Miti ndeye chestnut, dzimba dzavo uye chikamu

Miti yemacheka yakadanwa denga, mamiriro ekugadzirwa kweiyo akaomeswa steppes. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinonzi chestnut ivhu, iyo yakagadzirwa sei, iyo yakajairika, verenga munyaya ino.

Ndekupi uye sei masango emadzikiti akaumbwa sei?

Nzvimbo inotangira inomira steppes yakaoma nemamiriro ekunze, kusanaya kwakakwana, kubuda kukuru. Nheyo dzomusango dzinoumbwa pasi peganda rakapfava, saka sod process hapa haina kusimbiswa mukuenzanisa ne chernozem zone. Kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu ekudzikisa kunobva mukusava nesimba kana kusimba sod process icharatidzwa.

Kuratidzwa kwaro kwakanyanya kunoratidzwa nechokuchamhembe kwenharaunda iyo nzvimbo dzakawanda dze humus-yakawanda inoumbwa - denga rekrisiti. Nokufambisa kuenda kumaodzanyemba, kuoma kwemamiriro ekunze kunowedzera. Pane kuchinja kwemiti iyi muvhu chechignut, uye kusvika mune chiedza chevhu chesitini, zvinyorwa zve humus zviri pasi, kubwinya kwehupamhi zvishoma.

Kana pane dutu shoma uye ivhu rakashambidzwa zvishoma, mishonga yemunyu yekugadzira ivhu haikwanisi kupinda mukati, saka inoramba iri pamusoro. Nekunyangarika kwakanyanya kwezvirimwa pamwe nemakemikisi akadaro se calcium, silicon, magnesium, alkali midziyo inosunungurwawo muhuwandu hwakawanda. Nemhaka yekuti kuvapo kwavo muvhu kunotanga kukudza solonetsousness. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chekugadzira ivhu mumhepo inowanikwa munzvimbo ye steppe pamwe nemamiriro okunze akaoma ndeokuti iyo solonetsous process inowanikwa pamusoro payo.

Mhando dzevhu mune dzakaoma steppes

• Chernozems iri kumaodzanyemba uye ndeyevanhu.
• Dark chestnut.
• Chetnut.
• Chiedza chechiedza.

I-chernozems uye mheta yevhuti inopfuurira kubva kumadokero kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweAltai. Kumabvazuva kweAltai kune zvitsuwa zviduku zviduku munzvimbo yezvigadziro, kuSelenga uye East-Transbaikalian steppes. Iyi ivhu yakapararira mumatunhu eCaspian uye kuKazakhstan, munzvimbo yezvikomo zvishomanana.

Kuenzanisira: chernozems inotora 8.5% yenharaunda yeRussia steppes, uye danda rekemniti - chete 3. Chikamu chikuru che chernozems ndicho chakakwirira che humus. Zvimwe zvinonzi chernozems zvinoratidzwa nekudzika kwakadzika kwemvura pasi. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti denga rekumusoro revhu rakanyatsorongedzwa nemvura, pasi rezasi nemvura yepasi, uye pakati pavo inenge yakaoma. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera pakuumbwa kwe chernozem uye chestnut ivhu.

Muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chevhu chekemitini, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekupisa, mazvikwata anotevera anozivikanwa: kushambidzika, kuenzanisa, kudzika-kutonhora. Mukuwedzera, mukati memutsara wakasiyana, ivhu rakakamurwa kuva genera. Izvi zvakajairika, solonetsous, alkaline-solonchak, residual-solonetzic, carbonate, carbonate-solonetzic. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti danda rekemniti yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana rine kuratidzika kwakasiyana kwezviratidzo zvezvose zvinokonzerwa nekugadzikana uye kusaronchakiness.

Soil dark chestnut

Ivo vanobatwa nechokumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo. Denga remhino yekrisiti inoratidzirwa nechimiro chinonzi lumpy kana chimiro chinonzi greyular chimiro chekumusoro kwe humus pamusoro pemhandara dzenyika, uye pamusoro penzvimbo dzakasviba ivhu rinotyisa-lumpy. Izvo zvinoitika zve gypsum uye nyore nyore kusungunusa salita zvinowanikwa pakadzika anenge mamita maviri. Unhu hunonzi chestnut ivhu harigoneki pasina tsanangudzo yehupamhi hwemvura inonzi humus horizon. Pavhu ivhu rinosvika masentimita makumi mashanu. Muvhu re solonetsous muzasi, chikamu chinonzi humus chinowedzera. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nekuti iyo inowedzerwa ne colloidal particles.

Chinhu chinokonzera uye chinokonzera chine mhepo yakasviba chestnut. Nzvimbo dzavo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuwedzera kwevononetsousness yekumusoro. Izvo zviso zvakarongeka zvine maruva ane ruvara rwebhurukoni. Mhando yejononetsous mhepo yakasvibirira inowanikwa mumarudzi anotevera:

• Kwete-oga. Vanodya kusvika kusvika ku3 muzana sodium kubva muhuwandu hwekutsvaga.
• Dombo rakanyanyisa solonetsous - 3-5 muzana.
• Pakati pe solonetzic - 5-10.
• Yakasimba solonetsous - 10-15.

Zviratidzo zvemajaya emhinoti

• Saline-solonchak Denga remavara rakasviba rinoreva zvakasimba saline matombo. Pakadzika kwemita mita, zviri mukati memvura-sorouble salts inowedzera.
• Mune dongo re resional-solonetsous, zvakagadziriswa zve sodium is imperceptible. Pano solonetsousness ndeyekugarisa unhu.
• Munzvimbo ye solonetz-solodized, chikamu chepamusoro kana chechikamu chekumusoro kwe humus ine zviratidzo zve solodization, iyo inomiririrwa nehutuousous powder pazviso zvemuumbi.

• Nzvimbo dzomukati dzomukati dzinokwidziridzwa kwekatekiti kumusoro. Nzvimbo yekuumbwa kwavo ndeyekutakura matombo.
• Kuumbwa kwenyika carbonate-solonetsous inowanikwa pane saline matombo ane chiremera chemajini . Denga rine huwandu hwehuwandu uye kuwedzera kuwedzera kweporofita. Kana ichinge yakanyoroveswa, inotanga kuvhara nekumira.

Zvinoshandiswa nekasiketi yevhu

Rinosiyaniswa nehupamhi hwe humus horizon. Munzvimbo dzomukati dzomukati iyi chiyero cha 30-40 centimita. Kazhinji carbonates inounganidza pakadzika kwemasentimita makumi mashanu, gypsum - 170, uye inogadziriswa mumvura salt - pakadzika mamita maviri. Iyi denga ine zvinhu zvakafanana zvakadai sezvinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa.

Nzvimbo yechiedza chekasi

Nharaunda yekuumbwa kwavo ndiyo chikamu chekumaodzanyemba chema steppes akaoma, anogarwa neguruva uye mbeu dzekudya. Iyi denga inoumbwa mumamiriro ekunze akasviba. Ukuru hwemvura ye humus ishoma - 25-30 masentimita. Icho chinopesana mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisina kumira uye kushambiswa kusina simba. Nemhaka yeizvi, carbonate yakasara iri pedo nepamusoro. Kubva kwegypsum kusvika kune 1 mamita 20 masentimita. Mune ivhu iri, nyore nyore kusunungura marata kuunganidza zvizhinji, saka zviratidzo zvekugadzirisa zviri kwose kwose. Kwete solonetsous chestnut ivhu rinogona kuwanika kazhinji.

Nzvimbo yepamusoro yevhu iyi ine chiedza chakajeka, chimiro chayo chakasununguka. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemoyo. Mwenje yechiedza chechiedza chinoparadzaniswa nejeri pamwe nevamwe. Solonetsity uye solonchakiness mumhepo yakaoma inowanzotaurwa uye ndeyemunharaunda.

Shandisa

Mhepo yakasviba, kunyanya rima chestnut, ine zvigadziri zvakakwana zvekudya. Icho chinobereka kwazvo. Inokura gorosi, mapira, zviyo, sunflower, mavhinga uye zvirimwa zvemashizha. Iko kune zvakawanda zvakanyanya kana phosphorus, potashi, nitrogen fertilizer inowanikwa muvhu uye unyoro hunochengeterwa mairi.

Nzvimbo yekateti isina masikati kana mashizha mashoma inowanzoshandiswa kune hayfields, mafuro, nekudyisa nyika. Asi iyo yakakodzerwawo nekurima kwemaitiro anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Panzvimbo dzevhu dzomukati, zvirimwa zvakasiyana siyana zvinogona kukura chete nekudiriwa nguva dzose.

Nzvimbo dzomukati dzomusango dzinoratidzwa nekuberekwa kusingagoneki. Nokudaro, chigadzirwa chemakemikari uye yezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera. Dzimwe nguva zvakakwana kukarima nyika zvakadzama.

Kukanganisika

• Chiedza chechiedza, chikwata uye saronetzic ivhu remakumbo ane humus layer yepasi. Izvi hazvikwanisi kupa mudzi wepamusoro nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai.
• Nzvimbo yakanyoroveswa isiri yakajeka. Izvi zvinokanganisa hurumende yemvura yevhu uye inodzivirira midzi yemiti kubva mukati inopinda mukati.
• Mavhuro evhu anowedzera kuwanda kwemaarkali, izvo zvinokonzera kudikanwa kwekumanikidza ivhu risati rashandiswa.
• Denga rezvikepe rinoshaya unyoro uye mishonga, kunyanya chikwata chechiedza.

Munhu anofanira kubatsira chibhokisi, pasi-simba, nzvimbostructural uye solonetzic ivhu kuti ave nesimba, akapfuma mu humus uye mishonga. Zvinotarisirwa kudiridza ivhu kuti rizadze mvura yaro yakachengetwa, kuunza huni uye mineral fertilizer mukati maro, uye kucherechedza maitiro emangwana ekugadzirwa kwekombiyuta.