Language kuchinja Karamzin. Musimboti zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira mutauro wenyika Karamzin zvinhu

Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin aiva zvinokosha munhoroondo mumunda dzidzo, kunyanya kare uye zvemutauro. Aiva musoro sentimentalistkogo muitiro mumabhuku uye akasika kuitika itsva mumutauro weRussia. basa rake chakazozivikanwa sezvo mutauro kuchinja Karamzin.

Musimboti mutauro zvinhu

Chii Nikolai Mikhailovich zvaaida kuzadzisa achibatsirwa kwake zvinhu? Panguva iyoyo, mutauro wokuRussia akanga akafanana kuChechi, uye zvimwe zvinhu nemarongerwo akariita "heavyweight". Chinangwa munyori kwaiva kubvisa ruzhinji muchiLatin uye necheSalvic mashoko, kuwedzera mashoko kubva mutauro French, iyo yainzi mutauro chinoziva uye vakadzidza vanhu.

Principles mutauro Karamzin zvinhu

Its chikuru basa munyori zvakaona yaiva kuva vanokudzwa muvanhu nyora akaita hurukuro. Kuti pave "mumwe mabhii itsva," Karamzin kutyiswa kwomutauro zvinhu Lomonosov. odes ake vakanga aiwanzoshandisa mashoko akaoma uye zvisingachashandi, izvo vamwe vanyori akaisa akaoma. Mumwe misimboti basa Nikolai Mikhailovich aifanira kuuya vanyori kuti mutauro.

To ichi chinofanira kubviswa staroslavyanizmy mutauro zvose. Asi chose kuvapa, zvakare, zvakanga zvisingaiti - zvingava kushayisa mutauro wokuRussia ayo midzi, hunova uye chinokosha wemashiripiti. Naizvozvo, zvinotevera mhando staroslavyanizmy vakanga vasara:

• nhetembo have Hue;
• kushandiswa unyanzvi zvinangwa;
• kushandiswa vakiridza nezveimwe nhoroondo ichikosha.

Chimwe nheyo mabhii "mutsva" chaiva nyore kuti pfungwa, kureva yaitsiva rinorema, refu, "Lomonosov" mazano pamusoro itsanangudzo chaiko. Kwakasarudzwa kuti kutsiva ose mibatanidzwa pamwe Old necheSalvic mavambo. Karamzin akatsvaka kushandisa yakawanda sezvingabvira mibatanidzwa Russian, vainyanya ekufambisa zvisikwa. Zvakanga achinja murayiro mashoko ari mutsetse, izvo zvaiita kwaari zvikuru muropa kuvanhu.

Uye wechitatu nhungamiro mutauro Karamzin kuti zvinhu zvakanga neologisms. Nikolai Mikhailovich akaedza kwete kungoita kupinda imwe shoko mumutauro wokuRussia, asi kuti dzienderane peculiarities yegirama yomutauro wokuRussia. Dzimwe nguva, vakuru neologisms akaramba untranslated, nekuti aitenda kuti nokuti kuridza nani. Asi gare gare, munyori yakagadziridzwa maonero ake pamusoro nokukwereta uye akatanga kushandisa mamwe mashoko Russian mavambo.

Zvakaitwa kuti kuchinja zvinhu Shishkov

Chokwadi, kuchinja inokosha vaisagona kukonzera gakava vanhu. Paiva nevaya dzaisafarira mutauro kuchinja Karamzin. Saka, pakati vavengi vake rakanga Shishkov - a akakurumbira yokutungamirira nguva. Akanga asiri philologist, saka mashoko ake dzaiwanzova nyika hunhu.

Aidavira Karamazina freethinker, unoda zvose vatorwa. Shishkin aidavira kuti chikwereti mashoko chete nokupamba mutauro wokuRussia, vachikanganisa ayo chaizvoizvo. Chete kushandiswa necheSalvic shoko kunoita dzidzo nyika. Naizvozvo zvinganaka yokutsiva vatotanga yokumwe mashoko ari necheSalvic. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "mutambi" ne "mutambi".

Principles mutauro kuchinja Karamzin uye Shishkov akasiyana hwaro Nikolai Mikhailovich vakanzwisisa kuti kuchinja kunokosha mitauro chivako kubva philological nemaonero, uye Shishkov akatungamirira uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika.

Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira mutauro wenyika Karamzin zvinhu

Innovate, sezvo isu akati, akatambira zvakavhenganiswa tinyatsonzwisisa munharaunda. Kudivi rimwe, kuchinja zvose - ndiko semhedzisiro munhau kuti zviri kuitika kuburikidza Russia. Yaiva ichikosha Kujekerwa, saka zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti husava hurumende mutauro, kubvisa sharuka mashoko. Izvi ndizvo kukura mutauro yepanyama, nokuti haigoni kuva kana hadziwaniki mashoko matsva uye mashoko obort.

Asi Ukuwo, chiFrench haisisina zvikuru. Ake vanoshingaira sumo vakabatsira kuti kusiyana kutaurirana nevanhuwo uye okumusoro makirasi vakava hombe. Uye utendeuke ichi vanogona kunzi mune dzimwe mwero hazvina ushamwari uye zvinoita kuti paumbwe uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika. Asi raiva zvachose dzinongoitika chakajairika muzera vakambovhenekerwa absolutism.

Saka, pasinei vakavhengana nezvaro, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamazin aiva simba guru pamusoro pokumuka mutauro chaiko uye vakawanda netsika Russia.