Kemikemu yakagadzirwa sero

Iyo yakasimbiswa kuti makumi masere nematanhatu zvinyorwa zve periodic system zvinogara zviripo mumuviri womunhu. Kuti uchengetedze hupenyu, makumi maviri neshanu zvikamu zvinodikanwa, izvo gumi nemasere zvakanyatsokodzera, uye zvinomwe zvinoshanda.

Sero kemikemikari yakadai se nitrogen uye hydrogen, kabhoni uye oksijeni inobata anenge 98% yehuwandu hwayo. Zvimwe zvezvimwe zvikamu zviduku zvikuru. Saka, somuenzaniso, sulfuri iripo muhuwandu hwe 0.15-0.2%, uye mugove weIodine ndewe 0.000001% chete.

Icho chemikemikari inonzi sero inosanganisira mamolekemu emafuta, nucleic acids, makhahydrates, mapuroteni, carbon dioxide, oksijeni nemvura. Chii chinonzi chimiro, muchimiro chisina kufanana, zvose izvi zvikamu pamwe chete hazvigoni kuwanikwa kupi zvako.

Nucleic acids, iyo iri chikamu chemakemikari esero, ndiyo nheyo ye ribonucleic uye deoxyribonucleic acids. DNA uye RNA ndezvokuchengetedza mazita ezve genetic (hereditary).

Mapuroteni anopa kuve kwemasero uye, kuwedzera, anobatsira pakuita kwebasa ravo. Chikamu chepuroteni chinokonzera hafu yeoma yakaoma yesero.

Izvo zvikamu zvakakura zvemakemikari zvinosanganisira amino acids. Pamusana pemasikirwo emakemikari uye emakemikari pakati peamino acid, mapuroteni ari akanyatsopinda mukati memusero.

Chimiro chikuru cheprotini chinoratidzika se thread. Pakupedzisira (sekugadzirwa), imwe yechipiri (inenge-yakafanana-yakadaro) inoumbwa, inoteverwa nedzidziso yepamusoro yepamusoro yakafanana neyo fibril (tambo) kana globule (bhora). Apo mamwe maamolekemu akabatanidzwa pamwe chete kana kana achibatana neproprotein nonprotein, quaternary maitiro anoitika. Saka, semuenzaniso, hemoglobin molecule inoumbwa. Inosanganisira globin (protein) uye heme, chikamu chesina-protein chinotanga nesimbi.

Maererano nechinangwa chehupenyu, mapuroteni akaparadzana kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Maitiro enhengo ndeyeboka rokutanga. Izvo zvipenyu zvinokonzera kushandiswa kwemakemikari. Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira vamiririri, mahomoni uye mamwe mapuroteni "chaiwo". Boka rechitatu rinosanganisira makoromlekari. Izvo zvakakosha zvekuvandudzwa nekudzorerwa kwezvinhu izvo zvinoumba makemikari emukati.

Nhengo idzi dzine phospholipid (mafuta maserolekemu). Mafuta anobatsira pakuchengetedza kupisa, kuva chekudzivirira moto. Kukosha kwavo mukuwana mvura hakusi kukosha. Zvinonzwisisika kuti kana kupisa kiki yemafuta, imwe kirogiramu nezana zana magamu emvura inowanikwa. Mukuwedzera, aya mafuta ayo, ayo ari chikamu chemakemikari esero, inzvimbo isingagoni kushandiswa.

Simba rinogadzirwawo nema carbohydrates, kunyanya glucose uye polymer-glycogen. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti simba rinokosha remafuta rakapetwa katanhatu kupfuura iro glycogen. Muchiitiko ichi, zvigaro zvayo mumasumbu uye chiropa zvinenge makumi matatu zvishoma.

Mvura inopindawo mumakemikari esero. Iyo yakasimbiswa kuti kunyange mune mazino enamel (iyo yakaoma kwazvo mumuviri) ine gumi yezana yemvura. Mune masero akawanda, H2O inosvika makumi manomwe kusvika makumi masere kubva muzana, mumasero emasero iyo makumi maviri kubva muzana.

Mvura, sezvinozivikanwa, inoshandiswa pasi rose. Nekubatanidzwa kweH2O, mutemo wekupisa unoitwa. Uyewo, zvose zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu hwemagetsi zvinowanikwa mairi. Mvura inogadzirisa zvinhu zvakawanda. Semuenzaniso, kusununguka, ivhu uye mamwe maitiro anosimbiswa. Mukuwedzera, mvura inobatanidzwa mukubviswa kwezvinhu zvinosvibisa, kutakura kwezvakakwana, oksijeni nezvimwe, zvinokurudzira mastabolism.

Mukushanda kwesimba shanduko, okisijeni inopinda masero. Icho chinhu chakasimba chemhuka inoshandiswa. Imwe yezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvekufema kwema cell is carbon dioxide.