Monument Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk. Museum-Reserve Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk

The Monument yokutanga Mihailu Lermontovu yakatangwa Pyatigorsk, pedyo panzvimbo akafa. saka muviri panguva kare akanga reburied kubva Pyatigorsk, asi guta, apo akapedza yokupedzisira mwedzi hwake, asi nzvimbo yechizvarirwo okupedzisira nhetembo dzake, haana maturo akahwina yokutanga Lermontov monument muRussia.

"Ndakafara nemi, matombo yemakomo"

Lermontov vachizvipira akada makomo, aida eCaucasus. Kubvira makore iwayo apo ambuya vangu Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva ake vaduku chaizvo uyewo vachiuya mvura inopisa, sezvo kamwe anonzi Pyatigorsk. mitsetse Vazhinji mabasa ake vakazvipira kuna Caucasus, runako pezvawakaita. Zvichida ndosaka rudo kunonzwisiswa nesu sezvo inosuruvarisa. Pano Lermontov fated akauya pashure pokutapwa yake yokutanga muna Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon hondo yacho inopandukira nhetembo "On rufu nyanduri," uye zvadaro vakauya pano kuti zhizha rose yokuzorora. Uye nei haana kudzokera.

Kuti imba Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk, chaakanga atora kubva Major Vasiliya Ivanovicha Chilaeva, achiri pamire nhasi. Zvino mairi nyanduri wacho miziyamu. A Monument, rekutanga, Lermontov immortalized namabwe, akaisa muguta square, iyo misasa zvakananga pamberi buri. Shure kwake - meGomo Mashuk, apo July 27, 1841 mune rimwe duel vapedza upenyu nyanduri. Meso ake pamusoro Elbrus, mi- nhongonya nyanduri Makomo eCaucasus Mudiwa saka. Monument Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk, iyo anobvisa pikicha zvose nzvimbo vaishanyira guta - chiratidzo rusina udyire nokuda mudetembi chinoziva pfungwa iyoyo.

By rechimakumi matatu gore Nyanduri afa

Story duel Lermontov uye zita muurayi rake vanoziva zvinenge zvose Russia ano. Izvi akaudzwa kuchikoro mukirasi kuti chizvarwa kutaura, makanyorwa mabhuku okuchikoro. Uye mazita avo akatanga kugadzwa wokutanga shongwe iye akahusika, anozivikanwa vanyori kunyanya unyanzvi.

vanhu kunyanya vazhinji akatanga muitiro naro, mazita avo zvave zvakaoma kuyeuka. Muna 1870, mudetembi Peter Kuzmich Martianov yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi "Basa World" inotevera mitsetse: "St. Petersburg uye Kronstadt akaisa Zvivako Kruzenshtern uye Bellingsgauzenu, Kiev - Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu uye Count Bobrinsky, Smolensk - Glinka, nei Pyatigorsk, pamwe nezviuru ayo vashanyi mvura, kwete tanga pakuvaka shongwe M. Yu. Lermontovu? "huru roja nenguva iyo Caucasian Mineral Waters Andrew Matveyevich Bajkov zvakasimba pfungwa Martyanova. The initiators dzeboka akanga akanyorwa rimwe zita - Aleksandr Andreevich Vitman, chiremba uye dare wezano Pyatigorsk. Bikes uye Whitman kunge akakumbira kubatsirwa Baron A. P. Nikolai, uyo panguva iyoyo Chief hwomubati Caucasian - Grand Duke Mikhail Romanov. Saka Papera gore, kuburikidza maoko mazhinji, danho rokutanga kuti kumisa shongwe Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk akawana chevaux Alexander II. mvumo yake soro kuti chiitiko akagamuchirwa July 23, 1871, kusvika zuva rechimakumi matatu gore Nyanduri afa.

Zviuru rubles dhenari *

Achipindura, mambo akanga uyewo akanyorwa uye ipapo, pane zvinoreva zvichabviswa amisa shongwe. Unofanira kuzivisa "... kuvhura kwakapararira munzvimbo Empire magazini kuunganidza mari shongwe iyi." Yakanga pakarepo akaisira komiti kurera mari, uye bazi rezvemari akatanga kunyoresa mipiro.

Nyaya yokutanga yakavamba yakagamuchirwa kubvira kuvanhuwo zvavo zviviri zvisingazivikanwi kuti Taurian province. Akanga rubles maviri. Asi nokukurumidza akatanga kugamuchira mipiro kwese. Vamwe rakawandisa zvaisanganisira munyaya. Somuenzaniso, cheki chiuru rubles - mari yakawanda mumakore iwayo - akatuma Prince Alexander Illarionovich Vasilchikov vaimbova Lermontov kechipiri iyoyo yenhamo duel. Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky vanobhadharwa mari imwe sendi kubva vamwe mukuru Mishchenko aiva dzinoronga kuti kunyange akarondedzera chiitiko ichi senyevero kune zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. Uye chokwadi chokuti vanhuwo murimi mudiki Ivan Andreichev akawedzera chipo ichi kuti Ruble, ivo hunorondedzerwawo.

Mumakore 18 chete, panguva iyo vakagamuchira mari kuti shongwe Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk ikaunganidzwa 53 zviuru 398 rubles uye 46 kopecks.

Makwikwi nokuti zvakanaka chirongwa

By 1881 mari inounganidzwa Zvakakwana kuti ndifambire mberi basa munguva yemberi Monument. Committee nokuti achiiisa vakakwanisa kuhwina guta Pyatigorsk senzvimbo zvachose yakagara shongwe, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nhengo wedare zvinganaka vakaiisa mumwe misoro miviri, dzichishandisa chokwadi chokuti "Lermontov ndorwevaya yose Russia", uye pane kupa kuti uvhure miziyamu pakati Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk.

Dzinokwana vaitenderera matatu kusarudzwa yakanakisisa chirongwa yacho shongwe. Wekutanga kana wechipiri vaitenderera, uye vakatumirwa vanopfuura 120 vaitaura, havana kwakaratidza kuti gadzira anokosha, izvo zvaizoita dzinobvumira Commission yose. Results wechitatu rwakapoteredza zvakaziviswa October 30, 1883. It akatuma zvirongwa zvaro 15 Vakwikwidzi, ramakagadzwa nhamba 14 uye akanga akanyorwa gadzira remangwana Monument. Akapinda yakakurumbira panguva nomuvezi Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Opekushina, akasika makore matatu adarika shongwe Alexander Pushkin, uyo akasimbisa musi Tverskoy Boulevard muMoscow. Monument Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk, uyo aida kuisa Opekushin, iri nyore nziyo dzine vashoma zviduku zvakawanda, asi of romunyori chinangwa chaiva kuratidza pfupi asi zvinonakidza upenyu nyanduri. Uye pfungwa yacho komisheni nhengo rakazoshandiswa.

A mufananidzo uye mifananidzo

Oddly zvakakwana, asi kuti vabudirire endarira kufanana nyanduri nechiso chake zvakazoonekwa kuti haizakadaro nyore muupenyu. Rufu Mask hameno asina kubviswa Lermontov. Under wezvaizogona chitarisiko chake Opekushininu akapa nokuzviremekedza mufananidzo Nyanduri, rakanyorwa naye Watercolour kwemakore mana asati afa, uye munin'ina-penzura yokukweva Lermontov, Baron D. P. Palena, kupendwa muna 1840, apo nyanduri hwairatidzwa muzvinhu profile.

basa Great zvaitwa Aleksandr Mihaylovich Opekushin. Monument Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk dzakwidzwa kuzivikanwa sendarama yakarurama mune mashoko akafanana chete nyanduri. Uye zvakanga hazvishamisi, sezvo nomuvezi akasika zhinji vanodhirowa Lermontov, asati achivapa kuenzanisa mhenyu nyanduri shamwari, pakati pavo pakange ake Vasilchikov wechipiri. Nyora kubva pameso hazvishandi pamusoro nyanzvi dzakasarudzwa gadzira zvakananga uchitungamirirwa Aleksandra Illarionovicha, risati anotenderwa yokupedzisira shanduro shongwe. Munyori haana chete kupa chifananidzo mufananidzo wechinhu, asiwo kuti pave zvikuru unyanzvi mabasa ounyanzvi, akakodzera mudetembi.

From Crimea uye St. Petersburg - Pyatigorsk

Somugumisiro, munyori wacho shongwe Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk kwete chete akasika chaizvo chifananidzo nyanduri, asi akataura kuti pasi wake nechigadziko mufanidzo. Bright girenayiti rakanyorwa raifanira wakaradzikwa muchimiro padombo akakura pairi, kunze nembira, mumwe welaurel chishongo uye chinyoreso, pakanga pasina kumwe ornamentation. All muchidimbu, asi mumwe nomumwe zvakamisa hurongwa aifanira kutakura rokufananidzira rinoreva pakadzika.

In St. Petersburg, mu yendarira kuraswa fekitari "A Moran" chikakandirwa wendarira chifananidzo pacharo (Kukwirira 2 metres 35 masendimita) uye mashoko ari nechigadziko yakarongedzwa. Ipapo chivezwa, nepo Pyatigorsk kuti nokukurumidza yakaronga Square uye vakatasva ari pakagadzirwa nematanda, akaisa musoro kuti ruzhinji kuona.

Nokuti nechigadziko zvikuru kubva Crimea vakaunzwa chiedza girenayiti boulders - vanosvika vezvikwata masere. The nzvimbo shongwe nomuvezi pachake akasarudza refu asati kwayo kugadzwa. Izvi akabvumira organically kubatanidza chifananidzo Nyanduri uye dzakapoteredza paki nzvimbo. In mufanidzo ake achizvivakira nechigadziko munzvimbo mhizha. Installation munhu chivezwa Nyanduri, iyo iri Pyatigorsk pakutanga wakakumikidzwa rails yendarira, ipapo ngoro, akatungamirira Opekushin, kwakamubatsira vakauya kubva tenzi guru. The zvachose kureba shongwe pashure installation yakanga 5 makubhiti 65 masendimita.

Emimbure uye kutaura mujinga Mashuk

Pakutanga, Huro shongwe yakanzi yaizotongwa October 1889. Asi Aleksandr Mihaylovich Opekushin vaisagona kupinda October muna Pyatigorsk, uye vashanyi vakawanda Waters vaizova chipo ichi chiitiko chinokosha, uye saka musi Huro shongwe akakurudzirwa Svondo 16 August.

Kunze Opekushin kuona pachako sei achava shongwe Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk, muchato akauya anenge ose nhengo komiti kuti kugadzwa kwayo, veko kwamachinda, vakuru Office reMvura, vakuru veguta, vagari munharaunda uye dzisina vashanyi. Rakanga verenga mushumo muunganidzwa uye mari yacho mari, pashure iyo shongwe uye akabvisa chando-chena, sezvo pamusoro Elbrus, nechidzitiro.

Nezvishongo maruva, sirivha, simbi akarara patsoka Nyanduri. Paiva yakatarwa kutaura nezvokukosha rokusika nhaka nyanduri vanhu Russian, kutevedzana "Lermontov", akanyora VI Sauro, nhetembo "asati shongwe M. Yu. Lermontova", verenga munyori Kostoy Hetagurovym. Rakanga wakapata chimedu chiduku "Panguva shongwe Lermontov", rakanyorwa Mr. Schmidt.

Oga Andrei Matveevich Baykova haana pakati vevaivapo. Panguva ino akanga arwara, akanga ari dzisina Merano, muAustria, apo akafa mwedzi pashure pakuvhurwa shongwe.

Wokutanga yakanakisisa nhasi

Ndarira Lermontov, iyo mari munyika, kwete chete akava shongwe wokutanga yakaitwa kuti nyanduri, asi yakanakisisa zvose zviripo nhasi. It runoonekwa uri kare, vanyori venhau dzakaitika, vanyori wakaratidzwa kwenguva refu. How zvikuru yakavakwa pashure zvivako zvitsva, asi rinoramba zvakafanana: yakanakisisa shongwe Lermontov - Pyatigorsk. Fungidzira izvozvo, pamwe mifananidzo zviri yakaiswa pamusoro Tverskaya Pushkin, - anenge zvose nemaenisaikoropidhiya. Patsoka Nyanduri pamusoro pamberi nechigadziko pamwe zvinyorwa maviri; kwenzira "M. Lermontov ", zvishoma pazasi -" 16 August 1889 ".

Bronze chiso chakafanana Lermontov transmits wokufananidzira mitsetse, riri kuda kudurura papepa, saka zvinoita sokuti kwakafuridzirwa. Asi mudanga iri inviolable, bhuku akawira kubva mumaoko nyanduri, uye meso ake anotarira nesinou Mount Elbrus. Zvinokonzera musana - Mashuk. Kunyange zvinhu izvi kutakura zvaanoreva yakakwirira: shure kare mberi - nokusingagumi. Saka mudzidziso nyanduri huru Russian Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk. Photo of shongwe pamusoro pakanyorwa wakashata Mountain kuti vashanyi zvizhinji mifananidzo yakanaka nenhongonya Makomo eCaucasus.

House pasi yakapfirirwa denga

Muna May 1841, achida kupedza mwedzi mishomanana vaunofarira Pyatigorsk, Lermontov akasvika eCaucasus. I vakagumburwa pamusoro nyore, asi zvakanaka zvakanaka yakaramba imba imwe, akafukidza netsanga, pamusoro Mharidzo mumugwagwa, pamusoro kweguta. Aine muridzi musha, imwe harahwa Major-neliö VI Chilaev akakwanisa kuuya chibvumirano kuti 100 rubles sirivha - yakati wandei Nemutengo, asi akabvumira kuti kurenda imba yezhizha. In neimba yakadaro kamwe "akagadzirisa" Pechorin wake, ichi chete imba yaiva wokupedzisira vepasi vakagara Nyanduri.

Pashure chinouraya duel, refu asati chivakwa ichava imba-miziyamu pamusoro Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk nehanya zvishoma pamusoro imba ino. Kazhinji achinja varidzi, hapana urongwa hwake, kuti mamiriro zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kusviba. Chinhu chokutanga chakaitwa veko, kana njodzi pokuwa rava zvikuru pachena - kugadzirwa uye dzakabatana rusvingo Memorial machena rakanyorwa, iro ichimuremera kusvikira nhasi. It mashoma okuti: "domów, kusvikira kotorom zhil nyanduri M. Yu Lermontov". Chete muna 1922, wePublic Education Department rakapa Pyatigorsk zvarinoroora imba. Mugore, zvinogona kutungamirira zvakakodzera mhando nokuda miziyamu.

Nhasi ndiro rinenge chete asara yakasimba Monument chokuita Lermontov. Pano, kwete chete imba, asi zvose dzimba munharaunda ndiyo nzira vaiva 1841 - yakasiyana nedzimwe nyaya.

Kubva Pyatigorsk kuti mhuri kumakuva crypt muna Tarkhany

Pano, mumba pasi yakapfirirwa denga, uye vakauya pamusoro kuchinaya Chipiri July 27 upenyu muviri Nyanduri mushure duel, saka zvakanzi kuitwa chechipiri, sezvo vakatenda nzira kumakuva Pyatigorsk.

Kukurisa Mihaila Lermontova mbuya, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva, mwedzi misere afa muzukuru wake akavawanira kodzero kuti reburial Nyanduri uye zvaitakura muviri kuti mhuri yavatezvara Tarkhany Penza rwenyika, apo mhuri rakatenderera yakanga waveswa mai vake uye sekuru. Asi Lermontov miziyamu muna Pyatigorsk akawedzera zvimwe zvinhu Nyanduri, uyo anopa katatu akabvisa muzukuru of Mikhail Yurevich - Eugene Akimovna Shang Giray.

The reburial kwakaitika musi waMay 5, 1842. Uye pazuva rokutanga guva Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk kumakuva paakagadzwa chirangaridzo Dombo, izvo, kufanana shongwe uye imba pasi yakapfirirwa denga, uya mafeni vakawanda basa rake.

Favorite panzvimbo Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk

Kwete chete guta park, kuti miziyamu zvakaoma uye kumakuva iri ashanyirwa vashanyi vazhinji Pyatigorsk. Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakanaka mumakomo, apo kamwe mudetembi aifarira kuva apo musango mudungwe munzira kutungamirira izvozvi. Pakati huru zvinokwezva - the cavern pamusoro Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk pamusoro chaitika Gomo Mashuk. nyanduri Pane akanyora muna 1837, ari kupenda - "Maonero Pyatigorsk", iro rinotaura chaitika. Iye, musi Lermontov kwaMwari, rakava nzvimbo yakavanda misangano Pechorin uye Vera.

Kusvikira 1831, zvakanga zvatinosiita gomo bako, iyo inopa hunoshamisa maonero Pyatigorsk. Ipapo Bernardazzi hama (Johann naJosefa, vavaki omunharaunda) kunge anotendeuka ndokuita cavern, mabhenji ndakagadza mariri, uye ejeri maro akazviratidza chete manonwe ari XIX remakore. The chakakandirwa-simbi Dombo "cavern pamusoro Lermontov" yakatangwa 1961. Kure neguta uye vanhu Lermontov rotonhorera pano kubva Chipatapata chiri.

"Kutapira rwiyo yokumusha kwangu ..."

Dzakawanda rwavakaita vatungamiriri vachakwanisa kushanyira uye Museum-Reserve Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk, uye guva uye Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda kumakuva uye nzvimbo duel mujinga reGomo Mashuk. Vakawanda vanoda kuenda kubudikidza nyanduri kufarira nzvimbo yakapoteredza guta, uko kazhinji akafamba. Saka pane imwe nguva akaita Leo NdiTolstoy, Sergey Yesenin, Vasily Shukshin, rinenge okupedzisira nzvimbo huru munyori, mudetembi uye yokudhirowa sezvo ake kushanyirwa.

Kunyanya yakatsvikinyidzana pano pazuva ndangariro Nyanduri - musi wa27 Chikunguru. Held mabhuku kuverengwa, kuridza ndima Lermontov vake. Uye kazhinji - mitsetse iyi: "Kutapira rwiyo yokumusha kwangu, Ndinoda Caucasus!"