Mackenzie (rwizi). Tsanangudzo, geographical place

Mackenzie ndiro rwizi rukuru kune rumwe rutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kweAmerica, kunyanya Canada. Kureba kwayo kunopfuura 4000 km. Kubva munyaya ino unogona kudzidza zvakawanda zvinofadza pamusoro pegungwa iri.

Kubva kwezita racho

Rwizi rurefu muCanada rune zita mushure mokutsvakurudza uye anoona, Scotsman Alexander Mackenzie. Ndiye iye akaita rwendo rwokutanga mumvura ayo muna 1789. Rwizi urwu rwunofarira veEurope senzira inogona kutungamirira kuPacific Ocean. Asi Mackenzie irwizi rusingakwanisi kutungamira kuPacific gungwa, sezvo rakadzikidzwa kubva kumadokero neRedy Mountains.

Zita rokutanga rorwizi muchiChirungu rinoreva "kuora mwoyo", kana kuti "kusagutsikana." Zvichida kuti mukuru wekutsvakurudza akaita chisati chakanakidza.

Geographical nzvimbo yeRwizi rwaMackenzie

Mvura yeMackenzie inoyerera ichienda kuchamhembe-kumavirazuva kwenyika. Kutenda kumarudzi akawanda, iyo ramwizi river system. Inenge ine 20% yeCanada. Gungwa remvura rinogara pakarepo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeCanada. Inosanganisira mazana akawanda echiCanada. Nzira huru iyo rwizi runopfuura nomunyika dzenharaunda yenyika, iyo inonzi Northwest Territories.

Mackenzie anobva kuGreat Slave Lake. Ndiyo dziva rakadzama pane North America. Yakadzika iri 614 mamita. Iri dziva rakanyatsotaridzirwa chimwe chezvishamiso zvekugara kwemukati. Mackenzie inopinda muhombe yeGungwa reBeaufort yeActic Ocean. 11% yemutambo wose ndiwo mvura yayo.

Pamusangano wenzvimbo iyi, iyo mhirizhonga ye delta yemafuta eMackenzie, inobata nzvimbo yakakura - inenge 12 000 sq. Km. Km. Pano ivhu rakanamirwa ne permafrost.

Kumadokero-iyo iri munharaunda iyi inotakura mvura yayo Mackenzie. Rwizi rukaita mupata kubva paupamhi hwemhepo yose uye mvura-glacial deposits. Iyo yakafukidzwa zvikurukuru nemusango wepruce uye yakasvibiswa.

Tsanangudzo yerwizi

Mackenzie haisi chete rwizi rurefu kumucheto kweAmerica, asiwo rakadzika zvakakwana. Saka, yakakodzera kufamba. Pairi muzhizha muna 2000 km ngarava dzemvura dzinoenda. Asi iyo nzira yerwizi uye munguva yechando inoshandiswa mune zvoupfumi, zvisinei, zvisingawanzoitiki. Inzira yechando yemotokari ndeyechando Mackenzie. Rwizi urwu runoumba ice rakaoma uye rakasimba. Uturu hwahwo hunogona kusvika kusvika mamita maviri, saka kufamba kwemoto kwakachengeteka zvachose.

Sezvo gungwa iri rinoreva mahedheni emvura, inodyisa zvikuru pamusoro pechando-mvura inonaya. Munguva yekunyunguduka kwechando nechando, mafashamo makuru anowanzoitika. Mamiriro ekunze eCanada akaoma zvikuru. Mukuona kweizvi, Mvura yeMackenzie iri pakati nepakati kuchamhembe kwenyika yakafukidzwa nechando kwemwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu: kubva pakati paOctober kusvika pakutanga kwaMay. Dzimwe nguva kuvhara kwechando kunogona kupera kusvikira kutanga kwaJune, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pasi dzegungwa.

Rwizi ruchayerera kupi uye rwuri sei?

Rwizi rweCanada runopfuurira nomunharaunda yakawanda yenyika. Iyi nharaunda inosanganisira zvikuru masango nemasango-tundra. Sezvo mutemo, izvi hazvina vanhu vanogara, zvisingawanikwi nenzvimbo yevanhu. Mhenderekedzo yeMackenzie, yakafukidzwa nemasango, inofadza zvikuru. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemhuka dzesango, kusanganisira dzose dzakakurumbira grizzly bears. Nzvimbo dzakawandisa dzine mvura yakawanda-inenge 18% yenharaunda yose yegungwa. Zvose pedyo neMvura yeMackenzie, mufananidzo waro unoratidzwa munyaya ino, une nzira yakakura kwazvo, inogona kusvika 5 km. Mvura yakadzikama, zvishoma. Misiyano iri kumusoro kubva kune Mackenzie kumuromo wayo yakanyanya kuduku uye inopfuura mamiriyoni 150 mamita.

Chokwadi chinofadza

Pedyo nechokumaodzanyemba kwekugara kweCanada, Tuktoaktuk, uko muromo weMackenzie River uripo, pane hydrolakkolites, kana pingos. Aya ndiwo makomo akafanana nemakona. Izvo zvinosanganisira marara uye zvimwe zvikamu zvevhu, izvo zvakanyatsodonhedzwa kubva mumatumbo epasi kusvika kumusoro pasi pesimba rechando kubva pasi. Zvikomo zvinogona kusvika mamita makumi maviri kumusoro uye anenge mamita mazana matatu paupamhi.

Mumvura yeMackenzie, kune mhando dzinomwe makumi mashanu dzehove. Chinhu chinonakidza ndechokuti vazhinji vamiririri vemhuka vanofananidza neavo vanogara muRwizi rwaMisissippi. Masayendisiti vane pfungwa yokuti munguva dzakapfuura idzi dzimba dzinogona kusanganiswa nemakungwa nematare.

Rwizi nhasi

Mackenzie ndiyo huru yekutakura arteri. Yakatakura zvinhu zvose muchando uye muzhizha. Nhamba yekuchinja kwemwaka kwemwaka mumvura inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura. Madzimai akawanda akavakwa pairi. Havasi kungobudisa simba rinodiwa kumunhu, asiwo kurwisa mafashamo panguva yemvura yakakwirira. Muzasi, yakave yakakwanisa kukura zvirimwa.

Nharaunda yeMackenzie Basin yakafuma mumaminerari:

1. Mafuta.
2. Gesi.
3. Namazimbe.
4. Ndarama.
5. Tungsten.
6. Potassium munyu.
7. Sirivha.
8. Uranom.
9. Diamond nevamwe.

Tinoonga zviitiko zviri mumunda wekumigodhi, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzisina kunaka muMackenzie Basin dzashandurwa dzikaitwa nevanhu. Mackenzie irwizi rune mabhanga ayo anenge akaputirwa zvachose nemasango. Nokudaro, kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemafuta zvakanyatsosvika pano. Vaparidzi 1 chete veCanada vanogara mumudziyo - vanenge 400 000 vanhu chete. Iyi inenge 0,2 vanhu pa1 square. Km. Asi munguva pfupi yapfuura ecotourism yakaita basa rinowedzera kukosha munharaunda yezvematongerwe enyika.

Rwizi rweMackenzie inzvimbo inonakidza yevashanyi - vanofamba-famba vanogona kufamba rwendo nechikepe kana chikepe. Kwete yega yega gore negore zviuru zvevanhu vanobva kumativi ose enyika vanouya pano.