Kushamwaridzana kwezvemagariro evanhu chii? Mienzaniso

Kushambadzira mune zvemagariro ndeyemhando yakasiyana yebasa, iri pamativi ekutsvaga nebhizimisi. Inosanganisira kubviswa kwepurogiramu uye kudzorerwa kwayo mune mhinduro kana kuderedzwa kwezvinetso zvinotambudza zvikuru munharaunda. Mari yacho haina kugoverwa pakati pevatori vezvematongerwe enyika, asi inotengeswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro sekuderedza kusakosha kwebasa, kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, zvakatipoteredza. Ngatimbokurukurai zvakajeka kuti chii chinoshandiswa mune zvekugadzirisa zvemabhizimisi.

General information

Kuita zvekugarisana mune zvekugara kune imwe nzvimbo umo mabasa anoitwa pasina hurumende yekunze mari. Basa rose rinotungamirirwa pachishandiswa zvirongwa zvebhizimisi zvakavonekwa. Muchirevo ichi, munhu haagoni kutaura kuti kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi ehupfumi ndiyo yakadaro yekuzvipira basa. Munharaunda iyi, kwete nguva chete-yakaratidzwa, asi zvakare itsva, zvesayenzi yakagadziriswa nzira dziri kushandiswa kugadziro yezvinenge zvatovapo uye zvinetso zvechangobva kuitika.

Mission Statement

Mazano emabhizimisi mashoma uye masangano anotarisana nevanhu anokwanisa kushanda mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Vanoshandisa zvirongwa zvevanhu munharaunda yemabasa avo makuru. Izvi zvinogona kuva utano hwehutano, zvekurima, mabasa, dzidzo, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Parizvino, hapana chinyatsotsanangurwa chekushanda kwemabhizimisi evanhu, sezvo inobata nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehupenyu hwehupenyu uye ine nhamba yakawanda yezvinangwa uye zvikamu. Izvo zvakanyanya kugadzirisa kutsanangura basa iri nemutsara unotevera: "Shandisa nekubatsira vamwe". Kushambadzira mune zvemagariro evanhu ndiyo mhinduro yezvinetso zvinooneka uye zvinokonzerwa noupenyu hwepaguru, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakanaka. Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti basa iri harisi rudo. Rubatsiro runopiwa nechirevo cheku "kupa kwete hove, asi tsvimbo yekubata hove."

Historical background

Kuita zvemabhizimisi kwakagadziriswa sei? MuRussia, muzana remakore rechi19 kwakange kune izvo zvinonzi imba yekushingaira. Vanokwanisa kutumidzwa kuti muenzaniso webasa rakazara basa rekubatsira. Iyi dzimba dzakavakwa naBaba John Sergiev muKronstadt. Pfungwa yake huru yaive pfungwa yokuti kazhinji rudo rukuru, rudo runowedzera munhu, vachimudzivisa zvekukurudzira kushanda. "Dzimba" dzakanga dziri nzvimbo umo basa raitungamirirwa nenzira zvitatu panguva imwe chete. Pano ivo vaibatanidzwa mune rudo, kudzidzisa nekurera uye basa. Pakati pezana remakore rechi19. MuUk kwakanga kune makoperative. Vaiva chekubhadhara mari yevanhu vevanhu.

Kuvandudza kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ichi chiitiko chakaonekwa kunze kwenyika kupfuura kare muRussia. Kune zviongorori zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoratidzira kusiyana kwezvakagadzirwa uye maitiro ehutano hwekugadzirisa zvemabhizimisi. Pfungwa yacho pachayo yakatanga kuziviswa mumakumi matanhatu. Muzana remakore rechi20 muUnited States. Zvadaro mafungiro ehurumende yakasununguka anopararira. Pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvakajeka zvekukosha kwevanhu zvakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya mumitauro yemutauro weChirungu. Kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kwakasimba kwechirevo chekushambadzirana kwezvemagariro evanhu kunotangira kuma1970 nema1980. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave neunhu hwakasiyana. Nokudaro, Gregory Diz akaratidza mune imwe yezvinyorwa zvake kuti chikonzero chekubuda kwebhizimisi shoma, masangano evanhu vasina hupfumi ehurumende isingabatsiri kwebasa rezvikoro zvehurumende. Pano zvakakosha kuziva kuti munyika dzakabudirira dzine zvivako zvishoma nezvishoma, maitiro ebhizimisi mubvunzo anowanzowanzo. Panyaya iyi, nokuda kwekubudirira kwekugadzirisa hupfumi hwevanhu, zvakakosha kuva nekutarisa kwekuzviongorora kwezvinhu zviripo zvisingabatsiri kune nhengo yega yevanhu.

Kunyatsoziva

Zviri pachena kuti matambudziko ehupfumi anowanikwa mune imwe sangano. Zvinokonzerwa nekushaya kukwanisa kugutsikana kwezvinodiwa zvevadzidzi vayo vose. Nyaya yekusimudzira kwezvemagariro evanhu yakanyanyisa kune hukama huri pakati pehurumende yehurumende uye kubudirira kwebasa rezvemari. Somugumisiro, anosarudza kurwisana nehondo yakazvimiririra kurwisana nechinetso icho chiri chimwe chinogumbura kwaari. Izvi hazvirevi kuti masangano ehurumende aripo anoshanda zvisina kukodzera. Pane zvakasiyana, vanogona kukwanisa kugadzirisa zviripo zviripo, kuratidzira kusawirirana kwezvematongerwe enyika kwakaitwa. Nyaya yekushamwaridzana kwemasangano ega pachako inomutsa dare rebasa kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira. Saizvozvowo, inosvika pamwero wakadaro ruzivo rwekushanduka kwekunzwisisa kwekutonga.

Zvichemo zvezwi

Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti vamwe vanhu vanowanzowedzera kunyanya kunzwisisa chinangwa chekugadzirisa hupfumi hwevanhu uye vanotaridzira kune zvisizvo zvisina mari. Mubasa rake, Diz anonyora mamiriro ezvinhu anokosha anoverengeka. Chokutanga pane zvose, munyori anotaura nezvekuti pfungwa dze "bhizinesi" ne "kushambadzira" hazvifananidzi. Kufa kunotsanangura kushanduka kweshoko rokupedzisira kubva kuMF. Taura uye Schumpeter. Vakanga vari ivo vokutanga kuratidza hutsika hutsva hwokutengeserana. Mukuwedzera, Diz anotaura nezveP. Drucker naG. Stevenson. Vakatora pfungwa kune chokwadi chokuti mutengesi wezvokwadi ndeye nyaya ine pfungwa dzakagadzirirwa kuwana mikana. Mukududzirwa uku, uwandu hwesarudzo dzinogona kuitika pakuzvitsanangura-iwe hazvirevi kune kuwanikwa kwebhizimisi rako pachako. Iyi mamiriro ezvinhu inoita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa pfungwa iyi mukugadzirisa zvinetso zvevanhu. Diz anotsvaga kufunga nezvemabhizimisi evanhu vanoita sechinhu chinotarisirwa nehutumwa chaiwo. Muchiitiko ichi, inofanira kunge ichikosha uye inotsanangurwa. Kubatsira masangano emabhizimisi mashoma, masangano evanhu vasingadi kubatsirana nevevanhu vanoona kwete sechinangwa, asi senzira yekuzadzisa zvinodiwa.

Zviratidzo

Nzira iyo inoshandiswa nemasangano maduku emabhizimisi akazvimiririra inotungamirirwa naDiz, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwekuti huwandu hwavo hunoenderana uye hunonetsa kubudirira. Munyori anobvumira kufanana kwakakwana kune zviratidzo. "Kusakwana" kwakadaro hazvifaniri kureva kusagadzikana kusingazivikanwi kwechinhu ichi nevanosangana nevamwe vezvematongerwo enyika. Dise akaronga kuumbwa, maererano nezvinoitwa mabhizimisi sevashandi vekushandura nekuda kwekuti:

1. Tsanangura zvaunofunga kuitira kuti zvikubvumira kuti uwane uye uchengetedze hukama hwemagariro evanhu.
2. Unokwanisa kuziva uye kuramba uchishandisa mikana mitsva yekugadzirisa zvinetso.
3. Inosanganisira muhupenyu hunoenderera mberi hwekugadziriswa, kudzidziswa, mishonga.
4. Vanoita zvisingaiti, vasingatori nharo dzisina ruzivo runowanikwa kusvika panguva.
5. Vanoratidza mutoro mukuru kune vavanonyorera vateereri uye migumisiro inowanikwa.

Diz, kufanana nevamwe vake, vanosimbisa kukosha kwezvinhu zvitsva zvemabasa evanhu vezvemabhizimisi. Inofanira kunzwisiswa kuti zvisikwa hazvizovi nguva dzose zvoupfumi chete.

Hurumende yekutsigira

Panguva ino, vazhinji vakuru vakuru vanotaura nezvekudiwa kwekuwedzera hutano uye hupfumi hwekutengeserana. Izvi zvinonzwisisika. Mushure mezvose, iyi nharaunda yebasa inogadziriswa kugadzirisa matambudziko ehutano ehutano ehutano. Pakutanga kweUnited Economic Economic Development yakatanga kuumbwa kwenharaunda munzvimbo itsva. Chinangwa chezvikoro izvi ndechekubatanidza mabhizimisi mubasa revanhu, kubatsira pakugadzira bhizinesi ravo, kuita zvirongwa. Mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yezvidzidzo iri kusikwa, kusanganisira iyo yakagadzirirwa vanhu vane hurema, matafura akazara uye misangano yakarongeka. Dhipatimendi reZimbabwe Policy, Science uye Entrepreneurship kuMoscow yakaratidza kugadzirira kwayo kutsigira mapurogiramu epamberi.

Kuwedzera kufarira

Anyanzvi vezvemagariro evanhu akagadzirira kushanda pamucheto we kurashikirwa uye purofiti, kuita chero bedzi chido chekugadzirisa chinetso chinomubvumira. Sangano rinoshanda mumutambo wemagariro, kana chiitiko cherasikirwa, rinongopfiga. Mutungamiri wezvemagariro evanhu, zvakasiyana naye, acharwa kusvika pakuguma. Sezvo nyika inoratidzirwa inoratidza, nzira dzekuita bhizinesi dzinochinja munguva. Vanyori vanowedzera nezvehupfumi vanonzwisisa kuti zvakakosha kwete kungoita phindu, asiwo kugadzirisa matambudziko evanhu. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nhamba yevatengesi vemari makambani anoshandisa zvirongwa zvevanhu zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuwedzera. Zvimwe zvivako zvehupfumi zvakasikwa nekuda kwechinangwa ichi. Nhasi kune masangano, kugoverana, izvo zvinogadzirisa kuenzanisa nekufambisa kusarudza kwebhizimisi dzinoita hupfumi hwemagariro evanhu. Mutemo unotungamirira basa iri muRussia haisi ikozvino. Zvisinei, pamusangano wehutungamiri, zviito zvekutonga zvinoronga dzimwe nzvimbo dzebasa rekambani dzakadaro zvinogamuchirwa. Mukuwedzera, mabhuku epamutemo anogamuchirwawo munzvimbo yepamatunhu.

William Drayton

Uyu munhu ndiye muumbi wesangano risina purofiti "Ashoka". Drayton akauya kune bhizinesi reUnited States nechinangwa chekuvandudza mitemo uye pfungwa. Akashingaira kukurudzira pfungwa dzekuchengetedza dzaisati dzakakurumbira panguva yekutonga kwaReagan. Parizvino, Ashoka inoshanda munyika dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu munyika yose, inotsigira vanhu vanopfuura 1800 mumunda wekutengesa maitiro, hutano hwevanhu. Panguva yaro nheyo (muna 1980), mutambo wekutanga webhizimisi waiva 50 $ madhora. Muna 2006, mari yacho yakawedzera kusvika ku $ 30 Mamiriyoni. "Ashoka" inopa rubatsiro nekubatsira mari kune vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu , inogadzira mharaunda inobatsira, inobatsira kuvaka zvigadziriswa zvinodiwa pakugoverwa kwezvinhu zvitsva.

Michael Young

Uyu munhu haana kungoita mabhizinesi evanhu vari munyika yose. Michael Young akanyatsopindira muzvirongwa zvekudzidzisa. Kuvonga kwake, kwaiva neColin of Entrepreneurship (Social), Yunivhesiti yemu 3 millennium, Institute for the Study of Communities nedzimwewo masangano. Mumwe wevaporofesa veHarvard ainzi Yang uyo anonyanya kubudirira mubhizinesi mubasa revanhu. Kuvonga mabasa ake, mazano akawanda ekuchengetedza vatengi akazadziswa. Vechidiki vakabuda ndokunyora mabhuku. Pfungwa huru yemabasa ake yakanga iri pfungwa yekuongorora vanhu kwete nedzidzo chete, kukodzera, mano ekufunga, rudzi rwebasa, asiwo nehutano hwekutendeseka kwavo, kukwanisa kunzwira tsitsi, kuratidzira mutsa nekupa.

Zvinhu zvemazuva ano

Pari zvino, makambani ekutengeserana ari kunyanya kubatanidzwa mukugadzirisa hurumende. Panguva imwecheteyo, inowanikwa kune mabhizimisi ose ndeyekuda kuunza nzira itsva dzebhizimisi. Kune huwandu huri kuwedzera mune zvekugadzirisa zvemabhizimisi kune rumwe rutivi rwevanodzidza. MuHarvard Business School muna 1989 imwe nzira yakasvinudzwa. Kudzidziswa kwakananga purogiramu yekusimudzira maitiro emagariro evanhu. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, zvikoro zvekuAmerica zvinotungamirira zvikoro zvakatanga kusanganisira mamwe mapeji mumabhuku avo. Muna 2004, chinenge chikamu chechina cheStanford vakapedza zvidzidzo muhutano hwemagariro evanhu. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, makambani makuru makuru akazarurwa. Pakati pavo:

1. Bank "Gremin" (Bangladesh). Muvambi wayo ndiye Muhammad Yunus. Muna 2006, akagamuchira Nobel Peace Prize. Bhizinesi inoshandura mabasa ezvemari kune vagari venhengo yevarombo. Kambani inobatsira kwete kukurira urombo chete, asiwo kusimbisa bhizinesi rayo.
2. Sangano reEgypt rakabata "Sekem". Iyo ikambani yakasiyana-siyana yakatanga basa rayo nekuderera kwekushandiswa kwezvipembenene muminda yekotoni. Nokufamba kwenguva, chiremba wezvechiremba, zvikoro, yunivhesiti, nzvimbo yekudzidzisa vanhu vakuru yakazarurwa pamusana pebasa.
3. Chipatara cheOphthalmological "Aravind" (India). Kliniki inopa mazano akaenzana kuvarombo varombo.
4. British fund UnLtd. Yakanga yakatangwa nemasangano manomwe asingabatsiri. Nheyo inopa zvipo kune vagari venyika uye inopa rubatsiro runobatsira nenzira yakasiyana-siyana yekudzidzisa.

Makambani eRussia

MuRussia, iyo inonyanya kukosha inogona kunzi mupiro wechiri "Our Future". Yakanga yakatangwa nemuiti-mutevedzeri uye mutungamiriri weLUKoil V. Alekperov. Nheyo inopa ruzivo, mari uye rubatsiro rwekubatsira kune vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu, kuronga makwikwi emapurogiramu, inotsvaga kubudirira kwemabhizimisi anotsigirwa pane zviratidzo zvakasiyana. Mukuwedzera kune Ramangwana Redu, zvakakosha kucherechedza Murimi weChikoro munzvimbo ye Perm, musangano "Inofara Felt", inoshanda pa Women's Society muRybinsk, Bereznyi vashandi vese salon muTula, zvombo zveMoscow, zvesayenzi uye zvehutano munzvimbo Yekaterinburg "Elfo", sangano revanhu "Care" muNizhny Novgorod, mari ye "Hope" muSt. Petersburg. Muna 2010, zviitiko zvehurumende zveUnited Economic Development zvakabatanidza chirevo che "kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi". Nokuda kweizvi, hurumende dzehurumende dzakatanga kubhadhara zvakanyanya kune izvi zvekugarisana kwevanhu. Masangano ezvidzidzo akatanga kukura zvakanyanya. Pakati pavo, semuenzaniso, zvinogona kuonekwa neNovosibirsk chikoro "Territory Development".

Mhedziso

Dambudziko rezvemagariro evanhu, iro izvo zviito zvemabhizimisi anotungamirirwa, ndiyo kutanga kwebhizimisi rake. Kana pasina nyaya chaiyo inoda kupindira, ipapo hakuzovi nebasa rinokosha. Pachava nechinzvimbo chakanaka nechinangwa chetsika. Kushambadzira mune zvemagariro ndeyekuenzanisa kwebasa revanhu uye bhizimusi. Pano, mari haisi chinangwa, asi nzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko chete, asiwo kuramba uchizvimiririra kune inowanikwa nguva dzose kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Kubvira pakuona kwenhoroondo yenyika, kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi evanhu kunofungidzirwa sechinhu chiduku chechidiki. Kune imwe nyika, inongova nemakore anopfuura makumi matatu chete, uye muRussia - anenge gumi nematanhatu. Asi, pasinei neizvi, masangano emagariro evanhu mazuva ano ari kuenderana nerudo, kusingabatsiri mazano, kushanda kwekambani. Pahurumende huwandu hwemashoko ehurumende huri kuitwa, iyo iyo nzira yekubatana kwebhizimisi yekugadzirisa zvinetso zvevanhu pamwe chete nemagariro ehurumende ichajekeswa zvakajeka. Nhasi, hupfumi hwemagariro evanhu hunobva pamitemo yebhizimisi. Panguva imwe chete, makambani anogara achitaura nzira itsva dzebasa. Pasina mubvunzo, iyi inofanira kuwedzera.