"Kugara kufanana upenyu," Chukovsky. Summary ongororo

First Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky kunzi nemunyori nhetembo zvevana pamusoro Moidodyr uye zvinobhururuka chair. Asi sezvo ari munyori uye mabhuku mutsoropodzi yave waitsigira kuti richengetedzwe yavapenyu, vakagwinya mutauro Russian. Book hwakatsaurirwa nyaya "Kurarama se upenyu" (rakatanga kubudiswa muna 1962.) yazova chaiwo. About kwayo kugutsikana nhasi uye tozotaura.

Chapter One: "Old uye itsva"

Nyaya yakakurumbira gweta uye Academician Anatoly Koni rinovhura chitsauko chokutanga "Kurarama se upenyu" (Chukovsky), pfupiso iyo zvino tiri kutarisana nayo. Anatoly aiva murume mutsa kwazvo. Asi chete kusvikira nguva akadai penga akanzwa mashoko Russian. Ipapo kutsamwa kwake kunge vachabata denga, kunyange kazhinji zvechokwadi kunobva haana mhosva.

Chokwadi ndechokuti kunyange honorary academician akwegura. Akaberekerwa uye akamutswa mumazuva apo shoko "hazvo" anoreva "nomutsa noruremekedzo." Asi akawana mamwe kukosha nokufamba kwenguva, uye zvino angadai "Zvechokwadi". Ani naani rakashandisa shoko "zvakakodzera" mukati zvinoreva "rinoreva zvose", pakarepo akawira pasi yakawanda norupi.

Kuchinja uku mutauro, uye sei zvakaipa nguva dzose, kuti "chirwere" nemamwe mashoko Russian anotiudza mubhuku rino, Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky.

Chapter Two: "zvekufungidzira chirwere uye - yechokwadi"

Chii chinogona kuonekwa "chirwere weshoko"? Bhuku "Kurarama se upenyu" (Chukovsky), mumwe Genre iyo inogona kurondedzerwa se pamuchinjikwa pakati venhau uye mitauro tsvakurudzo kunobatsira kunzwisisa mubvunzo uyu.

Maiziva kuti nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin shoko "kusimba" ndizvo kujairika kwatiri - "zvinhu akaoma"? Shoko "mhuri" ajaira, pakutanga raireva varanda uye varanda, uye ipapo - mukadzi. Interesting "Pedigree" uye rokuti "nyangarara". Chokutanga chaiva zita inonaka chaizvo dhishi pakati XVII remakore, vadiwa vanokudzwa. Zvadaro kukanganisa atanga achitaura kurwadziwa mudumbu, akuvadzwa kutaurirwa naMashi. Varwi vakakanda muhari kubika hove unpeeled mujecha, hanyanisi, breadcrumbs, sauerkraut nezvose zvakanga waswedera. Uye zvadaro "kukanganisa" awana zvose zvaizivikanwa "kuvhiringidzika, nyangarara."

transformations izvi - mutauro dzinongoitika iri kukura uye kukura, uye hazvibviri kudzivisa, uye kunyange zvoupenzi, muvambi anodavira.

Chapter Three: "Mune dzimwe nyika mashoko emitauro"

chitsauko ichi inhaurwa kuenderera yapfuura mumwe. Bhuku "Kurarama se upenyu" (Chukovsky), pfupiso yatiri kukurukura, kwaizova kukwana pasina vatorwa mashoko. Korney Chukovsky akanyora zvakawanda tsamba vanhuwo zvavo vane hanya richengetedzwe mutauro wokuRussia. Vazhinji vaitenda kuti mashoko dzekunze dzinofanira kudzingwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Munyori rinopa mienzaniso vatorwa mashoko kare Russian: nemasvomhu, doro, stocking, chikwata, dziite, vhiri, njanji, mano, zvakakomba ... "Zvinoita kudzingira kunze mupenyu pakutaura Russian?" - akabvunza Chukovsky. Zvisinei, anofara kuti mashoko mazhinji okune dzimwe nyika havasi midzi muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye kwete kuribvisa veko Russian. Somuenzaniso, aimbova dzakakurumbira "frishtikat" kumbobvira kusvika munhu mutauro average. Asi, tinofanira "mudye".

Chapter Four: "Umslopogasy"

Fashion nomuromo rutapudzo zvakare asingakwanisi Anotadzira mutauro wokuRussia. Asi basa rake "Kurarama se upenyu" (Chukovsky), ari kuongorora izvo tinopedza, vairamba imwe chitsauko chose. Uye hazvishamisi. It anocheka kuratidza mwero sei kukosha pazvinhu zvose. Somuenzaniso, zvinoderedza akadai nhoo, mari mubhengi, haana Nokutadzira rokushanda kutaura Russian.

Asi mufashoni rutapudzo uye nokuda kwounyanzvi wandei "zvikara". Tverbul Pampush chaizvoizvo - Tverskoy Boulevard, shongwe Pushkin. Massively kupfupiswa mazita - Peter P. akatendeuka Pe Pa vaviri vechikoro nevamwe vadzidzisi. Asi kupfuura zvose vaiva rutapudzo-pallindromy Rosglavstankoinstrumentsnabsbyt, Lengorshveytrikotazhpromsoyuz, Lengormetallorempromsoyuz nevamwe kwakadai.

With ichi zvakafanira kugumisa chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha: zvinoita pfungwa maitiro uye zvinoenderana.

Chapter Five: "vulgarisms"

Vaverengi Kuma1960 rinowanzoshandurwa vaiona mashoko "majee" akadai "Sivolap", "unokutakwairirai", "dzinhuwhe", "marara", "kuridza mhino dzako" uye vakawanda vavo vakaita kuti murume ano zirokwazvo chaivo. Munyori anoyeuka tsamba runouyisa pakero nokuda chokwadi kuti nyaya akashandisa shoko "champ."

It ndeimwewo - a anonyadzisira akariposhera ouduku ano, anonyora mu "upenyu Live somunhu" Chukovsky. Pfupiso chitsauko ndiko kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti jargon akadai "bullshit", "vshendyapilsya" (pane "rudo"), "chuvikhi", "kadrishka" (pane "musikana"), "lobuda," "naka" uye saka kusvibisa Russian chete, asiwo pfungwa kuti zvinomiririra vacho vechiduku.

Author ziso zvakarurama kuti dude uyo vshendyapilsya muna kadrishku kuona kure kwete kutobaya kunzwa rudo, izvo zvinorondedzerwa mundima Alexander Blok. Manyowa mutauro kuburikidza vulgarschiny kunotungamirira tsika kudzikisirana, saka jargon vanofanira kushingaira kunyatsodzurwa.

Chapter Six: "Stationery"

Kuti bhuku Korney Chukovsky akapa zita raro kusvikira chete "chirwere," chaiye mutauro Russian "somunhu Live upenyu" - kantselyaritu. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa nyanzvi dzemitauro, kusanganisira muturikiri Nora VaG mubhuku "Shoko wevapenyu nevakafa."

Office - ndiwo mutauro muboka revatungamiriri, mabhizimisi mapepa uye mahofisi. avo vose "kumusoro", "akapa tsamba iyi," "akanyatsojekesa nguva", "maererano ichi", "uye naizvozvo", "pasina", "nemhaka yokushayiwa", "kuti" zvakasimba vatora nzvimbo yawo ebhizimisi ( Saka dzimwe nguva kusvika upenzi).

Dambudziko ndechokuti Office akapinda mune kuipa anotaurwa mutauro. Zvino, pane "dondo zvakasvibirira" akatanga kutaura "mutema nzvimbo" dzose "bopoto" akava "kurwisana," zvichingodaro. majana aya chomutsara chikwereti kuchengetedzeka izdelovyh kuva "litmus bvunzo." Ndinotenda kuti ose cultured, tsika munhu anofanira kuva mashoko aya ayo duramazwi.

Taura paredhiyo "Gone inorema mvura" kwainzi ichiitirwa uye uncultured. Asi Zvaiita "rinorema kunonaya akadonha kubva." Zvinosuruvarisa, dambudziko harisati rapera kantselyarita. Nhasi, chirwere kwasimbisa nzvimbo yacho kunyange zvakawanda. No musayendisiti haagoni kudzivirira chinyorwa, rakanyorwa zvakajeka, mutauro nyore. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva isu tinogara dzinoisa Stationery mitsara pasina kunyange ndaona. Saka vapenyu, simba, ISKRAN Russian Achitaura anotendeukira vhudzi uye yakaoma. Uye ndiwo chete mutauro chirwere kuti combated.

Chapter Seven: "Kusiyana zvinhu"

Vazhinji ona mutauro wokuRussia sezvo chinhu nako hazvibviri kutsungirira. Iye anonyora mu "upenyu Live somunhu" Chukovsky. Pfupiso rokupedzisira, chitsauko wechinomwe rekuona kuti panguva apo ruzivo neimwe anowanika, kazhinji akazaruka uye manheru chikoro, hapana ane kodzero yokuva kudzidza, haana kuremekedza mutauro wavo.

Mashoko ose zvakaipa uye majana chomutsara zvinofanira kunyatsodzurwa, uye tsika vakawanda vanofanira kumuka pane kuwa. Uye akarurama ataura mutauro ndiyo inoratidza kukura kana kuderera tsika.

zvabuda

K.Chukovsky kudzidza akatanga kupfuura discus kumativi mutauro wokuRussia. Haana vanoomerera munhu divi uye akaita kubva nokungwarira achiongorora mashoko uye pfungwa zvinoenderana. Sezvo K. Paustovsky, Korney Ivanovich aifarira mutauro Russian, saka "upenyu Live somunhu" kusvikira zvino ibhuku akasungwa kuverenga zvose - uye nyanzvi dzemitauro, uye avo vanoda kutanga kumuda vapenyu, nyore mutauro wokuRussia.