Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich: Biography, mapikicha

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, ane Biography kwakabatana Soviet nhetembo, upenyu hwake akapiwa basa kwete miziyamu, asiwo ake mamiriro. Mabhuku vatsoropodzi zvimwe kurondedzera kuna "Danho rechipiri" vamwe vadetembi Russian, ukuwo nyanduri ane inzwi rake, yakawanda Kubudirira okusika uye unhu.

Uduku uye Family

November 22, 1896 muSt Petersburg akaberekwa Nikolai Tikhonov, pfupi Biography chinorondedzerwa neshoko rimwe: "Mudetembi", uye tsamba guru. mavambo Its hakuna raifananidzira pakusarudza nzira dzakadaro mune ramangwana. Wakazviratidza nyore chaizvo uye anozvininipisa mumhuri. baba vake aiva nyore bhabha, uye mai vake - zvokusona. mhuri mari yakanga kupfuura mwero, mari haawanzotauri zvinokwana zvakafanira zvavanoda. Vaigara yakakurumbira imba musi Morskaya Street, apo kamwe paiva Pushkin uye sydäntä. Asi panguva Tikhonov raiva musha varombo: duku rima mukamuri, neparafini chiedza, munhu wenhamo mamiriro ezvinhu. Mumhepo iyo nyanduri ramangwana vakakura, vasina nzira kuti paumbwe rudo ounyanzvi. Vabereki chaizvoizvo masendi unganidzwa kupa vana dzinenge imwe dzidzo shoma.

kudzidza

Tihonov Nikolay vakadzidza kushanda vakazvimiririra kuverenga nokunyora mumakore manomwe. Zvadaro vabereki vangu vakawana nzira uye akatuma mukomana kudzidza pachena kuchikoro musi Post Office Street. Iye aifarira kuverenga, kunyanya kufarira nokuda nhoroondo yaro uye jogirafi. Akabva akakwanisa kuramba nedzidzo yake Trade kuchikoro, asi pazera remakore 15 aifanira kusiya semhuri pakutambudzika rubatsiro, uye aitofanira kuenda kubasa. More kudzidza kuti adzokere kumbobvira zvaitika. Kutaura chokwadi Tikhonov akanga achizvipa kudzidziswa, akavhomora zivo yake kubva mumabhuku, zviri chinonakidza basa pamusoro kunyika kure uye adventures vakamutinha kusvika kumusoro mabhuku basa.

kutanga enzira

Ndapedza chikoro, Nicholas akaenda kunoshanda ari munyori akangwara zvoupfumi utariri kwegungwa. Pazera 19, akaenda muchiuto, makore matatu akashanda ari Hussars, mudetembi paChikoro hondo World War First. Muna 1918, pashure pokunge October Revolution Tikhonov wevashumiri Dzvuku Army, mukati mumakore matatu pakudzivirira kodzero itsva Soviet State.

debut ake detembo kubudikidza Nikolai Tikhonov akanyora mangwanani kwazvo, ava nemakore 18 dzaakanyora mabasa ekutanga. bhuku rake rokutanga akazviratidza paaiva nemakore 22 okuberekwa. Muna 1922, Nicholas muchiuto kubva mauto uye anoita chisarudzo yenhamo kuva munyori. Panguva ino akanga inobatanawo chains-garde mabhuku kuitika, inova bato kuti sangano "Serapion Brothers" pamwe nevanyori akadai Kaverin, Zoshchenko, Fedin, Slonimsky. Munguva Tikhonov hunotifambira zvakasimba acmeism uye Gumilev.

Makore kubudirira

Mukutanga 1920s, Nikolai Tikhonov, pikicha iri kazhinji glimpsed pachaunga Soviet, iri boka matarenda uye dzakakurumbira chaizvo vadetembi. Iye rinobudisa kuti nhetembo "wechiSami" kuunganidza "Horde" uye "Braga". Ake "Ballad wezvipikiri" chaizvoizvo anonzwisisa masirogani uye prices. Kubvira mukupera 20-ies Tikhonov anofamba zvizhinji, vakashanyira Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan uye Turkmenistan. Akaita shamwari dzakawanda vanyanduri ari pamapatya chinoda uye iyi inoita zvakawanda shanduro yechiGeorgian, Dagestan, Belarus, Uzbek, Ukrainian mashoko. Muna 1935 akatumirwa kuFrance reCongress, "Kutsigira nyika." Sezvo nyanduri rave achishingaira vakatsigira mutsara webato uye hurumende, Anokwanisa kubudisa zvakawanda, kufamba, kutaura paruzhinji. , Iye Muna 1939, Tikhonov zvakare akanyorwa muuto paChikoro Russian-Finnish War ave hondo dzomupepanhau uye mupepeti "Kurwira Motherland". Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II akazoshanda Political Administration of Leningrad Front. Panguva ino akanyora zvakawanda nhetembo uye prose, uye nhau.

ari yepashure pehondo

Pashure pehondo, Nikolai Tikhonov, mudetembi ane inopenya mugari, anopa zvakawanda simba mumagariro basa. Kubvira 1949, iye akananga Soviet Peace Committee, uye ipapo World Peace Council. Panguva ino, anoita chaizvo dzimwe kuvhakacha Europe uye China. Kubvira 1944, kushanda sachigaro Union of Soviet Writers, uye ipapo anopinda yepamusoro panhengo utungamiriri wezvokutengeserana mubatanidzwa. Kubvira muna 1946, mumakore akanga Mutevedzeri Supreme Soviet of RSFSR, Moscow Soviet. Anonyora iyi, Tikhonov ndiyo ndoda nguva unoparadza Zvinotambudza vavengi Party mutsetse. Muna 1947, akanga achishingaira muzvirongwa kurwisa cosmopolitanism, pokutsoropodza bhuku "Pushkin uye World Literature". Zvishoma nezvishoma chitandadzo misangano, congresses uye zvesimba kunotora nguva yake yose, izvozvo izzhivaya nyanduri.

enhetembo nhaka

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, ane Biography hunonyatsobatana nezviremera Soviet, akasiya asina kupfuma zvikuru, asi dzinonakidza enhetembo nhaka. In mikwende ake kupfuura 10 nhetembo, kupfuura inozivikanwa zvacho "pachavo" uye "Chiratidzo". Zvaakasika 10 muunganidzwa nhetembo Copyright. Zvikuru chinozikamwa vaiva "gumi ballads", "Braga" uye "mumvuri shamwari." Mabasa okupedzisira emakore vakanga zvakare kupendwa dzematongerwe, izvo akaderedza zvikuru kupinda kwavo uye unyanzvi ukoshi. nhetembo yake kwagara uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika chairwo, ehurumende kufarira vakaratidza zvakajeka uye zvinobudirira. Pashure pehondo, akasarudza musoro mukuru basa rake - ndiwo upenyu uye zvakaitika vanhuwo murume. Musoja, mwanakomana wehove, mumwe murimi - mudetembi anotsvaka kuudza nezvemanzwiro avo kuda Motherland, kuti vazive kuva pokugadzwa guru mamiriro vanhu simba uye kururamisira.

Prose Tikhonov

Kuwedzera nhetembo, akanyora Tihonov Nikolay yakawanda prose, uye dzimwe nyaya pfupi uye essays vakuru simba mashoko ake nokuda tarenda. prose ake - ronga kudzokera hope uduku nefemero. Saka, nyaya "Vamberi" rinotaura pamusoro adventures ose Orientalist uye mufambi. Vamwe nyaya ake enganonyorwa vakafanana Rudyard Kipling. Tikhonov uderedze kutaura dzimwe nyika, pamusoro kurwa kururamisira, saka mabasa ake vane simba guru kudaro dzidzo, uye kazhinji verenga muzvikoro. Muupenyu hwake rakabudiswa kuunganidza nomwe nyaya pfupi enganonyorwa, chinonyanya chinozikamwa vakanga "Oath vari Fog," "The Leningrad nyaya", "Double Rainbow". Mumakore gumi adarika Tikhonov akanyora ndangariro, vakabuda mubhuku "The Writer uye paraiitwa" muna 1972. Of kufarira kukuru nhaka yaro journalistic. Mabasa hondo nguva, rwendo essays mubhuku "muArabhu" anotaura heroism zvavo vanhu, kukunda pachavo muzita pfungwa.

Awards uye kubudirira

Tihonov Nikolay Aigara kuzivikanwa nokuda Hurumende of USSR yake nyika basa. Ndiye chete munhu, kunze Li Brezhnev akanga paakavapa ari Lenin Prize uye International Lenin Prize "rugare pakati pamarudzi." Muna 1966, ndiye aiva wokutanga munyori vakapiwa honorary wenyaya Hero pamusoro Socialist Labor. iye Katatu akanga paakavapa ari Stalin Prize, akanga katatu with Order of Lenin, Order of Red Banner yaOctober Revolution, Hondo Yenyika II, reLabour Red Banner. Nikolai Semenovich Yaivawo kugamuchira mibayiro yakawanda, kusanganisira dzakawanda, akagamuchira kaviri State Prize.

voruzhinji nzvimbo

Nikolay Semenovich Tihonov yose upenyu kwave takasununguka tsigira simba yeSoviet. Iye chairidza neururami kwake mashoko ake, uyewo siyana ruzhinji dzekuturika mikoko. Aitsigira bato rwokuyera kurwisa cosmopolitanism, asi hazvina kutsigira mhosva pamusoro Akhmatova uye Zoshchenko uye kubhadharwa nokuti utungamiriri pamusoro Union of Writers. Asi muna 1973 akanga pakati nevamwe vanyori akasaina tsamba inotsigira mhosva Sakharov uye Solzhenitsyn racho Anti-Soviet.

upenyu Personal

Nikolai Tikhonov, ane Biography chinozivikanwa munoitika okusika nezvisingafadzi yetsika, akararama rakabudirira chaizvo upenyu, achitarisira kudzivisa matambudziko akawanda kuti kumirira mamwe vadetembi munzira kupinda mabhuku. Aikwanisa kuenda kuburikidza hondo mana, asi usaora akakuvara. Akanga shamwari nevanyori nguva yedu yakawanda, kunyange pashure kuzvidzwa imba yake vaigona kuuya M.Zoshchenko uye kuwana mubereko ushamwari. shamwari yakatendeka Nyanduri rakanga Mariya Konstantinovna Nesluhovskaya. Aiva emhizha kwemakore akawanda akashanda ari chidzoyi yemitambo. Mukadzi aiva simba rokuchinja pamusoro pokumuka Tikhonov Chokwadi, iye akanga achiparidza kwayo kukura uye dzidzo, zvaakanga asingagoni kuwana. The peya akararama pamwe kwemakore anopfuura 50. Vana vaviri vakanga vasina. Muna 1975, Maria Konstantinovna akafa, uye vakasiya uye Nikolai Semenovich makore mana. Mudetembi akavigwa kumakuva muna Peredelkino. Zvinonzi mazita mugwagwa Makhachkala.