Zygote - sero rezvinhu zvipenyu matsva rokutanga. Stage okukura ari zygote

The hweBazi zvose upenyu Panyika ari muchitokisi. Ndicho paumbwe masero matsva rinobvumira muviri kuti akure. Zvokurarama nazvo uye maumbirwo vezvikwata izvi kwakaoma chaizvo uye kunobva chaizvo ari kuenda.

The chidzoke rokuti "zygote"

The kwaita "zygote" izwi iri kadhi kuti nyanzvi yokuGermany Edward Strasburger, uyo akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna kudzidza cytology uye chromosome dzidziso yedzinza. Ndiye mukupera XIX remakore, kutanga vakasvika pakugumisa kuti sero nekupesana pakati chirimwa, mhuka uye muviri womunhu ndiye anenge mumwe chete urongwa.

Zygote: tsanangudzo

Masero Sex (gametes) vanoita kubereka, kureva, nokuda kuvapo kwavo muviri zvichida kurara kubereka. Female gamete - zai iri, vanhu - dzisingaoneki. Mumwe gamete riri haploid (kuroora) yakatarwa okutodza.

Pfungwa yokuti 'ontogeny "zvinosanganisira maitikiro zvose okukura ane muviri kubva pamuviri kurufu. pakutanga kwayo - zvinonzi nourume, kureva Fusion kuti dzisingaoneki uye zai, zvichiguma nokuumbwa zygote. Zviri mashoko majini nevabereki vose. Chii zygote? Biology anopa chaiwo tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi. Tine hwakadzama kuitarisa.

Saka, zygote - munhu diploid masero, ayo inoumbwa Fusion pamusoro gametes. Diploidy kwakakonzera kwakakwana (hunyambiri) yakatarwa okutodza, nerechiHebheru kunobva yemadzibaba uye rwaamai gametes. Kukura zygote kunotanga pakarepo pashure muchangosangana chichiitwa, unonzi muchangosangana.

Cleavage of zygote

Pamusoro kuvakwa muchangosangana kwacho, kunoguma sero kunoita kupinda dumbu. Munzira, atova kutanga kuitika, uye pave unorema zygote. Uyu muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa rine mumatanho anoverengeka.

Pakati nguva wekusangana uye wokutanga mitotic weboka kunosvika maawa anenge 30. Iyi ndiyo nguva apo muviri womukadzi zvose regadziriro urongwa, izvo dzetsika dzemagariro kukura ane muviri mutsva. Kudzivisa zvimwe paumbwe embryo angava akasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti chokuita kwokufara mukadzi muviri. Zvinhu zvakadai zvinosanganisira chromosomal mutation, zvakaipa mararamiro mai (doro, mishonga, kusvuta), kushandisa dzimwe mishonga, zvakakomba zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi zvirwere, etc.

Kubva zygote mudumbu. Danho rekutanga izvi - unorema. Iyi haisi asingashumbi zita. Pashure pakati mapoka is Danho foni kukura, i.e. somugumisiro neimwe chaizvo mumasero hafu kudukupiswa kukura uye kuva duku. Masero mwanasikana akaumba nokupwanywa zygote, vanonzi "blastomeres." The unorema kwacho kunotora kusvikira nguva haina kuumbwa kubva embryo. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti Muviri chinhu nemhaka multi-bhiriyoni dhora weboka zygote.

Danho blastula uye gastrulation

Blastomeres ine mbiri akaturikidzana. Kwokunze yakabatana segirazi nevamwe. Inonzi trophoblast (inotonhorera mashizha), uye kuruvanze - embryoblast (embryo shizha). Zvishoma nezvishoma, munguva akadzokorora zviparadzanise maviri akaturikidzana vakaumba mhango mukati iyo mvura mvura ikwanise kuwanika. iyi ndiyo blastula chokutambudzika.

Kubereka embryoblast masero achabatsirwa kukura parusvingo mhango. Somugumisiro, pane pakuonekwa rechipiri rukoko embryoblast iyo inowanikwa mondo chinu. Panguva imwe chete iyi, unorema embryoblast vakaumba fetus utachiona dzikarongwa parimwe matanda. Zviri Panguva iyi embryo zvasvika dumbu. Uyezve pane ayo vasunungurwe kubva Kamudzira uye segirazi muchibereko.

Trophoblast uyu muitiro inoita basa rinokosha, nekuti masero ayo, ane proteolytic ehupfumi, akanyauka epithelium panzvimbo embryo achabatanidza kusvika lining yacho dumbu. Somugumisiro, mashoko epithelium anova lactescent guru.

zygote pavaipfuura kukura nokukurumidza kubudirira mumwe. Blastula vatendeukira gastrula anomiririra maviri rukoko chibharuma. The rokunze rukoko - ndiko ectoderm, yakaderera - endoderm.

organogenesis

Zygote - sero rezvinhu zvipenyu matsva rokutanga. The yose akagadzirwa zvaida kuti upenyu miviri pakutanga kuumbwa navo. The chaizvo urongwa dzidzo zviremera rinonzi organogenesis. kutanga kwayo Kunoonekwa nokuva paumbwe Neural bwendefa kuti rikaitika ectoderm iri dorsal divi embryo. Uyezve primordia simuka dzimwe nhengo uye enyika ganda uye tsinga (ectoderm); zvomudumbu uye kufema system (kubva endoderm); zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ezvinhu, kweropa, excretory uye dzokubereka nehurongwa (kubva mesoderm). Uyezve, kusvika pakuzvarwa, izvi hurongwa dzinokudziridzwa uye akavandudzika.

post-embryo budiriro

Nguva iyi inotanga kubva pakuzvarwa kusvikira kutanga kuyaruka. Zvichienderana padanho sangano zvipenyu, pane mhando mbiri pakati embryo kukura.

1. Direct kukura. Panyaya iyi, mwana ari kwokunze uye dzimwe nyaya dzakafanana vabereki vavo. Kusiyana vari kukura uye underdevelopment vamwe nhengo. Ndiwo maitiro kuti shiri, mhuka, kusanganisira vanhu.
2. Kunanga kukura. In kwakadai kukura, mwana (dukutu) ane misiyano yakawanda nevabereki vavo. Characteristically matatya nezvipembenene.

Zygote - foni rinogadzirwa makaseti genotype vabereki. Asi nedanho kukura mumasero embryo kutanga akasiyana marongerwo uye mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Izvi imhaka yokuti mamwe majini kushanda mamwe masero, apo vamwe kumwewo. Saka, muviri chisinganzwisisiki STRUCTURAL gadziriro, iyo inobva zygote.