Mabhakitiriya coliforms mumvura. Thermotolerant coliforms

Mabhakitiriya coliforms anogara aripo mumhuka yevanhu nekudya, pamwe chete mumarara ekugadzira basa ravo rinokosha. Zvinogonawo kuwanikwa pamiti, ivhu nemvura, kusvibiswa kwecho chiri dambudziko guru nekuda kwekugona kwehutachiona hwehutano hunokonzerwa nemakiriniki akasiyana-siyana.

Zvinokuvadza mumuviri

Ko coliform bhakitiriya inokuvadza here? Zvizhinji zvezvo hazvikonzeri zvirwere, zvisinei, mamwe mashoma asina kuwanda eEscherichia coli anogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba. Mukuwedzera kune vanhu, makwai nemombe zvinogona kutapukirwa. Zvinoshungurudza kuti mvura yakasvibiswa mumamiriro ayo ekunze haisi kusiyana nemvura inonwiwa yakawanda yekuravira, kunhuwa uye kuonekwa. Mabhakitiriya coliforms anowanikwa kunyange mumvura yakanaka, iyo inofungidzirwa isina kugadzikana mumatambudziko ose. Kuongorora ndeye nzira chete yekuvimbika yekudzidza pamusoro pekuvapo kwepathogenic mabhakitiriya.

Chii chinoitika pandinozviwana?

Zvakadini kana coliforms kana mamwe mabhakitiriya anowanikwa mumvura yekunwa? Munyaya iyi, zvichave zvakakodzera kugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa hurongwa hwemvura. Kana yakashandiswa pakuchenesa, zvinoshandiswa kubika zvinowanikwa, pamwe nekudzokorora zvakare, izvo zvinogona kusimbisa kuti kusvibiswa hakuna kubviswa kana idzi dzaiva thermotolerant coliform mabhakitiriya.

Chiratidzo chinorarama

Kazhinji coliform mabhakitiriya anowanzoti chiratidzo chezvipenyu, nokuti anoratidza kuvepo kwehutachiona hwepathogenic mumvura, somuenzaniso, E. coli. Kunyange zvazvo matambudziko akawanda asingakuvadzi uye achigara mumatumbo evanhu vane utano uye mhuka, dzimwe dzingagona kubatsira pakuumbwa kwehupfu, zvichikonzera zvirwere zvakakomba uye kunyange kutungamirira kurufu. Kana zvipembenene zviripo mumuviri, zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa ndezvekuputika kwepamuviri, fever, kurwadziwa mumimba uye chirwere. Zviratidzo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa muvana kana vakwegura vemhuri.

Mvura yakachengeteka

Kana pasina huwandu hwemakroteria emvura mumvura, zvino inogona kunge inofungidzirwa kuti iyo microbiologically yakachengeteka kunwa.
Kana vakawanikwa, ipapo kuwedzera kwekuedzwa kwaizove kwakarurama.

Mabhakitiriya anoda kupisa uye unyoro

Kutonhora uye mamiriro ekunze zvinotambawo basa rinokosha. Semuenzaniso, E. coli anofarira kurarama pasi penyika uye anoda kupisa, kuitira kuti coliform mabhakitiriya mumvura yekunwa inoratidzika semugumisiro wekugadzirwa kwemvura pasi pemvura pasi pemhepo inotonhora uye inonaya, asi nhamba shoma yebhakitiriya ichawanikwa munguva yechando.

Impact chlorination

Kubudirira kuparadza mabhakitiriya, chlorinisi inoshandiswa, iyo inoshandisa zvinhu zvose zvisina kuchena. Iyo yakawanda ichagadziriswa nemamiriro ezvinhu emvura akadai pH uye kutonhora. Pakati pacho, kuyerwa kwebasa rakaoma neawa rimwe chete inenge 0,3-0,5 milligrams. Kuti uuraye huwandu hwema-coliform mabhakitiriya mukunwa mvura, zvinotora anenge maminitsi makumi matatu. Nguva yekubatanidza inogona kuderedzwa nekuwedzera chiroro cheklorini, asi izvi zvinogona kudikanwa mamwe mafiritsi kuti abvise ruvara rwakanaka nekunhuhwirira.

Kuparadza ultraviolet chiedza

Kusiyana kwakakurumbira kwekudzivirira utachiona kunofungidzirwa kuva ultraviolet rays. Iyi nzira haina kureva kushandiswa kwemakemikari akawanda. Zvisinei, mushonga uyu hauna kushandiswa apo kubhadharira kwekodenti yakawanda kunodarika chiuru chekoroni ne 100 ml yemvura. Chigadzirwa chacho pachacho chinoumbwa neshizha reVV rakakomberedzwa nejoko rakagadzirwa neklasi yekartz, iyo inoyerera mvura, irradied with ultraviolet light. Mvura isina mvura mukati mechigadziro inofanira kunge yakachena zvakakwana uye isisina chero zvinosvibisa zvinoratidzika, zvivharo kana kuvhara kuti zvibvumirwe kune zvisikwa zvose zvinokuvadza.

Zvimwe zvekuchenesa nzira

Kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzekurapa dzinoshandiswa kumvura kudzivirira. Zvisinei, havakwanisi kurarama kwenguva yakareba nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.

• Kubikira. Pa100 degrees Celsius, mabhakitiriya anourawa zvakanaka mukati meminiti imwe chete. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa kupirisa mvura panguva dzekukurumidza kana kana zvichidiwa. Zvinotora nguva uye inogadzirisa simba-uye, sekutonga, inoshandiswa chete mumvura shoma shoma. Izvi hazvirevi kwenguva refu kana kuti kusingagumi kusarudzwa kwekudzivirira mvura.
• Ozonation. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, nzira iyi inoshandiswa senzira yekuvandudza unhu hwemvura, kubvisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kusvibiswa kwebhakitiriya. Kufanana neklorini, ozone inogadzirisa yakasimba inouraya mabhakitiriya. Asi panguva imwe chete, gesi iyi haina kugadzikana, uye inogona kuwanikwa chete nekubatsirwa nemagetsi. Ozonation blocks kazhinji haakurudzirwi kuvhara mweya, nokuti inodhura zvikuru kudarika chlorination kana ultraviolet systems.
• Iodination. Pane imwe nzira inowanzozivikanwa yekudzivirira utachiona yakangobva kukurudzirwa chete kwechinguva chiduku kana kuvharwa kwemazuva mashoma emvura.

Thermotolerant coliforms

Iyi iboka rinokosha rezvisikwa zvipenyu izvo zvinokwanisa kubvisa lactose pa 44-45 degrees Celsius. Izvi zvinosanganisira genus Escherichia uye mamwe marudzi eKlebsiella, Enterobacter uye Citrobacter. Kana pane zvipenyu zvakasununguka mumvura, izvi zvinoratidza kuti hazvina kucheneswa zvakakwana, zvakare zvakasvibiswa, kana kuti zvine zvinhu zvekudya zvakanyanya. Kana zvikaonekwa, zvakakosha kutarisa kuvapo kwekusanyatsogadzikana nekukwirira kwekushanda kwemapakiteriya echoliform.

Microbiological analysis

Zvisikwa zveColiform ndezvenzira yebhakitiriya yegam-negative iyo iri kunze yakafanana netsvimbo, inorarama uye ichibereka mumucheto wezasi wemhuka yekudya yemhuka nevanhu. Nenzira yakawanda, mabhakitiriya anosanganisira mhando dzakawanda dzinotyisa kune rimwe divi kana imwe. Microbiological analysis inosanganisira kuratidzwa kwemarudzi ose emavirusi uye zvirwere. Iro microbiological inoongorora inoitwa kwete kwete chete kutarisa mvura yekunwa, asiwo kutarisa kuchengetedzwa kwezvivako izvo vanhu vanofara nazvo. Vamwe, hongu, havatyi kushambidza mumvura, uko "tsvimbo" yakawanikwa, asi kuchengetedzwa kwemvura yakadaro kunotungamirirwa zvakare. Kune humwe hutsanana hunoda huri hwemvura yepamusoro.

Kana coliforms yakawanikwa, zvino izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti maikirwe emakemikari akapinda mumvura. Nokudaro zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotanga kupararira. Mune mvura yakasvibiswa yakasvibiswa, unogona kuwana tsvina ye salmonella, shigella, E. coli nezvimwe zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinobva pamatambudziko akaoma emuviri wekudya kusvika kune maitiro akaoma eropa, kemera, feveridhe fever nevamwe vazhinji.

Mhuri mishonga yehutachiona

Unhu hwekunwa mvura hunongororwa uye hunongorongedzwa nemasangano ekutsvaga tsvina. Uye munhu wega angaitei kuti azvidzivirire uye amudzivirire kubva kune utachiona husingadiwi? Chii chinokonzera kusvibiswa kwemvura mumba?

1. Mvura kubva kunotonhora. Kana vanhu vakawanda vachibata chigadzirwa ichi, zvinowanzoita kupindira kwebhakitiriya inokuvadza. Sezvo zvidzidzo zvinoratidzira, mvura mumiti yechitatu yekunonyorera inongoraramira nezvinhu zvipenyu.
2. Mvura mvura. Zvinotoshamisa kuti hunyoro hunounganidzwa mushure mokunge mvura inzvimbo yakanaka yekugadzirwa kwe coliform mabhakitiriya. Vashandi vekurima vakashandisa havashandisi mvura iyi, kunyange yekudiridza mbeu.
3. Mahombekombe nemakamuri anoonekwawo ari pangozi, sezvo zvipenyu zvose, kwete mabhakitiriya, zvinowedzera nekukurumidza mumvura ine simba. Chinhu chinogona kunge chinonzi marungwa, kubudirira uye kupararira kwemaitiro anokuvadza pane zvishoma.
4. Mamiriro epiyipi. Kana zvikepe zvisingashanduki uye zvisina kunatswa kwenguva yakareba, zvinogonawo kutungamirira kumatambudziko.