Kugadzirwa acetylene

Zvechokwadi vanhu vakawanda chaizvo kuziva kuti shoko - acetylene - kwakabatana pfungwa "vhiniga". Asi chokwadi chokuti acetylene nhasi - ndiwo chete venhumbi anogona kupisa kana mhepo kuwana, uye iro riri kushandiswa mune indasitiri, anoziva kwete vose. Acetylene mupfungwa ngozi kuri chokwadi zvokuti Somuenzaniso, ayo unopfuta unobereka murazvo iine acid tembiricha kuti 3100 ° C.

Kokutanga kugadzirwa acetylene rakanga raitwa Edmundom Devi ari kure 1836. Devi akashanda ari kwakajairika carbide potassium aqueous mhinduro chakaitika maitiro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga chinogona kunyorwa se: k2c2 = C2H2 + 2H2O + 2KOH. Somugumisiro, gasi, vane nzira iri C2H2 uye apo masayendisiti akapa zita dvuuglerodisty rehydrogen.

With kuwanikwa dzidziso radicals Justo Liebig mumwe mapoka maatomu (radicals) uye zita acetyl Zvisinei, zviri vaiona remubatanidzwa wenyika inonyatsoita S2N3. The fuma ndiro, waiva Devi, kwakanzi mishonga sezvo rinobva kuna acetyl. Zvadaro, kana kugadzirwa acetylene yakanga kuitwa wokuFrance Marselenom Berthelot munzira dzakawanda, nefuma wakaunganidza zita raro, iro rinoshandiswa kemisitiri kusvikira nhasi. Berthelot sechinhu morekuru kunoguma remubatanidzwa acetyl, iyo yakatorwa kubva rehydrogen atomu. Yemazuva ano, kugadzirira acetylene Berthelot rinomiririra inotevera muitiro. It kurashikirwa hangaiwa nenharo alcohols - methyl uye ethyl - uyewo kuburikidza huru nyere refu tembiricha.

Zvishoma Papera, muna 1862, acetylene akanga synthesized nomukuru electrochemical maitiro, panguva iyo rehydrogen zvakapfuudzwa pakati electrodes dzakagadzirwa kabhoni. ruzivo aya panguva dzaidhura chaizvo uye va neudhadha, uye saka chete aigona pakunzi yokungotaura chinetso chacho. Chete pakuguma chaipo remakore asati rokupedzisira yagadzirwa nzira akabvumira kumisa munhu mari zvikuru kugadzirwa acetylene. Nzira iyi inobva kuvesa imwe musanganiswa zvinosanganisira anokurumidza madota uye marasha. Izvi zvichaita kuti kushandisa mukomboni sechinhu gasi okuvimba mumugwagwa. Chokwadi chokuti gasi ine wayo sezvamunoita anenge 92,3% kubva kabhoni, pane mukuru tembiricha excrete yakawanda fuma iyi sezvo yakasimba. Kuti vanopa chiedza chaizvo chakajeka. Panyaya iyi combustion tembiricha kunotema kwete chete kwahwo combustion, asi ayo ruvara. The epamusoro kutonhora - kunyanya vamwe vaimbova luminescence ruvara ndiyo kabhoni inoramba. Akazviratidza anodziya, akazadzwa acetylene aigona kupa chiedza anenge gumi nguva kupfuura zvakafanana kana gasi mwenje. Kunyange kana vakatsiviwa yemagetsi chiedza, akashandisa acetylene okuvimba rakaramba bhasikoro mwenje uye omnibuses.

Sezvo kukura indasitiri, zvose zvaida yakawanda yeimwe akadai acetylene. Kuwana pamusoro muindasitiri pamwero akatanga chete muzana remakore rapfuura. Somugumisiro munhu "budiriro" akadaro, kubatana akatanga kushandiswa michina zvinangwa. Nokuti kuvakwa zvinangwa acetylene carbide yaunganidzwa richipedza nemvura. chigadzirwa ichi inozivikanwa zhinji kwazvo kusingafadzi kwakanaka nokuda nouipi zviri izvozvo amoniya uye rehydrogen sulfide. Kutaura zvazviri, mishonga yakaisvonaka fuma ane zvakaneta anzi Watermark kwakanaka. Zviri vakareruka kupfuura mhepo, ivo samolecular kurema acetylene ndiyo 26,038. Gas riri Hauoneki, zviri nyore soluble zhinji emura zvinogadzirisa, kuti solubility pakutsvaga tembiricha chemhinduro.

Current ruzivo zvinopa chokuwana acetylene kubva methane kubudikidza elektrokrekinga - imwe nzira iyo electrode iri kutanga vakapfuura methane gasi ari tembiricha haana kudzika pane 1600 ° C. Zvadaro, kudzivisa manyowa pamusoro acetylene gasi riri pasi nokukurumidza kutonhora. Nzira iyi ndiyo vanobudirira chikamu kupisa yakawanikwa pedyo combustion ane fuma kuti inogona kuendeswa muchidziisa inotevera maitiro kutenderera, ichipa chamazuva kwayo kosi.

Acetylene zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa nomoto uye vakatema nesimbi, kuwana chiedza chinopenya zvikuru chena, nokuti kugadzirwa putika zvinhu.