Heavy muchiuto senga ndege Il-76TD: michina nokurondedzerwa

IL-76 - uto chokufambisa ndege, muenzaniso inobhururuka anopfuura kota remakore. Various okunatsiridza kwakaitwa pamusoro wayo hwaro, vose zvavo uye zvechiuto. Mutates uye ngarava pacharo, achiwedzera itsva features, akawedzera munazvo. Pasinei nani chakakomba zera, pahwaro muchina uyu vachiri projected shanduro itsva.

TD womuenzaniso aiva mumwe okunatsiridza akadaro. Ilyushin Design Bureau izvozvo muna 1982, makore mashomanana pashure kushanda zvikabva kugadzirwa. Two vatambi vari rokuti unomiririra "kumberi senga." Zvimwe kuti kusiyanisa Shanduro iyi, tichakurukura pazasi.

History chokusika

Pakati pezana 60-ies OKB Ilyushin ambopiwa kuti vave senga ndege. Basa rakanga raitwa kwemakore anoverengeka, uye ndokuguma kwezana '70s. Atova March 1971 zvikabva pamusoro ndege IL-76 wokutanga rwakasimudzwa mumhepo. Mugore iroro panguva mhepo anoratidza muFrance, zvinoita sokuti kune voruzhinji.

Muna 1973, muenzaniso hwozouya kugadzirwa. The michina okutanga pagungano ndege chirimwa pavo. Chkalov Tashkent. Makore mashomanana gare gare, muna 1976, akagamuchira ndege uye muchiuto. Kubvira, Tashkent akava mukuru mugadziri muenzaniso uyu. Mumakore iwayo chete, hondo muna Afghanistan, uye, maererano ndibatsireiwo data, 95% rwemotokari uye yokufambisa vashandi mukufamba vemauto remapazi vari Kutamiswa ari utsva yeSoviet ndege indasitiri - IL-76.

To musi, kuchangobva okunatsiridza kuti muchina uyu vachiri zvinoumba hwaro uto chokufambisa avhiyesheni weRussia. Kunyange chokuita ndege inotakura zvinhu Park - muna Afghanistan makore raanaro peya duku caliber kwepfuti 23 mm iri muswe muchikamu.

tsananguro

The senga ndege IL-76 aiva ndege yokutanga Soviet Union, chikuru simba chirimwa inova turbojets. Vamwe motokari iri kuitika zvatinosiita kuti rinorema avhiyesheni musimboti yakatsvairwa mapapiro uye T-muswe rimwe chete keel. A nevamwe chinhu kunogona kunzi chisimbiso zvose mahofisi uye zvinhu nezvikamu zvakazara. The ndege inotakura zvinhu magonhi matatu, imwe uye vaviri pakupedzisira iri mberi. Urongwa Izvi zvinobvumira kugadzira zvakananga kupinda kumhara rukova 4 (rwemberi tsotsonya siyana slats), asi tsika iyi haina kuiswa. Kazhinji, munhu kumhara vabudiswa chete kubva pamberi tsotsonya, apo neshure achibatsirwa parachutes anobudiswa inorema michina.

Panguva iyoyowo, kufanana chero ndege iyi mhando, IL-76TD ane midziyo inokosha iri tiers maviri, mana chitakuriso uye, chokwadi, vakawanda nhumbi winches. rwemberi tsotsonya magadzirirwo mureza, ichibhabhamisa vatatu, vaviri izvo avhurira kumativi, uye nzvimbo iri akatura, kusikwa murwere ane zvemarudzi kuti kupinda kana anonetsa zvikuru. Kunze kwake, nhumbi vakabata chinotenderera tafura pane nzira dzinoverengeka aivabatsira kufamba mabhokisi makuru.

The ndege ine mana simba Motors akaisa pamusoro pylons pasi pemapapiro. Kuoneka mberi kana ichionekwa kumusoro pachena kuti mapapiro chiri pamusoro fuselage, ari mhando fungidziro, iyo pamwe chete pamberi (izvo pazasi) ndiye anozivikanwa musiyano pakati zvikabva, uye ndiripo okunatsiridza ayo, kusanganisira IL-76TD vehurumende Version. , Simba giya hurongwa akaronga pamusoro shanu-pfungwa zano (4 pasi pemapapiro, mumwe pasi mhino) unokubvumira kukwanawo kwete chete chesamende zviuno, asiwo kune lähikuva.

okunatsiridza

Asati achipfuura kuna okunatsiridza, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muenzaniso anotsanangurwa nesu kwokutanga akaberekwa muupenyu chaihwo pane papepa. Pakutanga, tsamba idzi aiva muchiuto plane Akazadzisa mafuta matangi, uyewo injini itsva. Zvadaro, pashure nguva, apo vagadziri akatanga kuita rehurumende shanduro, mumwe nzira itsva raiva zita akwegura.

• IL-76 - rechiuto senga ndege. Iye aiva kumumvuri kuti dzakatevedzana arambe mumarori.
• IL-76T - akawedzera imwe mafuta tangi iri nadzurudzo iyi. Version akava mutyairi, asi yakawedzerwa wedzerai peturu aigona yekudyidzana kuwedzera kutiza siyana.
• IL-76TD - akasimuka turbofan injini D-30KP-1. The zororo iri zvachose inodzokorora yapfuura kukura.
• IL-76TDP - uyewo inodzokorora kwokutanga kukura. Main Chikumbiro - dondo moto, izvo zvishoma anochinja nhumbi munhare uye akaisa mvura buditsa hurongwa.
• A-50 - pamoyo kukura iyi ichiri chete zvikabva ane mamwe mafuta mumota. Ndege hurongwa akagadza AEW (kuenda neherikoputa Early Warning uye Control).
• Il-76M - kubatanidzwa shanduro uchikumbira Air Force. The hwokugadzira Chikamu akadzokorora T shanduro, asi ane pfuti maoko, uye mano A-50.
• Yl 76MD - uto shanduro kupfuura wainyatsotaura AP. injini New nedzechiuto "zvekupfakira". Aigona kutakura svikiro Matangi kana mauto anosvika 200 vanhu.
• Il-76LL - shanduro iyi ikaunganidzwa mune makopi kuroorwa uye akanga achibhururuka rabhoritari nokuda kukura uye kuidzwa injini matsva. Vatengi vaiva Developers pachavo OKB Ilyushin.
• IL-78 - ndege-ngarava. Minimum kunorwa pasipasi mutoro. Two mamwe mafuta matangi.
• Adman1 - shanduro A-50, vakaungana kuti Air Force muIraq. Ndakanga mamwe radar.
• Adman2 - muchina iri akatumira kuna Iraqi Air Force. ndege iyi yakanga mubasa pesimba uye kutungamirirwa evadzimi.

tsika budiriro

Kunze shanduro LL, hwakasikwa nokuda Developers, yakabudiswa vashoma vasiri mureza zvakasiyana. Maererano ndibatsireiwo mashoko, paiva 1-2 vari maBhaibheri avo uye zita digitaalinen chiratidzo haagamuchirwi. Somunhu kumumvuri vose vakashanda sezvo IL-76T - ndege pamwe kwakawedzera mafuta vanokwanisa. Pakati pavo paiva zvinobhururuka muchipatara, mutakuri pamusoro Laser zvombo , uye kunyange ezvinhu weightlessness Simulator, akagadzirirwa zvakananga kuti muchadenga kunoongorora.

chinzvimbo

Kukura ndege ipi ano, pasinei mhando, vagadziri vanofanira kufunga vazhinji vose kwokunze uye dzimwe parameters, zvikasadaro chikepe ichatadza kumuka mumhepo. Kana kukura kwapera uye akatanga renguva pamwero kugadzirwa, vendege, vatengi vachafanira kuteerera vamwe ehupfumi, asi mumwe wavo nevakawanda uye vagadziri, uye vatakuri.

It - chinzvimbo. IL-76TD mune dzakawanda upgrades vaiva nomukana kutakura rimwe nehafu nguva kupfuura ayo kumumvuri. In motokari yokutanga pakaziviswa mufananidzo matani 28. In matsva kuitika - 42, uye muna shanduro itsva - matani 60.

vashandi

Kufanana vakawanda Soviet chokufambisa ndege, ndege vakagamuchira dzeraundi glazed panguva uta. Yokumusoro chikamu apo mukuru kuzvidzora, uye nechezasi - chati imba. The vashandi pamusoro Il-76TD yaisanganisira 5 vanhu. mutyairi uyu wokutanga (aizivikanwawo sezvo FAC), mumwe mutyairi wendege wechipiri, ndege injiniya uye redhiyo opareta. Uyewo ari chikwata ndakanga chikamu aidzidzisa. The ndege yokutanga neshanduro dzavasinei nadzo rechiuto vane vashandi muna vaviri - muri masoja nemiseve. Kuti chati kamuri ndege vakasungwa yakati kujairika murarawungu.

zadzisa

Special panotaurwa akakodzera mafuta hurongwa. In randinenge vehurumende airliner, zvisinei nhamba michini, pane vaviri, dzimwe nguva matatu tangi. Standard mirayiridzo hwokugadzira kushanda 76TD IL-dzataurwa Matangi 12, rakakamurwa 4 zvikamu (by Motors). In nomumwe wavo ichiripo nokupesana avo chikuru, yechipiri uye negadziriro yeparutivi matangi. Saka, mufambisi wengarava haana kunzwisisa zvakakwana kudzora mafuta kuyerera uye anogona kukurumidza sei chero mamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi. Total vanokwanisa ose Matangi kusapfuudza chiratidzo 100 zviuru litres peturu.

zvinoitwa

Tava akaongororwa munhu parameters of IL-76TD. Magadzirirwo anofanira kuderedza hombe pasi.

Tichifunga kuti ndege zhinji kare kubhururuka anopfuura kota remakore, pakutanga, kuti upenyu yokuvaka basa - 30 makore. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti shanduro itsva vari kure gungano mutsetse achiri, asi asisiri Tashkent, iyo yava kuonekwa kunze, uye Ulyanovsk.

• Mapapiro - 50 m.
• Wing Area - 300 sq. m.
• Ndege kureba - 46,5 m, nhumbi mupanda - 24.5.
• Urefu (ari keel) - 14.7 M; Marori vetekisi - 3.4 m.
• Upamhi - 3, 45 (nhumbi mupanda).
• Volume - 321 cubic metres. m.

Cherechedza kuti fuselage chikamu ari denderedzwa akakwana, vanofanirawo kutaura kuti ndege zvinobvira hwokugadza murwere wechipiri, apo nhumbi mupanda pakureba zvishoma, asi kunoderedza.

Flight date:

• Shoma yasimuka uremu - matani 88, kufadza - 210.
• Speed - 800 km / h, kufadza - 850.
• Flight Range - 4000 km kunonyanyisa - 6000.
• Practical siringi - 12,000 m.
• Kumhara havukavu - 210 km / h.
• Kureba runway nokuda yasimuka (Mini) - 850 m, nokuti chakasimwa - mamita 450.
• Engines - 4 (HPT 30KP-D-2).
• Traction simba - 12 000 makirogiramu neimwe.
• Huni Matangi zvose - 109,5 l.

Kurambidzwa ndege

Pakutanga kwezana remakore idzva aizivikanwa mubhawa dema kukura 76 yokutevedzera. Muna 2000, ivo ICAO (International sangano rinotarisira yose vehurumende avhiyesheni) akaita akasungirirwa zvinodiwa ndege ano. Nekuti muchina usingabereki kundosangana nemitemo itsva, akadzivira dzendege kuEurope, North America, Japan uye kunyange Australia. Huru kutaura kuna IL-76 simbi ruzha uye kusvibiswa mhepo.

Zvakaguma mazuvaano ari michina shanduro, iyo vakagamuchira kunze huru indekisi 90VD. boka idzva ndege pasina kukamurwa vanobhururuka munyika, achipa nhumbi ari kupfuura siyana makona nyika.

pari

Sezvo kutiza 76th wokutanga akashanda Air Force of Union makore 15 uye kuramba kushumira Kishi nyika. Bhaibheri vane Russia, Ukraine, Belarus uye dzimwe nyika. motokari dzakawanda zana vaungana kuti ekisipoti. Mukuwedzera kuhondo, zvinokwanisika kungotaura zvivako mashoma kuti IL-76TD aishandisa nhasi. Mês, chimbichimbi mabasa, kuchengeteka mauto, uyewo mamwe vendege dzinobatanidzwa mitoro motokari chete. Pane kunyange ndibatsireiwo kupatsanura: AN-124 - the supersize, mumwe "Boeing" 747 kuti - wakarebesa, uye IL-76 - zvikuru multi-chinangwa.

mhedziso

IL-76TD - ndokuendeswa nhumbi ndege, zvisina uyewo sevatsigiri Antonov design, asi, zvakadaro, nemhaka mukana yokuwana zvose muvhu uye kongiri ubvise kwakanga kunyanya kupararira. Pasinei kupfuura seane uchenjeri zera, muenzaniso uyu wakashanda uye zvimwe zvichiri kushanda kumumvuri kwenguva itsva, ano, asi musarasikirwe yakashongedzwa pakuonekwa zvavo uye muchiuto "rori".