Serapion Brothers: nhoroondo uye mapikicha

Mushure October uye February nokumukirana kuti muAtlantic imwe nyika huru negwara, kukurumidza maruva kwose modernism mune rakatanga muna Russia. Mabhuku boka "Serapion Brothers" kwenguva duku, zvisinei, avasakadza munhoroondo mabhuku, uye muupenyu nerimwe nhengo dzayo pachake. The rusarura kuti "Serapion" vakaramba navo kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva. Mukutanga 1920s yaiva imwe yakakurumbira shamwari chaiko, kubvira ayo pamisara vaiva vanyori vakadai Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Lev Luntz, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky. Blushing pedyo, wechiduku prose Soviet uye nokukurumidza ndipiswe, "Serapion Brothers" akanga asati kujekesa itsva nzira vamwe vanyori vakawanda.

prehistory

Muna 1919, apo kuzivisa imba "World Literature" hwakasikwa mabhuku Translation Studio. Nokukurumidza, Zvisinei, musangano vechiduku vakanga vauya kudzidza unyanzvi ichi, vakatanga kuva nzwisisika. Kutaura mabhuku, unyanzvi munyori uye musimboti Ndimi Nde zviri gungano. Nokukurumidza, ivo tinoshandurirwa mabhuku Studio. The initiator Sangano kwayo kwakanga Nikolai Gumilyov, uye kutarisirwa akatora pamusoro Chukovski. Andrey Bely, N. Zamyatin, Chukovsky, Gumilev, Shklovsky chaiitirwa pamisangano misangano uye hurukuro. Kuwanda vateveri shirilos uye muna 1920 raiva vanhu 350. Writers, waiva kunyatsotevera mukati Studio, akatsaurwa uye akasika boka "Serapion Brothers". Nhengo nokuwadzana ichi akaomerera kuti havasi chikoro chaicho, asi chete nenzanga vatsoropodzi, vanyori uye vadetembi, dzaibatanidzwa zvakafanana maonero zviri unyanzvi.

Poetics zita mabhuku nokushamwaridzana

Kana harisi bhuku pfupi nyaya "Serapion Brothers" (Hoffmann), izvo kwenguva refu nguva akarara patafura muparidzi wacho, zita Commonwealth evanyori vaduku kungava zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, izvozvo akava mukuwirirana huru pfungwa dzeboka. Mubhuku Hoffmann rine 22 nyaya, inotiudza boka shamwari musangano pashure Kuparadzana refu. Mumwe wavo rinotaura kusangana kwake kupenga Count, anotenda illusory hunhu chokwadi. Kurambirwa chokwadi, nehanya vakasununguka okugadzira zvinhu munyika anoumba inokosha pfungwa basa iri, ndicho chakanakisisa chakaitika zvinotarisirwa majaya vanyori.

Ndivanaani vanyori? "Serapion Brothers": mazita vechikamu

Pakarepo mushure ayo zvisikwa, Kugamuchirwa mune mabhuku boka nhengo itsva ikanyarara. Chokutanga - uye wokupedzisira pamazita vechikamu kwave immortalized ari mufananidzo muna 1921. Iye chisimbiso Lev Luntz, Nikolai Nikitin, Mikhail Slonimsky, Ilya Gruzdev, Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Elizabeth Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov. Inenge iri kuti vakaendeswa kune boka. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vari pakati vechikamu uye Viktora Shklovskogo, kunyange zvazvo akafunga basa rake kunze wenharaunda yaitongwa chero shamwari.

Zviri misangano Serapions

Mabhuku boka "Serapion Brothers" nzvimbo misangano kusarudza mukamuri Slonimsky. mufananidzo wake kunyange akava chiratidzo boka. Mabhuku Vatsoropodzi dzinobvumirana kuti musangano kwakaitika musi woMugovera, kunyange zvazvo chokwadi vatsigiri aigona kusangana uye rimwe zuva revhiki. Pamisangano, tinoverenga mabasa nhengo dzeboka, ayo panguva iyoyo kukurukurwa zvakadzama uye anoomesera. Writers nharo pamusoro unyanzvi, tichifunga itsva nzira kugadzira mabhuku. Unogona kufungidzira kuti nhaurirano dzakanga kupopotedzana uye mupfungwa.

mbudo almanac

The chete kwemajoini muunganidzwa Serapions yakabudiswa muna 1922. Akasunungurwa kuRussia, uye gare gare muBerlin, vaisanganisa ne Article I. Gruzdev "chiso uye asingazivikanwi." Kunyange asati kusunungurwa Anthology rinoti nemabasa nenhengo "Serapion Brothers" vakanga zvinozivikanwa mumabhuku yeChina. Pakati admirers avo akatarira Gorky, inova pachena kubva tsamba yake Shklovsky. Akanga chaizvo nokubudiswa zvigadzirwa zvitsva, uye akavapa yakakwirira chaizvo mavanga.

Zvakanga zvikuru ikadziviswa Tynyanov. Munyaya yake "hama Serapion. Almanac I »zvaanorondedzera kuunganidza sezvo danho rokutanga ichidzedzereka, apo hapana chaizvo zvikapera nyaya (uye kwete nguva dzose kuita basa iri nani). Mutsigiri "akanaka yakajeka" M. Kuzmin zvachose disapprovingly akapindura pamusoro Anthology rinoti ichi, achinyora nyaya kuti Serapions 1920 achitoita yechinyakare muna 1922.

nicknames hama

Pakutanga, musangano "Serapion Brothers" zvairatidzika zvakasimba musangano "Society of Arzamas vasingazivikanwi vanhu", kubatanidza vanyori Pushkin kuti denderedzwa. Kubva ipapo, pfungwa chinosetsa nicknames yatorwa, izvo zvaiva vanyori hwose. Vamwe vavo anotaura Vladimir Posner mune tsamba A. M. Remizovu. I. Gruzdev zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Hama Abbot," Nikitin - "mukoma canonarch" LA Luntz - "mukoma nomuridzi wembira", B. Posner - "munun'una", Shklovsky - ". Mukoma-kicker" Pasina nicknames vaiva Zamyatin, Zoshchenko uye N. Chukovsky. misangano kazhinji akauya Akhmatova, Boris Annenkov, AI Odoyevtseva nevamwe. Naivowo aimbotaurawo paredhiyo nenharo, kunyange asina muboka. Uyezve, paivawo "Institute serapionovskih vasikana", yaisanganisira M. Alonkina, Li Sazonov, Z. Gatskevich (Papera mudzimai Nikitin), I. Kaplan-Ingel (Papera mukadzi Slonim).

Lev Luntz uye "Serapion Brothers"

Vaduku-makore 20 Revh Luntz rava ndibatsireiwo mutungamiriri boka. Smart, nguva dzose yainakidza, chinopa matarenda - ari musangano wokutanga Serapions wakange "kudziyirwa kumusoro" vamwe vavo. Luntz akararama makore chete 23, asi akakwanisa kusiya chiratidzo chacho mumwoyo vanyori. Obituary Lunts akanyora Gorky, N. Berberova, Tynyanov, Fedin. Akanzi "mukomana faun" vachisasa pamusoro kumucheto nesimba nomukomana uyu vakazadzwa zvose misangano neboka rinonzi "Serapion Brothers". Mabhuku Association akasarudza naye pfungwa mutungamiri. Jaya kunyange Zvisinei aida kutsaurira muunganidzwa,, vasina nguva kuita izvi.

Pakazopera 20-ies ose okugadzira zvinhu Lunz akagamuchira zvisingafi rusarura somunhu zvikuru Anti-Soviet uye reactionary, uye yakawanda haina rakabudiswa. Chikonzero mafungiro akadaro anogona kunzwisiswa kana kuverenga Article Lunz "Sei" Serapion Brothers ", iyo akava Manifesto neboka. Mairi, anozivisa zviga rusununguko okugadzira zvinhu, upenyu pasina mitemo nemirayiro.

Njodzi mubatanidzwa

Nokuti hurumende yeSoviet kuti yakazvimirira boka wevanyori akanga sadikanwa chaizvo. Muna 1922, munyika inonzi "mabhuku Notes" vakanga autobiographical essays Serapions. Shure kwaizvozvo, rose danidziro kuparadzana vanyori inotungamirirwa Lunacharsky uye Trotsky akamira. Basa rakanga rakagadzwa zvakajeka: zvakazadza boka. Avo vanobvuma kuti pamwe nemasimba, zvakanzi akavimbisa kuti mabasa avo achaita kudhindwa. Nokuti munyori Soviet atova rakabudirira. Vamwe Serapions akapinda chikwata "Circle", iyo iripo nokuda mitambo mari.

Zvishoma nezvishoma ungano akazova uye isingawanzowanikwi zvikuru. Pamutemo, boka emauto akadzingwa mabasa haana ushamwari pakati nhengo dzayo ainawo upenyu. Zvisinei, musi wazvakaitika manheru Zoscheko vasisiri vakauya muna 1926. Kusvikira 1929, sangano "Serapion Brothers" achiri inopfungaira mune mabhuku yeChina. Nokuuya pamusoro Union of Writers ariko chero rakazvimirira sangano rakanga, kazhinji, yava hazviiti.

Pasinei nhoroondo yaro pfupi, boka "Serapion Brothers" akanga kukosha kwazvo Russian mabhuku XX remakore. Kubva kwayo mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiya anoverengeka nevanyori kukuru, uye sei avasakadza runoratidzwa ndechokuti muna 1946 nhengo dzayo dzakanga zvakare vanotaurwa yakakurumbira Zhdanov chirevo. Saka, makore akawanda pashure pokuwa kweSoviet mujeri ruoko akamuka vasingadzoreki vanyori, akarova Zoshchenko, Tikhonov uye Slonimsky uwandu prohibitive zvirango.