Kuchinja Matanda paNyika: kakawanda, zvaitika. ramangwana Earth

Redu ane remagineti inogona kuchengetwa Somuenzaniso, achishandisa kambasi. Zvinonzi ainyanya anogadzirwa rinopisa zvikuru yakanyungudutswa chinoumba panyika uye angangodaro aiva akawanda kuvapo nguva paNyika. Field ari dipole, t. E. Ine kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe rinobva danda. Ivo tsono nekambasi vanoti ikarurama kana kumusoro, ukuwo. It sokunge munda magineti pamusoro firiji. Zvisinei, mashoko geomagnetic munda Nyika iri anozadziswa yakawanda shoma kuchinja inoita ringanidzo untenable. Chero zvazvingava, tinogona kutaura kuti ikozvino pane matanda maviri, akacherechedza pamusoro pemvura nyika, mumwe ari kuchamhembe hemisphere uye mumwe ari kuchamhembe.

Geomagnetic munda inversion ndiyo nzira iyo South rinobva danda riri dzikwanise kuchamhembe, uye kuti, uyewo, kunova rwezasi. Zvinofadza kuona kuti simba remagineti anogona dzimwe nguva kuti pasi excursions, pane Kuchinja. Muchiitiko chino, zviri kuwana hombe kuderera racho zvachose simba, ndiko, simba inobaya tsono kubva nekambasi. Panguva munda rwendo haachinji nhungamiro dzaro, uye anomutswa pamwe chete polarity, kureva rwokumusoro rwokumusoro uye kumaodzanyemba-zasi.

kazhinji sei kuchinja Matanda Wepasi?

Sezvo Geological zvinyorwa, remagineti yedu achinja ayo polarity kazhinji. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa pamusoro mapatani inowanikwa kuputika pamatombo, kunyanya abudisa kubva pasi pasi pevhu. Mumakore mamiriyoni 10 mumakore Paavhareji zvakaitika 4 kana 5 majana mumakore ane miriyoni. Pane dzimwe nguva, nhoroondo yedu, Somuenzaniso, panguva Cretaceous nguva, kwaiva kwenguva yakareba kwokuchinja nematanda paNyika. Ndivo zvisingaiti kufungidzira, uye havasi dzose. Naizvozvo, tinogona chete kutaura avhareji inversion penguva.

Ko Wepasi remagineti kunoitika panguva ino? Ndingaratidza kutarisa kuti?

Kuyerwa geomagnetic unhu redu rakaitirwa zvakawanda kana zvishoma rusingaperi kubvira 1840. Vamwe kuyerwa vangatova ndeyemunguva XVI remakore Somuenzaniso, muna Greenwich (London). Kana kutarira zvinoitwa remagineti simba kuchinja pamusoro iyi, tinogona kuona kuderera kwayo. Mberi munguva Data fungidziro anopa razero dipole nguva iri anenge 1500-1600 makore. Ichi chimwe chikonzero nei vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti munda uve tanga inversion. Kubva kare nevhu nehari dziri magnetization zvidzidzo zvicherwa zvinozivikanwa kuti munguva Roman zvakanga kaviri akasimba kupfuura zvino.

Kunyange zvakadaro, nesimba kuitika mumunda haisi kunyanya yakaderera panyaya kuwanda kwayo tsika mumakore 50 000 apfuura, uye kubvira panguva apo kuchinja zvikuru ichangobva zvibatiso paNyika, zvaitora anenge 800 000 makore. Uyezve, kufungisisa chii ambotaurwa pamusoro Tours zvakataurwa, uye achiziva pamusoro ehupfumi ose kwemasvomhu mienzaniso haisi pachena kana zvichibvira kuti extrapolate ari kuchengetwa mashoko kwemakore 1500.

How kutsanya ndiko inversion yamatanda?

Full nhoroondo kanenge imwe dzokai chinoshayikwa, saka mashoko zvose zvinogona kuitwa ainyanya kwakavakirwa kwemasvomhu mienzaniso uye pamwe pane shoma uchapupu vakawana kubva pamatombo kuti wakasara navana rupawo yekare remagineti kubvira panguva inotungamirwa yavo. Somuenzaniso, nokufungidzira zvinoratidza kuti zvachose kuchinja nematanda paNyika anogona kutora kubva zviuru akawanda. Zviri zvakasimba Geological nemashoko, asi zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro kutambudzwa upenyu hwevanhu.

Chii chinoitika munguva chijana? Chii tinoona pamusoro pepasi?

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, tine shoma Data pamusoro mifananidzo Geological chipimo munda kuchinja panguva inversion. Pachishandiswa yokutevedzera, rakagadzirirwa supercomputers, mumwe kuti kutarisira zvikuru kunzwisisa maumbirwo pamusoro pemvura nyika, iyo hakuna kumaodzanyemba uye mumwe rwokumusoro rinobva danda. Earth anotarisira "rwendo" yavo ayo ano nzvimbo kurutivi neequator, uye kubudikidza naye. Vose munda simba pose vanogona kuita zvinopfuura chimwe mugumi kukosha kwayo panguva.

The ngozi wekushandisa

Pasina simba rinonzi magnetic nhoo yazvino achava mukuru pangozi yokuwana semadutu kwezuva. The pangozi zvikuru ndivo satellites. Havana yakagadzirirwa kukurira madutu rezuva pasina munhu remagineti. Saka, kana GPS satellites achamira kushanda, ipapo ndege vose kudyarwa muvhu.

Chokwadi, compasses ndege kuti sezvo negadziriro yeparutivi, asi havana chokwadi haangavi yakarurama panguva iri rinobva danda kusuduruka. Saka, kunyange kuti atadze kushanda zvakanaka GPS satellites vaizova zvakakwana kunyika ndege - zvimwe vanogona kurasikirwa wekushandisa zvavo panguva kutiza.

Court vachasangana nematambudziko chete.

ozone rukoko

Zvinotarisirwa kuti panguva inversion simba remagineti Nyika ozone rukoko zvachose haarambi (uye anoonekazve pashure paizvozvo). Large rezuva dutu panguva dzoro anogona kukonzera Kuparadzwa ari ozone rukoko. Kuwanda ganda nekenza kuwedzera 3 muchirugu. Impact zvose zvipenyu zvakaoma kufungidzira, asi kunogonawo kuva nengozi.

Yekupindurwa rinobva matanda Pasi: chokuita simba

Mune imwe ongororo muhombe rezuva madutu vaizivikanwa fungidzira chikonzero polar inversion. In mumwe - chaikonzera chiitiko ichi ichava kudziya kwepasi, asi zvingava nokuda vawedzere rezuva basa. Panguva aizochinja kudzivirira simba remagineti haangavi, uye kana paine zuva dutu, mamiriro achava kuderera kunyange mberi. Upenyu redu haana kukanganiswa seboka, uye vanhu kuti hakubvi mabikirwo, achava kuitira. Asi remangwana Pasi vachatambura zvikuru kana kudzorwa nokukurumidza kuitika. Electrical network kuchanyarara kuti ishande (vanogona chokukuvadza navo makuru zuva dutu, uye ane inversion huchachinja zvikuru). Pasina magetsi haangavi mvura uye sewerage, gasi dzemapurisa varege kushanda, kumisa zvokudya. The kunyatsoshanda kuti ari zvashata mabasa achanzi kupinda mubvunzo, uye havazokwanisi kukwanisa kukanganisa chinhu. Vanouraya mamiriyoni uye mabhiriyoni vachasangana nematambudziko makuru. Chete vaya vakararama rine zvokudya nemvura, vachakwanisa kukurira mamiriro ezvinhu.

yepasi pose nemwaranzi ngozi

Our geomagnetic munda basa ichivharira vanenge 50% kuti yepasi pose mwaranzi. Naizvozvo, pasina miviri yepasi pose mwaranzi mumatunhu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti izvi zvichaita kuti kuwedzera kunotouraya, zvinouraya zvinokonzerwa ichi havazovi. Ukuwo, chimwe zvinobvira chikonzero ndechokuti poleshift kuwedzera zuva basa. Izvi zvingaita kuti nokuwedzera kwenhamba mhosva nezvimedu kusvika pasi. Panyaya iyi, remangwana enyika vachatongerwa ngozi huru.

Kana kuramba upenyu pasi redu?

Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, Ngwavaira kashoma. The geomagnetic Munda munzvimbo nzvimbo inonzi magnetosphere inoumbwa nemhepo kwezuva. The magnetosphere kusundira kure kwete zvose mukuru-simba inoramba kuti chaibwinya ne Sun pamwe gwenya mhepo uye kumwewo muna Galaxy. Dzimwe nguva, nyeredzi yedu kwave kunyanya kushingaira Somuenzaniso, kana paine yakawanda mavara, uye kunogona kutuma gore inoramba iri mirayiridzo paNyika. Munguva izvi gwenya hadzitani uye in coronal vakawanda ejections, muchadenga kunoongorora zviri pasi Earth muchadenga, ungafanira mimwe kudzivirirwa kudzivisa yepamusoro mishonga nemwaranzi. Saka tinoziva kuti simba remagineti yedu inopa chete zvishomanana, pane izere kudzivirirwa yepasi pose nemwaranzi. Uyezve, mukuru-simba nezvimedu zvinogona nokukurumidza kunyange magnetosphere.

Pamusoro pemvura Earth muchadenga anoita sezvi- unodzivirira layer zvokurega zvose asi zvikuru basa rezuva uye Galactic nemwaranzi. In kusavapo remagineti mumhepo acharamba achiwana dzakawanda mwaranzi. Air mumuhara kunotidzivirira sezvo zvinobudirira sezvo kongiri rukoko 4 mamita paukobvu.

pasina nemigumisiro

Vanhu uye madzitateguru avo vakararama panyika mamiriyoni emakore chakanga yakawanda inversions, uye hapana pachena kuwirirana pakati pavo uye kukura vanhu. Saizvozvowo, nguva chaisazvitsigira hakurevi uwirirane nguva kutsakatika kwemarudzi, sezvinoratidzwa Geological kare.

Vamwe mhuka dzakadai hangaiwa uye hove huru kushandisa geomagnetic munda wekushandisa. Vachifunga kuti kudzorwa zvinoda zviuru makore anoverengeka, kureva nokusingagumi mazhinji mumwe rudzi, zvino mhuka idzi anogona kujaira changing rinobva kwezvakatipoteredza kana kukudziridza dzimwe nzira wekushandisa.

More hwokugadzira tsananguro

Panobva simba remagineti ndiro simbi-vapfumi zvokunwa Nechepakati enyika. It anoita kufamba kunzwisisa kunobva Kupisa convection mukatikati musimboti uye vachishandisa kutenderera nyika. Urume inofamba iri kuramba uye kumborega, kunyange panguva wekushanduka. It chingamisa chete pashure kuneta simba kunobva. Heat anogadzirwa chikamu nokuda kutendeuka emura kuti hwakasimba chinoumba anoda pakati Pasi. Izvi zvinotora nzvimbo dzose kwemabhiriyoni emakore. In yokumusoro chikamu musimboti riri muna 3000? Km pazasi penyika pasi matombo nguo, kuti Urume anogona kufamba aimhanya makumi makiromita ari chinjikira mirayiridzo pagore. Bato Its mhiri huripo simba mitsetse zvibereko dzemagetsi dzenzvimbo, uye ivo, akavapindurawo, vaunze mumwe remagineti. Izvi zvinonzi advection. Kuti yokufudza resango, uye nokudaro dzikamisa r. N. "Geodynamo" zvaida diffusion iro "leakage" munda neerekitironi kuparadzwa kwayo. Pakupedzisira, Urume kubuda pave yakaoma mufananidzo remagineti pamusoro pepasi aine kunzwisisa kuchinja nguva.

Computer Masvomhu

Geodynamo simulations pamusoro supercomputers akaratidza kunzwisisa mumunda wayo maitiro pamusoro nguva. Masvomhu anoratidzawo kuti inversion pamusoro polarity, kana paine shanduko matanda paNyika. In simulations izvi chikuru dipole simba simba kusvika 10% kubva vakakwana (asi kwete razero), uye huripo matanda vanogona famba munyika yose pachiimbwa dzimwe nguva nezasi nematanda.

A simbi romukati chinoumba hwakasimba dzedu yemapuraneti mienzaniso izvi basa rinokosha rwokudzora Kuchinja kwacho. Nokuda kwayo hwakasimba mamiriro hachigoni vaunze remagineti advection, asi chero munda uyo zvakapararira munzvimbo Nechepakati mvura anogona diffuse kana vachipinda menyika. Advection ari Nechepakati, zvinoita sokuti, nguva dzose anoedza invert. Asi apo munda mubishi yomukati chinoumba, pakutanga, asingagari diffuse, kuchinja chaizvo rinonzi magnetic matanda paNyika hazvizoitiki. Zvazvakadaro, yomukati chinoumba ungapikisa diffusion chero minda "mutsva", uye zvimwe chimwe chete kubva gumi vakadai kuedza kuri kubudirira chaisazvitsigira.

rinobva anomalies

Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti, kunyange zvazvo migumisiro izvi kunonakidza mukati mavo, zviri haizivikanwi kana vanogona kunzi kune nyika chaiyo. Kunyange zvakadaro, tine kwemasvomhu muenzaniso remagineti yedu mumakore 400 apfuura, pamwe mangwanani Data kwakavakirwa zvaanorumbidza vengarava uye mutengesi nezvikepe. Extrapolation kune womukati nemamiriro yose hunoratidza kuwedzera pamusoro nguva backflow kumatunhu ari kumuganhu chinoumba uye nejasi. At pfungwa idzi tsono chinongedzo iri nezvatinovavarira, sezvo tichienzanisa dzakapoteredza nzvimbo, mune negwara - kubva mukati kana core. Nzvimbo idzi pamwe neizvi chokubuda kumaodzanyemba Atlantic Ocean panzvimbo yokutanga basa kwakaderera mukuru munda. Vanodawo basa shoma voltage, inonzi Brazilian rinobva anomaly, muzinda riri pasi South America. Munharaunda iyi, inoramba vaine simba anogona kutaura kunyatsotevera paNyika, zvichiita mikana nemwaranzi nokuda satellites mu pasi Earth muchadenga.

Kuchine zvakawanda zvinofanira kuitwa kuti kunzwisisa zvivako yakadzika maumbirwo redu iri nani. Inyika apo kumanikidzwa netembiricha akafanana pemvura zuva, uye kunzwisisa kwedu kwesayenzi iri kwayo muganhu.