Kulik (shiri): tsanangudzo, nzvimbo, zvokudya

Imwe yeshiri dzinowanzozivikanwa ndeye kurik. Chero muRussia pane mhando dzinenge makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri. Kunze, shiri idzi dzakafanana nenjiva, asi dzakanyatsosiyanisa. Ornithologists vanozviona seboka re Charadriiformes. Tichakurukura mhando dzemaders dzinowanzoitika kakawanda.

Kulik-sparrow

Iyo shiri ndiyo mumiririri kuduku pane waders. Iyo yakawanda haina kudarika 27 gm. Iyo ine muromo mutsvuku wakarurama. Iyo yakareba (kusvika kusvika 10 cm), asi mapapiro mashoma, zviduku zviduku, makumbo ezvivha refu. Mhemberero dzebhokisi, mapuranga, tsvina, mutsipa, mutsi uye masaya ane rust-ocherous hue. Uyewo, marhenga ane pestriny yakaoma. Pasi penhiri yacho yakachena. Mapapiro acho matsvuku-mavara. Nheve dzechipiri pamapapiro dzine zvigadziko zvitsvuku uye kupera kwemavara. Kulik (chinyorwa chinoratidzwa pasi) chinoshandura ruvara muchando. Pamberi pacho kunoratidzika huri-bhuru-hue, pasi inoramba ichireruka, uye pedyo ne goiter pane tsvina-buffy plaque.

Ichi chiduku chinonzi sandpiper is bird tundra. Inogadzirisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana kubva kumahombekombe eNorway kusvikira kumucheto wakadzika weLena. Inogona kuwanikwa kune dzimwe zviwi zveActic Ocean. Dzimwe nguva shiri inogara mumatondo-tundra. Kulik inyoni inofamba uye inoenda kwechando kuAfrica, South Asia uye inosvika kuTasmania. Vamwe vamiririri vanogona kuonekwa kubva kumaodzanyemba kweCaspian Sea.

Kurira uye vana veSparrowbill

Kudzokera kunzvimbo dzavo dzekuzvarwa, shiri dzinenge dzakagadzirira kuiswa. Munguva iyi, sandpiper iri mundiza inobhururuka mapapiro, inovata. Mhando yake inogona kunge yakafanana neminzwi inoparadzirwa nehove. Nzvimbo yedendere iri kazhinji inosarudzwa pasi pegwenzi. Tsvina-spar yakazadza gomba rine uswa hwegore rapera uye inokumbundira zvishoma. Kuvhenekera kwewillows kunogona kushanda seganda .

Kazhinji kune mazai mana mukiki reSparrowhawk, iwo maorivhi-maronda. Asi kazhinji ruvara rwavo runogona kuva rwakasiyana chaizvo. Amai akarara, sekutonga, ari pamagumo aJune, uye pakati kana pakupera kwegore rinotevera kune pasi jaketi. Sekuvamba kwaAugust, mapoka acho anogona kunyatsopedzwa, asi haakwanisi kubhururuka. Asi vasati vagona kubhururuka, vana vedzimba dzekunakirwa dzemhuri dzakasiyana-siyana vachakwanisa kubatana mumapoka avo. Izvo "vatori vechikamu" vanova mhepo, uye boka rechangobva kuumbwa rinotanga kufamba rokumusoro, richigadzirira kubhururuka munguva yechando. Iyi nguva inowira pakati peAgust uye inopera kusvikira mumazuva ekupedzisira eSeptember.

Maitiro uye chikafu cheSparrowhawk

Kungofanana nedzimwe imwe shiri dzinorayirwa nevaders (pane dzimwe nguva kune dzimwe nguva), mumiriri wemarudzi aya ane unhu hwakanyanyisa. Shiri dzakanaka uye dzakadzikama dzimhanya uye hazvikakavadzani. Vanofudzawo zvakare nekunyarara uye kazhinji kanyarara. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoiti, vanogona kutaurirana vakanyarara pamwe chete panguva yekudya kwavo. Panoona munhu wacho vanoramba vachizvibata zvakadzikama.

Nheyo yezvokudya ndeyezvipembenene. Dzimwe nguva shiri dzinogona kuwana makustaceans uye mollusks. Uyewo idzi dzinodhaka dzinoda ropaworms uye mapuropa ezvirwere zvemvura.

Midget-waders

Iyi mapepa ine makumbo akasimba uye muromo wakareba wakarurama. Iko mavara akabatanidza mavara madema uye machena, asi dzimwe shiri dzinogona kuve dzine shazha kana shazha mumapupa. Munharaunda iyi kune vamiririri 4, izvo zvinogona kubatanidzwa kuva imwe yemhando. Asi kazhinji kacho pane pane palik-makumi mana. Ukuru hweshiri iyi yakafanana neyeiyo yenjiva. Iye, pamwe chete nevamwe vamiririri vemuzasi uyu, ane ruzivo rwakasimba rwemhepo. Mune vamwe vanhu, hazvigoni kumutswa. Mukuwedzera, muromo unomanikidzwa gare gare. Mune iders iyo inogara kumaodzanyemba, muromo wacho unopfupika. Yakave yakakura "magpies" ine mutsvuku, musoro, chikamu chemashure, chikamu chemapapiro uye kuguma kwemuswe. Mamwe mapepa akachena zvakachena.

Izvo shiri dziri pasi peziso dzine duku duku. Shiri dzekuchamhembe dzinogona kusiyaniswa kubva kumaodzanyemba nekumwe kuwanda kwemavara pamapapiro. Asi vamwe vanoita magpie, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekugara kwavo, inogona kunge yakasviba zvachose. Waders yeRussia inorema magiramu 500. Mapapiro avo akareba kusvika masendimita makumi mana.

Kuparadzirwa

"Magpies" inoparadzirwa pedyo nemidziyo yezizi dzeEastern Europe, asi iri pedyo neavo vanotungamirira mvura yavo kumaodzanyemba. Vanogonawo kuwanika kubva kumhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dzvuku neBarents. Izvozvi shiri dzinofarira kugara pedyo nemabhesheni emirwizi yeCentral Asia neWestern Siberia. Vagari vomuKamchatka vanozivawo shiri iyi yakajeka. Nzvimbo yavo haisi yeRussia chete. Vanogara pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa reEurope (Kumadokero nekuMadokero), America, Australia, Africa, New Zealand, Tasmania. Munharaunda dzedu, shiri idzi dziri kufamba uye dzinoenda kuAsia kana Africa panguva yechando.

Nesting "Forty"

Vanodzokera kumusha panguva dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo. "Zvizvarwa" zvekuMoscow kunosvika munaApril, uye muKandalaksha Bay dendere rakadaro sedenga kusvika May. Kudzoka kubva kubusika shiri dzinokamukana mumapoka, uye kutanga kunotanga. Munguva iyi, vanobhururuka vachichema, vachikwevera pasi muromo mukutambudzika. Nzira yavo iri munzira yakarurama. Flew kune imwe nzvimbo, vanodzoka zvakare. Mukufambisa kwakadaro kunogona kutora chikamu che gumi "kuroora". Iboka iri reuders rinoputsika zvishoma nezvishoma rikaita mapaundi maviri, ayo anodzingwa kunzvimbo dzavo dzekugara. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mitambo iyi inotungamirirwa neshiri kudarika makore matatu, panguva ino inova yakakura. Pedyo neGungwa reBarents, kuputika kwakadaro kunoitika munaJune.

Gadzira matendere avo magpie waders pamahombekombe egungwa, uko kune zvipfeko zvine rutivi rwakakura rwemhenderekedzo, kazhinji iyo mapapiro nemahara. Mhenderekedzo yacho inogona kuva sandy, dombo, kubata, shellfish. Kana shiri dzikararama mukati mekondinendi, dzichiri kusarudza mhenderekedzo yemakungwa kana nzizi. Muchikamu chepakati, yakataurwa kanopfuura kamwechete kuti waders inogara sei muminda umo pasina dongo riri pedyo.

Vakaroorana vane nzvimbo yavo ye okologedzdovoy, iyo inorinda. Asi, pasinei neizvi, ivo vose vanogona zvikuru muvakidzani nevakuru vavo. Kulik ishiri, inozivikanwa nechimiro chekare chechivara. Saka, "magpies" vanoita fossa vasingateereri munharaunda uye vanoitora. Mune mazamu pane kazhinji mazai matatu, asi dzimwe nguva 4 kana 2. Mazai avo akareba muhukuru, 5-6 cm yakareba. Vabereki vose vari kubatanidzwa mukubatanidza, uye vanowanzobudirira. Nasizhivanie inosvika kusvika mazuva makumi mana.

Pazuva rokubvisa, majekisi pasi ari kutouya achibva mudendere, asi kwete kure, kuitira kuti vagone kudziya ivo pamusoro pevabereki vavo. Shiri dzinoda kuchengetedza vana vavo. Dzimwe nguva vanodya kubva kure uye, saka, vanogona kunonoka nekudya, uye ipapo vana vanoparara kubva pakushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Nestlings haakwanisi kuzvidya ivo kwenguva yakareba. Saka, vabereki vanofanira kutarisira mavhiki matatu evana vane nzara.

Masayendisiti akatsigira kuti panek (chinyorwa chinoratidzwa pamusoro) chakasungirirwa kune nzvimbo yekuchengetedza nzvimbo, uye kudzoka kubva kunzvimbo yechando, inotora nzvimbo yayo yekare.

Simba readers-makumi mana

Zvokudya zvezvikara izvi zvakasiyana. Ivo vanogona kubata mhirizhonga panyika, mvura isina mvura uye vachichera kunze vakavigwa pasi. Saka, pane menyu yeaders-makumi mana ikoko kune makustaceans, mollusks, polychaetes, makungu, zvipembenene uye mabukira. Kana zvichikwanisika, vanogona kubata zvishoma fry. Kuti ifukidze shell yekristaceans, vanoshandisa muromo wakasimba. Nhove duku dzeshiri dzinogona kutakura kumatombo uye dzinoisa mumapanga kuti zvive nyore kuzarura mhuka. Kana akabatwa ari pasi pedombo, shiri yacho inoiputsa kana kuisa muromo pasi payo. Vagari venharaunda yeOrenburg vanoti kana mushure mekudiridza minda iyo inowanzofambisa shiri uye magpi inoparadza mashizha.

Description of blacksmith black magpie

Ava vamiririri vesangano racho vakasiyana nevaders vanojairika, makumi mana makuru makuru. Nehukuru, vanogona kusvika 700 g.Mvura yavo inosviba muvara. Misi yakachena uye yakasviba inoshaikwa zvachose. Muchivara kune zvishoma tones temavara, kazhinji kumashure, pasi uye chikamu chemapapiro. Kureba kwechiremerera kunobva kubva pa6,5 kusvika ku 8,5 cm Uyewo chinhu chinosiyanisa ndicho chindori chakakomberedza mavara matsvuku. Mitsika yakasimba ine ruvara rwepinki rwakanyarara. Mukadzi akasiyana nemurume kuburikidza nechirwere chekare uye muviri wakaoma.

Kulik-magpie black inowanika muNorth America (kumadokero kwegungwa). Muzasi, shiri idzi dzinotungamirira hupenyu hwakagara. Pedyo kusvika kuchando pano panofambisa feathered kuchamhembe. Vanonyanya kugara panzvimbo dzine matombo egungwa uye vanodzivirira nzvimbo nenzvimbo dzakashata.

Kulik-shovel

Iyi mhuka yeaders yakasiyana zvakanyanya neye congeners, sezvo yakagadzirirwa sarudzo yakakosha. Kuguma kwacho kunowedzera, kufanana ne spatula. Iyi mhuka inonyanya kushandiswa. Saka, panguva yekudyisa, anonyatsotsanangura musoro nemusoro uye panguva ino vanokurumidza kupinda mumvura, achifamba pamusoro pemimba. Inogona kuchinja zvakananga uye inomhanyira kune imwe nzvimbo inopesana, ichisiya "spatula" mumvura. Iyo yakareba mapapiro inowanzoita 10 cm.

Kupararira kwepakati hakukwanisi. Nzvimbo yayo inyika yeChukchi, kubva kuCape Vankarem kuenda kuAnadyr Gulf. Nokuti wintering ichi irik inoenda kuSouth-Asia. Dzimwe nguva pamakwikwi shiri iyi inosangana nemamwe marudzi euders maduku. Kunyange zvazvo foshoro ine chinyorwa chisina kujairika chimiro, hachina kutarisa chinosvibisa uye chinotora, saka pakutanga painoona zvinogona kuvhiringidzika newaigara uchiita. Iyi mhuka haina kuwanda uye haifariri kupararira munzvimbo dzakawanda, naizvozvo iri pamabhuku eRobert Book reRussia.

Kulik-Dotysh

Iyi mhuka yeaders ine mushure mutsvuku uye ine mheto mitsvuku yakasiyana. Nadhvoste black. Chest uye goiter marara mutsvuku uye kuiswa kwemavara. Mhuri inorema inenge 100 g, vakadzi - kusvika kune 72 g. Kureba kwephipi kunowanzosvika 13 cm.Shiri inofarira kugara mumatunda eCanada neAlaska. Inogonawo kugara mudunhu reSiberian (kuchamhembe), kubva kuChikkchi peninsula kusvika kumabvazuva kweTaimyr. Kunyanya ichangobva kuitika, zvakaonekwa kuti VaMoja vakafamba vachienda kuEurope, saka ornithologists havaregi tariro yokuti vana ava vachakurumidza kugara kumadokero kwayo.

Nyeredzi dzinogara kuSiberia, mumatumbi, dzinoenda kuAlaska, uko dzinosvika kumaodzanyemba. Vanopedza nguva yechando munzvimbo dzakadziya - South America, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile.

Kudzokera kunyika dzavo dzekumba, shiri dzinotanga mitambo yemuchato. Pakati pezvimwe zvose zvakafanana neminhenga, ndiyo Dulcus-Kulik iyo inokwezva kutarira. Iyo shiri inotanga kukwira kumucheto muduku uye, ichivhuvhuta mutsipa wayo, inoita seinzwi semutambo. Uyewo murume anogona kuronga kushanda, achimhanya nehuro yakatsamwa pedyo nevakadzi. Mune dzimwe nzira anotarisa semusiki weguru munguva yekutora. Mushure mokunge vaviri ava vakagadzirwa, mukadzi wacho anobatanidza masvingo, uye murume wacho anotenderera kune imwe nzvimbo.

Crank

Izvozvi shiri dzinosvibiswa muvara uye dzinogadziriswa uye dzakaputika pasi muromo. Asi chinhu chikuru icho vamiririri ava vanocherechedza ndechokuti ivo ndivo vakanyanya kudarika yevirer genus. Mukadzi ari kutamba mitambo yekusangana pedyo neakasanangurwa. Ari pasi, anokwidza mapapiro ake, anotungira muromo wake pasi uye achikwira, anoputira uye anotora muswe shure. Maviri aripo anoramba akatendeka kune mumwe nemumwe.

Nzvimbo yedendere iri kusarudzwa nemurume. Iye, akamanikidzira pasi, akaisa gomba mugomba. Pedyo negomba rekutanga, anobudisa zvishoma. Mukadzi anosarudza mumwe waanoda, uye vaders vanomukomberedza neuswa. Pano, musikana anoisa imwe, asi mazai makuru emuorivhi ane mavara machena. Mushure mekugara kwemazuva mashomanana, anounza mazai anotevera, uye anokwanisa kuzadzikisa mazamu nechechitatu nechina. Mukubvisa, zvose iye uye iye anoshanda nesimba. Pamberi pekuonekwa kwechigamba chekutanga chinofanira kupfuurira kubva pamasere makumi maviri nemaviri kusvika kumakumi mana. Vose vana vanoteverwa nevabereki vose. Mhou dzichava dzakagadzirira kutiza pazera remwedzi unopfuura. Mushure meizvi, mhuri dzakawanda dzine vana dzakabatana mune imwe boka uye dzinotanga kufamba kwavo. Kwechando vanoenda kuSouth Asia kana Africa. Kuenda kunoitika kare, kusvika munaAugust, asi vamwe vanhu vanogona kugara kusvikira munaSeptember. Dzimwe nguva muGermany neEngland idzi dzakasarudza kushandura nguva yechando panzvimbo iyo.

Munyika yedu, kune mashanu madiki e-curlews, uye kune vasere chete vavo.

Gershchnep

Icho chiduku chiduku zvikuru. Kurema kwayo ndiko 60 gramu chete. Asi panguva imwechete vatsva vazhinji havaregi mukana wekumubata, nokuti nyama yake inonaka kwazvo. Asi kune avonithologists, kufarira mukumiririra matamba aya. Kuti inzwe inzwi remuffered, rakabudiswa nekunonoka, zvinogoneka mumhepo yakadzikama uye ine makore. Hazvibviri kubata kuti kuimba kunobva kupi, nokuti irik inokwira kumusoro uye inomhanya zvikuru. Inzwi re shiri dzinotamba mumitambo yekubata yakafanana nekupamba-famba pasi remakondohwe: "top-top-top".

Waders waders

Munyika yedu shiri iyi yakajairika, uye, zvichida, vakawanda vaifanira kuzviona, vachienda kune zvakasikwa. Izvo zvakasvibiswa, zvakasiyana nezvakawanda zvehama dzayo, inofadza zvikuru kune vatsva, sezvo nyama yayo ine nyoro uye inonaka.

Anogona kuzivikanwa nedzimwe zita - "spindle", "nettigel", uye dzimwe nguva inonzi "cochlea". Muchiyero shiri iyi inoratidzika senjiva, asi kubva mumuromo wayo, mitsipa nemakumbo zvakaparadzana, zvinoratidzika sezviri kukura. Ruvara rwemapuranga yellowish-reddish. Mukadzi mukuru mukukura, ane feathers yakajeka. Kunyange zvazvo mutsipa womurume wakawanda kwazvo. Kubvira panguva yechando kusvika kumvura, shiri dzinodzokera pakati pechitubu. Gore negore vanoramba vari munzvimbo yavo, asi kuchinja hugaro hwavo kunogona kumanikidza kuomeswa kunze kwegungwa. Muchiitiko ichi, vanotora imwe maruva, pasina kuwedzeredza. Vabereki vaviri vanotarisira vana. Asi dzimwe nguva kutarisirwa zvakanyanya kunouraya dendere uye vana. Achida kutyisa dzimwe shiri nemhuka dzinoparadza, mukomana ipapo anopa nzvimbo yake kuvashambadzi. Zvinosuruvarisa, chishuvo chisingadikanwi chevanhu kuti vawane pfuma chakakonzera kuparadzwa kwezvizvarwa zvose zvemvura yakasviba.