Mamiriro ekunze eSiberia. Zviratidzo zvemamiriro ekunze eSiberia

Siberia inzvimbo yakaisvonaka, iyo ine nzvimbo inopfuura 60% yenzvimbo yose yeRussia. Iyo inogara mumatatu emamiriro ekunze (yakadzika, subarctic uye arctic), saka mamiriro echisikiro uye mamiriro okunze zvakasiyana zvakajeka munyaya dzakasiyana dzeSangano. Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura ruzivo rwevanhu chete uye zvikamu zvemuganhu wenharaunda yacho.

Mamiriro ekunze eWestern Siberia

Western Siberia inobva kuUral Mountains kusvika kuYenisei River. IWest West Siberian Plain inobata chikamu chikuru chemaunda ayo. Mamiriro okunze munharaunda iyi is continental.

Mamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro ekunze akaumbwa kubva kumamiriro ekunze emamiriro ehurumende ezvose zvinotongwa neRussian Federation iri munzvimbo ino yeSiberia. Kunyatsotengeswa kweWestern Siberia kunonzi Trans-Urals, Omsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk uye Tomsk, pamwe chete neAltai Territory neRepublic of Khakassia. Chikamu apa apa Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen uye Orenburg nzvimbo, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Bashkortostan, pamwe neHMAO uye YaNAO.

Precipitation, wind

Mamiriro ekunze eSiberia ari kumavirazuva ayo haasvibwi neAlantic air masses, sezvo ndima iyi yakachengetedzwa neUral Mountains.

Kubva munaEpril kusvika kuSeptember, mhepo inobva kuActic Ocean uye kubva kumabvazuva inokunda muWestern Siberia. Mune maitiro emagavhuna uye anticyclones, masangano emhepo yeArctic anouya , achiuya navo nekunakisa.

Kubva kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kunopisa mhepo yemhepo yekuAsia (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan) uye kunotonhora mhepo kunounza pamwe nemamiriro okunze akajeka uye anonaya.

Mamiriro ekunze muSiberia akasimba, saka kuvhara kwemvura kwegore negore hakuwanzosiyana mune izvi kana kuti kutungamira. Mugore rinosvika 300-600 mm yemhepo yakanyanyisa inopera, uye chikamu chikuru chinowira munguva yezhizha nekuvhu. Iko kunopisa kwemamiriro okunze mumvura. Chando chinowira chakapoteredza 100 mm nechepasi rose muSweden Siberia. Ichokwadi, ichi chikamu. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzakachengetedza chifukidzo chechando chinosvika pamasendimita 60-80. Nokuenzanisa, munharaunda yeOmsk iyi chiratidzo hachina kusvika masendimita 40.

Kutsika mamiriro ezvinhu

Zviratidzo zvemamiriro ekunze eSiberia munzvimbo yayo yekumadokero ndeyokuti nzvimbo zhinji kune iyo inotambirwa nemahombekombe. Izvo zvine simba guru pamamiriro ekushisa, mumhepo inonyorovesa, iyo inosanganisira kuderera kwekodzero yemakondinendi.

Zuva riri kuchamhembe kweWestern Siberia rinopera mwedzi inenge mipfumbamwe, pakati-inenge manomwe. Ikoko kumaodzanyemba kwaiva nerunyararo shoma, ikoko mamiriro okunze ekunze anotonga kwemwedzi mishanu. Izvi zviyero zvakananga zvakananga nehuwandu hwekushisa kwemhepo munzvimbo imwe neimwe. Nokudaro, chikamu chekumaodzanyemba kweWestern Siberia chinotonhorera pakati pechando -16 ° C, uye chikamu chekumusoro pa -30 ° C.

Zhizha hazvifadziwo nzvimbo idzi, sezvo inopisa kupisa inosvika kubva + 1 ° C (kuchamhembe) kusvika + 20 ° C (kumaodzanyemba).

Iyo yakaderera pasi pa thermometer yakaiswa pa -62 ° C mumupata weRwizi rwaVakh.

Mamiriro ekunze eEastern Siberia

Inowanikwa munharaunda kubva kuYenisei kuenda kumahombekombe egungwa rePacific Ocean. Zviratidzo zvemamiriro ekunze eSouth Siberia zvinotsanangurwa nechigaro chazvo mumabhanhire anodziya uye anotonhora. Ndicho chikonzero icho chinogona kurondedzerwa sechisimba uye chakaoma. Kusiyana neWestern Siberia, rudzi rwemamiriro ekunze muEastern Siberia rinonyatsodzika makondinendi.

Nekukosha kukuru kune mamiriro echisikigo ndechokuti Eastern Siberia iri kunyanya munzvimbo dzakakwirira uye makomo. Ikoko hakuna matanho, uye pasi-pasi ndeyezvisizvo zvisingawanzoitiki.

Aya anotevera anowanikwa pane zvaanoshandura: Krasnoyarsk uye Trans-Baikal Territories, Republicas of Yakutia, Tuva, Buryatia, uye Muguta re Irkutsk. Siberia (Russia) munharaunda iyi yakaoma zvikuru, kunyange isingazivikanwi.

Precipitation, wind

Muchando, mhepo yekumaodzanyemba inotungamira muEastern Siberia inotonga , ichiunza nayo anticyclones kubva kuAsia. Mhedzisiro ndeyekugadzirwa kwemamiriro okunze akajeka uye echando.

Mumazuva echando uye zhizha, mweya wakaoma weAsia unowanikwawo munharaunda yeEastern Siberia, asi pasinei neizvi, mhepo yekumaodzanyemba inowanzogadzirisa mashizha emhepo kubva kumabvazuva, anotakura mhepo yegungwa yePacific Ocean. Uye iyo inotonhorera yeArctic air inounzwa pano nechokumaodzanyemba.

Mamiriro ekunze muSiberia akarayira kuitira kuti mhepo yakanyanyisa kunzvimbo yeSouth Siberia inoparadzaniswa zvisina kufanira. Nhamba shomanana muYakutia: 250-300 mm chete pagore inenge inenge yose inotengeswa ye republic. Krasnoyarsk Territory mune imwe nzira nzira yekubata. Inofananidzira kuwanda kukuru kwemvura: kubva 600-800 mm (kumadokero) kusvika 400-500 mm (kumabvazuva). Mune dzimwe dzose dzeEngland Siberia, chiyero chegore negore chinyoro chakakonzerwa chikaita 300-500 mm.

Kutsika mamiriro ezvinhu

Kunyanya kuchitonhora munharaunda yeEastern Siberia mwedzi yechando. Izvo zvinotonhora zvakakura zvinoshanduka zvakanyanyisa, zvichienderana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwekondinendi kumavirazuva kusvika kunzvimbo yakanyanyisa yemakondinendi yeSiberia kumabvazuva. Kana iri kumaodzanyemba kweKrasnoyarsk Territory muvhareji wepamwedzi wemwedzi wechipiri wechando inenge -18 ° C, ipapo kuchamhembe iyo inodonha kusvika -28 ° C, uye kwete kure neguta reTurkey rinosvika -36 ° C.

Kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEngland Siberia kune inenge yeJanuary inopisa inenge -30 ° C, uye munzira inoenda kuNorilsk uye kumabvazuva kwayo inodonha kusvika -38 ° C. Northern Yakutia, iyo yakawanda yekupisa yakanyanya kuderera, -50 ° C, yakava chikwata chekodhi muna 1916, apo thermometer yakaratidza -82 ° C.

Muodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-kumavirira mafashamu anooneka achikundikana. Mu Yakutsk pachayo, izvi zvinenge zvisingabvumirwi, asi muTrans-Baikal Territory neBuryatia inenge yeJanuary yechando inosvika -24 ...- 28 ° C.

Ivhareji yekupisa yemwedzi unotonhora mumwaka inoparadzaniswa kubva kune +1 ... + 7 ° C kuchamhembe kweKrasnoyarsk Territory neRepublic of Yakutia kusvika +8 ... + 14 ° C pakati nepakati kusvika kusvika +15 ... + 18 ° C mu Southern. Nharaunda yemakomo makomo uye makomo, unhu hwezvinhu zvakadaro seIrkutsk region, Buryatia, Transbaikal region, inokonzera kupisa kusina kukwana. Nokudaro, kune kusiyana kwakasiyana mumusana wekupisa kwemazuva ose emusi wechando-zhizha. Pavhareji, muna July thermometer inomira kunenge yakasviba +13 kusvika +17 ° C. Asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo kutengesa kwemazinga kunogona kuva kukuru.

Siberia (Russia) iri munzvimbo yayo yekumaodzanyemba inozivikanwa nekutonhora kwemamiriro okunze. Zuva rinotora kubva pamwedzi 5-6 (Baikal region) kusvika kumwedzi 7-8 (pakati peYakutia neKrasnoyarsk Territory). Munzvimbo yakanyanyisa kuchamhembe kwezhizha zvinenge zvisingakwanisi kumirira, sezvo chando chiri kutonga ikoko kwemwedzi gumi nemana. Mukati uye nechekumaodzanyemba kweEastern Siberia, nguva inotonhora (kusanganisira chitubu nekwokutora) inotora kubva kumwedzi we5 kusvika ku4.

Mamiriro ekumaodzanyemba kweSiberia

Nzvimbo dziri kuchamhembe dziri munzvimbo yeActic and subarctic mabhandi. Nharaunda yedenga reArctic inogara ichikwira uye chando chisingaitiki. Ikoko hazvibviri kuwana zvese pasina zvinomera. Iyo yega oases muuyu hutambo ndeyemasses and lichens, inokwanisa kutarisa kutsika kwekushanduka kwekushanduka.

Mamiriro ekunze eSiberia munharaunda iyi inonyanya kutungamirirwa ne albedo. Ikoko pamusoro pechando uye nechokumusoro kwechando kunogara ichiratidzwa nemasikati ezuva, ndiko kuti, kupisa kunodzokorora.

Pasinei nokuti ivhareji yenhamba yegore negore yakakura (inenge 400 mm), ivhu rakapfigirwa nemhepo uye chando chakadzika uye chinopisa.

Iyo yakaoma yakanyanyisa mamiriro okunze inokurudzirwa nemhepo ine dutu ine simba uye dutu rinosvibira munharaunda inenge yakakura kwazvo uye inobva muzvikamu zvezvitsuwa zvikuru zvechando shure kwavo.

Uyewo kune chikamu ichi cheSiberia kune nguva yakawanda inotonhora muzhizha, sezvo kubuda kwemahombekombe emvura kubva panzvimbo yayo kunoitika.

Pamusoro pezhizha, nyika haina nguva yekudziya, uye chando chinonyunguduka zvishoma nezvishoma, nokuti inenge yechando inotanga kubva pane 0 kusvika + 3 ° C.

Pano iwe unogona kuona zvisikwa zvakasikwa zvakasikwa zvakadai seusiku hwema polar uye chiedza chekumusoro.

Permafrost

Zvinotoshamisa kuti, kupfuura 60% yenharaunda yeRussia yakafukidzwa nehutachiona. Kunyanya, iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yeEastern Siberia uye Transbaikalia.

Mafirofrost anozivikanwa nekuti ivhu haritombotauri zvachose. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo iyo yakanamirwa mamita ane chiuru pasi. MuYakutia, rekodhi yakanyorwa nokuda kwehupamhi hwemazuva ose - 1370 mamita.

MuRussia pane Museum of Permafrost ine gomba rayo, mauri iwe unogona kufunga nezvechiitiko ichi chinoshamisa.

Mamiriro ekunze eSouth Siberia

Kununurwa kwemakomo, iri kuSouth Siberia, kwakakonzera kusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze.

Nyika yose inowedzera kumabvazuva, uko pamatope kune mvura yakawanda. Izvo ndezvekuti ivo vemachando uye glaciers zveWestern Altai zvakapararira zvikuru.

Munguva yechando, mamiriro ekunze eSiberia munharaunda iyi inoratidzika kusina makore, kutonhora kwezuva kunotonhora. Zhizha rinogara rakanaka uye rakapfupika, mumasipirini e intermontane chete uye yakaoma uye inopisa (inowanzo kupisa muna July inenge +20 ^о С).

Zvinonakidza kupindura mubvunzo wekuti mhenderekedzo yegungwa inobata sei mamiriro ekumaodzanyemba kuSiberia. Pasinei nokuti iRussia haina kubatana zvakananga neAtlantic Ocean, iyo inobatsira zvikuru pane mamiriro enyika iyi yenyika. South Siberia, inotakura mashizha makuru echando uye panguva imwechete kuderera kwechando uye kunyura.

Mamiriro ezvemuSiberia chikamu cheRussia chakanyanya kwazvo, asi izvi hazviregi kuti ive mwoyo wenyika yedu.