Mikhail Zoshchenko: upenyu, okugadzira zvinhu. Stories vana

Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich, akakurumbira Russian munyori uye munyori wemitambo, akaberekwa muna 1894, July 29 (maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa, muna 1895), St. Petersburg. baba vake aiva vadzingi yokudhirowa, uye mai vake - imwe mutambi. Chokutanga tichataura nezvekuti paiva upenyu ane munyori, Mikhail Zoshchenko. Biography akapa pazasi anorondedzera zvikuru zviitiko hwake. Taura nezvazvo, tava kuenda tsananguro Mikhail Mikhailovich.

Education in jimunasiyamu uye St. Petersburg Institute

Vabereki muna 1903, akapa mwanakomana wake kudzidza pana St. Petersburg chikoro nhamba 8. Michael Zoshchenko, vane Biography inogona anosikwa kusanganisira pahwaro zvake kuyeuka uye mabasa, ndichizivisa makore iwayo, akacherechedza kuti akadzidza chaizvo zvakaipa, kunyanya mumutauro weRussia. Nokuti Pakunyora bvunzo, akanzwa mumwe. Zvisinei, Mikhail anoti kunyange panguva iyoyo aida kuva munyori. Asi chete pachake nokusika Mikhail Zoshchenko nyaya uye nhetembo.

Upenyu dzimwe nguva gangaidzo. Akatanga kunyora nemakore mapfumbamwe, remangwana inozivikanwa munyori - zvikuru laggard ari mudzidzi kirasi mutauro Russian! Underachievement zvaiita chinoshamisa kwaari. Zoschenko Mihail Mihaylovich anoti panguva ino kunyange aida kuzviuraya. Zvisinei, zvaitika kwayo inochengeterwa.

Ndapedza muna 1913, munyori ramangwana akapfuurira kudzidza muSt Petersburg University, rorusununguko Mutemo. Pashure pegore asiri kubhadhara muripo mari yechikoro, akanga akadzingwa ikoko. Zoshchenko aifanira kuenda kubasa. Akatanga basa Caucasian njanji mugwagwa foromani.

yehondo

Urongwa upenyu hwakakanganiswa neWorld War First. Michael akasarudza kutsvaga muchiuto. First akava kadheti wechi uye akaenda Pavlovsk Military School, ipapo kudzidza kubva mwedzi mina nyanyisa namapoka, akaenda mberi.

Zoshchenko akacherechedza kuti akanga asina nyika manzwiro, akanga asingagoni kugara refu panzvimbo imwe. Zvisinei, panguva pabasa, Mikhail scored. Akanga ubatanidzwe hondo dzakawanda, akanga gassed, vakakuvara. Vakatanga kuitawo nevaiita pachinzvimbo chevatatu nomureza, Zoshchenko atova mukuru yakati yapararira kune kuchengeterwa (chikonzero - migumisiro gasi nomuchetura). Uyezve, akanga with 4 Medals kuti Military makodzero.

Kudzokera Petrograd

Mikhail, vakadzokera Petrograd, akasangana VV-Kerbits Kerbitskoy, mudzimai wake ramangwana. Mushure February Revolution Zoshchenko akagadzwa musoro neteregirafu uye tsamba, uyewo wehondo Main Post Office. Next aiva rwendo Arkhangelsk, basa mubatsiri bhurigedhi, uyewo nesananguro Mikhail Mikhailovich nevanyori regimental dare.

Basa iri Red Army

Zvisinei, rugare upenyu hwakakanganiswa zvakare - nguva ino chimurenga uye hondo yevagari kwakatevedzana. Mikhail Mikhailovich akatumira mberi. Somuzvipiri, akapinda Red Army (mu January 1919). Inoshanda sechiratidzo regimental mubatsiri chehondo ari kumaruwa murombo. Zoshchenko munyaya hondo Narva kuzorwa Yamburg uye Bulak-Balakhovich. Pashure chemwoyo, Mikhail Mikhailovich aifanira demobilize uye kudzokera Petrograd.

Zoshchenko munguva kubva muna 1918 kusvika 1921 chikatsiviwa vazhinji mabasa. Zvadaro, iye akanyora kuti akaedza rwake panguva inenge 10-12 emaoko. Akashanda mupurisa, uye muvezi, uye shangu, uye mutumwa Criminal Investigation Department.

Life mumakore runyararo

Munyori muna January 1920, unopukunyuka rufu mai. Chete gore muchato wake zvinosanganisira Kerbits-Kerbitskoy. Pamwe chete, iye chinofamba mumugwagwa. B. Zelenin. The mhuri Zoschenko mwanakomana Valery akaberekwa muna May 1922. Mikhail Mikhailovich muna 1930 seconded pamwe chikwata vanyori kuBaltic Shipyard.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II

Mikhail Zoshchenko pakutanga hondo akanyora mashoko ari raakakumbira kunyoresa naye Red Army. Zvisinei, zviri kuramba - iri kuzivikanwa sezvo kukodzera muchiuto. Zoshchenko kutakura ane Anti-yechiFascist mabasa havasi muhondo. Zvinoita munhu Anti-hondo nyaya satirical uye muzviparidze mupepanhau, kutumira Radio. Muna 1941, muna October, iye akatizira Aruma-Ata, uye papera mwedzi akava mushandi "Mosfilm", kushanda Studio kuitika dhipatimendi.

kutambudzwa

Zoshchenko muna 1943 akadana kuMoscow. Ikoko aida kutora nzvimbo "garwe" mupepeti. Zvisinei, Mikhail anoramba kudzidza. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye ane nhengo wedzero revatungamiriri "garwe". Nechokunze, zvose anotarira zvakanaka. Asi pashure penguva yakati pamusoro musoro Mikhail kutanga kuwedzera kuti thicken makore: nayo rinobviswa nyaya puranga, vari adzingwa hotels, kunyimwa chikafu govera. Kuramba kutambudzwa. Tikhonov N. S. pamusoro ssp plenum kunyange acharwisa Zoshchenko nyaya "Sunrise Before." Writer kushanda kwete kudhinda, asi achiri hwakatangwa muna 1946 maererano wedzero revatungamiriri "nyeredzi."

August 14, 1946 - the apotheosis kuti dzinokanganisa zvayo zvose uye muchichinjana. Zvino anosiya Mutongo Central Committee of CPSU (b) kubva magazini "Leningrad" uye "Star". Pashure paizvozvo Zoshchenko adzingwa Writers 'Union, uyewo kunyimwa nemakadhi zvokudya. Panguva iyi chikonzero kuti kurwisa chaizvo vasingakoshi - nyaya chevana Zoshchenko rinonzi "The Adventures munhu tsoko." All magazini, rokubudisa dzimba dzemitambo pashure chirevo anobva audza kondirakiti akagumisa navo ambotaurwa, vachirayira kudzoka kupfimbwa akabhadhara. Family Zoschenko njodzi. Iye anomanikidzwa kugara yacho kubva pakutengeswa pachavo zvinhu mari. Munyori anoedza kuti chikwata vanogadzira shangu. Govera kadhi iye pakupedzisira akadzoka. Uyezve, Michael Zoshchenko rinobudisa nyaya uye satires (kwete zvose). Zvisinei, kuti upenyu panguva ino kunodikanwa huru basa rokushandura.

Mikhail Zoshchenko Anokwanisa kupora chete Writers 'Union pashure Stalin afa. A chiitiko chinokosha kunoitika June 23, 1953 - munyori apiwa vakabvuma kuti Union. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina mugumo. Mikhail Mikhailovich muchidimbu vakabudirira nguva ino kugara nhengo.

May 5, 1954 yaiva chiitiko yenhamo. Anna Akhmatova, uye akakumbirwa kuti nhasi House of munyori, iyo aifanira kuva musangano revadzidzi Chirungu. Writer pairi akataura pachena kusawirirana kwavo kupomera raparurwa pamusoro pake. Chikuva idzva kunetsa anouya pashure peizvi. mumatambudziko ose aya sei kukundikana utano hwake. Kakabudiswa September 7, 1953 inoti "The chokwadi pachena chokwadi" chaiva chokupedzisira uswa. zita emunyori ipapo anoita risisiri inotaurwa. Inenge mwedzi miviri akazosvika zvachose. Zvisinei, Mikhail Mikhailovich muna November kupa pamwe magazini maviri - "Leningrad almanac" uye "garwe". A boka rose vanyori inokwira kuna achizvidzivirira: Chukovsky, Kaverin, Svondo Ivanov, Tikhonov. Muna 1957, muna December, akasunungura "akasarudza nyaya enganonyorwa 1923-1956 gg.". Zvisinei, muviri uye epfungwa kumunyori iri kuipa. A unopinza kuderera mune masimba ake kuenda kutsime 1958 Zoshchenko anorasikirwa kufarira muupenyu.

rufu Zoschenko

July 22, 1958 akafa Mikhail Zoshchenko. Kunyange pashure pokufa muviri wake pasi kunyadziswa; hazvina kupiwa mvumo akamuviga Leningrad. Madota munyori chiri Sestroretsk.

Mikhail Zoshchenko nyaya ane upenyu chakatsaurwa kuti chikamu ichi nyaya yokutanga, akasiya guru okusika nhaka. nzira yake ari munyori kwaisava nyore. Tinopa tinyatsoziva sei kumhuka ayo okusika zvichaguma. Uyezve, uchadzidza chii chakaita Michael Zoshchenko nyaya vana uye chii maitiro avo.

rokusika nzira

Zoshchenko nokushingaira akatanga kunyora mushure muchiuto muna 1919. kuedza ake okutanga vakanga chaiko-dzinonetsa nyaya. The "Petersburg Almanac" nyaya yake yokutanga rinowanika 1921.

Serapion hama

Boka rinonzi "Serapion Brothers" Zoshchenko akatungamirira muna 1921 chido kuva nyanzvi munyori. Zvisinei, ichi boka kungwaririra mafungiro kutsoropodzwa, akataura kuti pakati pavo Zoshchenko - "simba kupfuura" nhamba. Mikhail Slonimsky akashanda musimboti chakapatsanurwa, izvo vakanamatira nezvitendero kuti vanofanira kudzidza kubva Russian tsika yacho - Lermontov, Gogol, Pushkin. Zoshchenko aitya mumabhuku "anokudzwa kudzorerwa," anodaro Alexander Blok "Knight of neshungu chiso" uye akaisa tariro yake muna mabhuku ane umhare pathos. In "Alcon" muna May 1922, akauya wokutanga almanac Serapions, yakabudiswa nyaya na Mikhail Mikhailovich. A "Stories Nazar Ilyich, Va Bluebelly" - bhuku akava ake kuzvimirira bhuku rokutanga.

Zvinoitwa mangwanani okugadzira zvinhu

School A. P. chehova akanga palpable mukutanga mabasa Zoshchenko. Izvi Somuenzaniso, nyaya dzakadai se "Hove mukadzi", "Hondo", "Rudo" uye vamwe. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza vakauramba. Zoshchenko vaiona dzisingapindirani zvinodiwa muverengi ano mufananidzo mukuru Chekhov kuti pfupi nyaya. Aida kutamba mumutauro "nemarongerwo mumigwagwa ... vanhu." Zoshchenko vaiona ini munhu kwenguva pfupi unotsiva proletarian munyori.

A guru boka vanyori 1927 akasika munhu seboka kuzivisa. Kwake chaiko uye aesthetic nzvimbo itsva yakanga pachena. Zoshchenko aiva pakati pevaya ndarisaina. Akabudisa panguva ino periodicals (kunyanya satirical magazini "laughers", "Hippo", "Kayamba Africa," "Buzoter", "Amanita", "Inspector General" uye vamwe.). Zvisinei, kwete zvose vakaenda zvakanaka. Nokuda pfupi nyaya "The risingafadzi nyaya" M.Zoshchenko zvichipomerwa "enyika chinokuvadza" achitorwa muna June 1927, magazini "Hippo" nhamba. Zvishoma nezvishoma yakatakura kunze liquidation kwaiita mabhuku. In Leningrad muna 1930 yakavharwa uye "Inspector", ekupedzisira ane satirical magazini. Zvisinei, Mikhail haana kurega uye vanosarudza kuramba kushanda.

Mbiri panhivi mbiri

Kubva magazini "garwe" Iye collaborates kubva 1932. Panguva ino, Mikhail Zoshchenko anounganidza zvinhu nokuda yokufungidzira ake vanoda "The Kudzoka pauduku", uyewo kudzidza mabhuku mushonga, psychoanalysis uye physiology. mabasa ake vava yaizivikanwa, kunyange kunyika dzekumadokero. Zvisinei, mukurumbira ichi chaiva marapirwo. In Germany muna 1933, Zoshchenko mabhuku pachena maererano yaHitler paruzhinji blacklist Autos.

mabasa matsva

Munguva USSR, panguva iyoyo yava akadhindwa uye akaisa pachikuva mutambo Michael Zoshchenko "Cultural Heritage". "Blue Book", chimwe chezvinhu akakurumbira mabhuku ake, rakabudiswa kutanga muna 1934. Kuwedzera enganonyorwa, nyaya pfupi uye kunokosha Zoshchenko akanyorawo satires uye nhoroondo enganonyorwa ( "Taras Dzhafarova", "Kerensky", "nokutsividza," "Black Muchinda", etc.). Uyezve, anosika nyaya vana ( "Smart Animals", "Ambuya Chipo", "Christmas muti", etc.).

Vana nyaya Zoshchenko

Mikhail Zoshchenko akanyora nyaya vana vakawanda vake. Vakanga yakabudiswa nguva kubva 1937 kusvika 1945. Ava, vamwe vaiva mumwe mabasa, vamwe vakanga vakabatana mu zvinogara. Kutenderera "Lola uye Minka" anova kukurumbira mukurusa.

Muna 1939 - 1940. Mikhail Zoshchenko akasika dzino mabasa. nechivako Its inotevedzera nyaya aisanganisira: "Mashoko Golden," "vafambi kukuru", "Tsvakai", "Makore makumi matatu," "Regai nhema", "galoshes uye aizikirimu," "Ambuya Chipo", "Krisimasi muti". Kwete mukana wokubatanidza navo rimwe kutenderera, Mikhail Zoshchenko. An akapfupikiswa pamwechete shanduro zvigadzirwa izvi zvinotungamirira pakugumisa kuti vane zvimwe, kureva nezvifananidzo vanonyanya kutaurwa. Chinhu chiduku Minka uye Lola, hanzvadzi yake.

nyaya iri kubva chiso narrator wacho. mufananidzo wake hakuna muduku kunakidza pane magamba nyaya Mihaila Zoschenko. Uyu munhu mukuru uyo anoyeuka anorayiridza uye enyambo Zvikamu kubva pauduku. Ona kuti pakati munyori uye narrator vane zvakafanana (kunyange zita rakafanana, uye pane kunoratidza basa emunyori). Kusvikira Zvakangoitikawo wakakwana zvisinei asingadi kusvika. ari narrator zviri yakasiyana chaizvo munyori. chimiro ichi inonzi mabhuku nhoroondo ngano. Akanga zvichinyanya kushanda mune mabhuku Soviet Union 20-30-ies. Panguva ino, tsika yose yakanga yakasiyana propensity kuti manyorero uye mitauro kwacho.

In idzi, sezvataurwa ne S. Ya. Marshak, munyori kwete chete anovanza netsika. Anotaura pamwe kutendeseka zvose mundima, uye dzimwe nguva ari musoro nemabasa ( "Musareverana nhema"). Zvisinei, nyaya iyi hauzoti didactic. zvinosetsa kwavo kuchengetedza, nguva dzose chisingatarisirwi, uye kunyanya zvakakomba, tinoberekwa Zoshchenko. At moyo zvaisafungidzirwa zvinosetsa pakati Mikhail Mikhailovich chinhu witty Parody.

Nhasi kupfuura mukurumbira mabasa mazhinji akanga akanyorwa Mikhail Zoshchenko. mabhuku ake vari kuchikoro ivo, kudiwa vana nevakuru. Nzira mabhuku ake haana nyore, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye njodzi nevamwe vanyori uye vadetembi panguva yaitonga Soviet Union zhinji. Twentieth Century - a yakaoma munhau, asi kunyange mumakore ehondo kwave mabasa mazhinji kuti vava Classics mabhuku Russian. Biography kumunyori mukuru Mikhail Zoshchenko, pfupiso tariro yedu, kuti iwe kufarira basa rake.