari. With payo, kuderedza kurwisa pakati conductors, nokudaro pakuwana cryotrons - sverhvysokoprovodyaschie kombiyuta zvinhu. In Austria, sirivha uye niobium chiwanikwa raishandiswa dzava kugadzira Mari nemuteresi.