CPU yekushanda semuenzaniso wekombiyuta kushanda

Munhu anoda kuenderera mberi nekufambidzana nekufamba kwenguva, anomanikidzwa kutenga kombiyuta uye kudzidza kuti angashandisa sei. Izvi zviri nyore kutsanangura, nokuti teknolojia yekombiyuta inobatanidza negore rose rinopfuurira mumativi ese ehupenyu. Rubatsiro raro kune munhu rwakajeka: kukwirira-kusanzwisisika kuverenga, kutungamira kwehutano hwemagetsi, zvigadzirwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, munhu anodawo kukwanisa kutsigira mutsigiri wake wemagetsi mumamiriro anoshanda. Imwe yemiganhu inokosha zvikuru yekombiyuta ndiyo inotonhorera iyo inogadzirisa. Kuti unzwisise kuti chii uye nei ichikosha zvakadaro, zvinokosha kuti uende zvishoma mukati memutambo we microprocessor teknolojia.

Zvose zvinotenderera magetsi zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu: transistors, capacitors, diodes nehumwe kushorwa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvemagetsi emagetsi ndiyo inopisa yevatungamiri vanokonzerwa nayo, nemhaka yekudzivirira magetsi. Chero chipu, chaicho, iko kuunganidza kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvakadai zvakaungana muimba imwe chete, saka kupisa kwayo hakusi kusakosha, asi chimiro chechisikigo, kunyange chisingadi. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kutonhora kwakakura kunochinja zvinhu zve semiconductors uye zvidhina zvinoumba microcircuit, uye naizvozvo zvinotungamirira kumigumisiro isingatarisirwi, kusvika pakuputsika kwemafuta uye kukanganisa kwayo.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvekombiyuta ndeye microprocessor kana CPU (Central Processing Unit). Kana iwe ukatarisa mukati me system unit (casing), ipapo chipuro chikuru pane bhobhobhoyo inonyanya kushandura. Iro nguva dzose ine chando chinotonhora radiator uye fan fan. Nhamba yevatori vemazuva ano inogadzira mamiriyoni 500, saka kutarisa kwekushisa kunongoda chete. Iko kunotsanangurwa nguva dzose kunotsanangurira murefu weCCU yekukwirira, iyo isingafaniri kudarika. Somuenzaniso, kwemazuva ano Intel vashanduri "Tcase max" (masikati makuru ekushisa) zvinosvikira kusvika makumi matanhatu. Saizvozvowo, kupisa kunogamuchirwa kwepurogiramu ndiyo yose inokosha isingapfuuri "Tcase max", uye, iyo yakaderera iyo, iri nani.

Icho kutonhora kwepurogiramu kunobva pane:

• Mhepo inotonhora yepamhepo. Nekukura kwayo, kupisa kunopisa kunowedzera;
• Nzvimbo iyo inotarisana nayo ye radiator uye inoridzirwa. Ndokusaka maharairasi akanaka anobata rutivi rwepurotori rwakaputika kuti ruvhenekese;
• Generation processor. Zvitsva zvitsva zvinoshandiswa uchishandisa nzira yekuvandudza teknolojia, iyo inosanganisira kuderedza zvinhu zvinoumba chip;
• Supply voltage. Sezvo ikozvino uye magetsi, maererano nemutemo unozivikanwa zvikuru weA Ohm, zvakanamatira kune umwe neumwe, uye kuwedzera kwemasimba anhasi kunokonzera kuwedzera kwekushisa mumutevedzeri, zvinonzwisisika kuti pasi inotakura mutengo, kusanyanya kupisa. Tsika yekuderedza zviyero zvekugovera zvinonzwisisika muzvizvarwa zvose zvitsva zve microprocessors;
• Kakawanda kwekushanda kwayo. Izvo zvinowedzera kushandiswa kweprotori inoshandisa imwe nguva yenguva, iyo yakafanana, iyo inowedzera simba rinopisa richabudiswa.

Mukuwedzera kune zvose zviri pamusoro apa, kutonhora kwepurogiramu kunobva pane zvimwe zvikonzero, pane izvo zvatinofanira kunyanya kuona kutsigirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekambani. Vagadziri vave vachinzwisisa kwenguva refu kuti kutsika kwakadzika kwepurogiramu inogona kushanda sechinhu chinowedzera mukuda kutenga mabhizimisi avo. Nokudaro, vanyoro va "dzidziswa" kuderedza nguva yavo mukutadza kwekodzero yakawanda yekunyora, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemasimba nekudzivirira kusagadzikana kwemagetsi.