Molecular uremu: musimboti makemikari chinoratidza, nzira nokutsunga

The samolecular kurema ndiwo uremu kwemaatomu zvose zviri nhengo Morekuru. chakarurama ichi runoratidzwa amu (Atomic guru muzvikamu).

The kwemakemikari Dzimwe nguva ukoshi dzaona mu makirogiramu. Kuti izvi zvidaro, zvinonzi kane 1.66057 * 10 ^-27. nhamba iyi ndiyo 1 amu gobvu anoenderana 1/12 uye kurema rimwe atomu nuclide ¹² C. Kazhinji, kushandisa ari hama samolecular kurema, inova samolecular uremu reshiyo youremu mabhomba chimwe chikwata.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nhamba iyi ichabatsira kuti munguva vazhinji morekuru zvose isotopes kuti vanoumba runoenzanirana makemikari akakura.

The macroscopic chikwata yakawanda fuma, rinonzi "mol" chimwe kuramba nhamba inoramba - maatomu kana mamorekuru, imwe Erekitironi kana Ion yezvinoita. mari iyi ndiyo 6.022 * 10 ²³ (ainzi Avogadro rusingaperi). Kuti tiwane hama samolecular uremu, samolecular uremu anofanira kuwanda nokuwanda uye vagovane parutivi zvibereko Avogadro kugara uye mukanyiwa mabhomba chimwe chikwata.

Sezvo pakutsvaga samolecular kurema fuma?

Nzira nyore yokuziva parameter iri kushandisa chaiwo inonyatsoita, maererano iyo remubatanidzwa zvakakodzera uremu vakakamurwa nhamba yacho.

Kana tichiziva makemikari yokuita remubatanidzwa ane uremu samolecular iri nyore vakatsunga Via Periodic table, nokuti, ukoshi izvi zvinoratidzwa mumwe chinhu chacho tsamba ordinal nhamba. Zvaringana kuwana Verenga samolecular Zviidzo zvose zvinoumba papi.

Maererano nomutemo Avogadro vake, munyika zvakafanana magasi yaiva imwe nhamba ezvinhu zvacho. Pamusana mapatani dzakadaro Mendeleev-Clapeyron mukana wokuti vanhu vanga akanga hwokurara. Molecular guru gasi kunogona tsunga vachishandisa nzira. Nokuti Masvomhu unofanira kuziva zvakawanda zviratidzi - kurema fuma, waifarirwa gasi chenguva, tembiricha iri Kelvin, uye akamanikidzwa Pascals uye bhuku riri mamita ^3. Nokuda kwaizvozvi kuwanda umboo zvikanganiso dzemaitirwe iri shoma, asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mukana wokuti vanhu vanga pakati Mendeleev-Clapeyron chinoshanda chete gaseous zvinhu.

The samolecular kurema kugadzikana yeimwe zvinogona pakutsvaga vakawanda spectrometry kana gasi chromatography kushandisa gasi zviyereso Martin. Avhareji Kukosha indekisi ichi nokuda polymeric zvinhu rurefu polymerization dhigirii yakanga dzaona kwakavakirwa zvavo rheological maitiro uye zvivako zviri mhinduro dzavo (semuenzaniso, viscosity, kana chiedza vaparadzirwa kugona).

Yokusarudza samolecular uremu?

The kusanganiswa Kukosha ichi uwandu rinoshandiswa kuziva siyana makemikari uye kuziva mumwe nucleotides pabvunzo fuma. Kunze makemikari chakarurama zvinowanzooneka pakutsvaga ubanguranyika uye kwetunhu macromolecular yeimwe, kureva ehupfumi pakuti parameter ichi.