Iyo mafuta yakadururirwa muinjini muchando?

In yechando, kana kunaka mhepo tembiricha injini kutanga zvakawanda zvakaoma. A kutanga inotonhora, kunyanya mu Diesel injini kunoda yakakwirira voltage anodawo gadziriro uye anoshivirira mutyairi. Kuti zvive nyore Mupumburu kubudikidza crankshaft, zvinokosha kuziva chaizvoizvo chii mafuta mutsa zadza muchando mumotokari muinjini.

mugadziri wacho kurumbidza

Chokutanga pakusarudza chando lubrication anofanira kureva mugadziri wacho audzwa. motokari mumwe anouya nemirayiridzo manual, umo mugadziri rinoratidza zvakajeka kuti mafuta mutsa nokudurura kupinda chando womuenzaniso ichi (izvo hachizi uye chii mikana). Kana bhuku basa upi chikonzero kana pasina ruzivo mariri haishandi (somuenzaniso, mavanga kwakadaro nderechinyakare uye vasisiri ikabereka), nemvura vachafanira kusarudza, inobva parameters uye tolerances. Kana vari kunze zuva, uye lubrication izvi zvinodiwa hakusi tonotora, iwe ipapo unofanira kuongorora makemikari ezvinhu kumusika kunyatsotevera kuti motokari, sezvo zvichiita kuti kuvimba chete pamusoro pachavo uye pachavo ruzivo. Advance vanofanira kujekesa kuti hazvina zvakakodzera kutenga mafuta, inobva muromo mutengesi kana dzinovaka nekuvazikanwi. Zvinosuruvarisa, paavhareji mutengi havagoni kuva nechivimbo muna kugona uye kuvimbika vatengesi, uye kubva shamwari inogona kuva akasiyana muchina, saka kuti zvakakodzera kwenyu "kumedza" angava yakaipisisa kuzvipedza.

Types mafuta injini avo makemikari anoumba

Pakutanga kushandiswa motokari chete chicherwa injini mafuta. The zita "chicherwa" anotaura woga - zvinoreva kuti Urume wakagadzirwa dzinongoitika zvinhu (mafuta). Asi mafuta chicherwa injini nokuti chando categorically usingakwani muchikwata, kunyanya munzvimbo idzodzo umo tembiricha anowira zvakanaka pazasi -10 Celsius - nayo chete yaita chando injini.

Zvino rakavambwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta injini kubudikidza kwetunhu mamorekuru kuti dzipe zvichidzika chete parameters kana kuchinja kushanda tembiricha.

Pane zvichiri akatarira sezvo Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta. Izvi dzinongoitika hwaro pamwe kuwedzera chakagadzirwa mapfundo.

Mumwe mhando ine mikana ayo uye nekuipira. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvicherwa Kuronga Urume hakusi akakodzera kushanda panguva yakaderera tembiricha asi vanorichenesa injini kubva sludge uye emadhaka zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma, otslaivaya "marara" zvidimbu zvidiki. Zvadaro, kana vachiitsiva nokungoti kushanda anoratidza.

Semisynthetics ane kurwisa kukuru kuti tembiricha kuchinja, asi mafuta uyu injini munguva yechando uyewo haana rakakodzera, sezvo pasi tembiricha pachikumbaridzo hahusvikirwi, kana kuonekwa pamusoro lämpömittari.

The chakaita zvokugadzirwa mvura ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa dzave dzaona kuti siyana tembiricha (zvichienderana Kunyora), asi asingaiti chisanyanya ehupfumi kushanda panguva kudziyisa kana kutonhora injini, nehasha kutaura, chakaita zvokugadzirwa "akagadzirisa". Asi kana injini yamboshandiswa kbps kana kukodzera lubricating "kemisitiri", uye akafukidza mukati Rakasimbisa sludge uye chin'ai, kufambira yokuzviparadzanisa "marara", saka kuti mafuta ndima uye Sefa anogona kuitika kana Kuenda yepamusoro chakaita zvokugadzirwa scored. Zvino kubhadhara kugadzirisa injini, hazvifaniri chisingakoshi. Saka kana iwe hauzivi uchidururwa mberi uye sei zviuru makiromita vaifamba pasina yokutsiva zhinji, zvakanakisisa nokudurura kupinda injini rokutsvaira fluid uye zvadaro mafuta itsva, uye zvinogara akawanda hunotevedzana kuti yokutsiva kakawanda kupfuura ndakarumbidzwa ari mugadziri.

viscosity

Kana uchisarudza kuti mafuta mhando kuzadza chando, chokutanga tinofanira kuteerera viscosity - zviri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zviratidzi ose mabasa ari mafuta.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti injini nhengo kana kushanda kwiza imwe panguva kumhanya. Pakati pavo vanofanira kuvapo mafuta firimu iyo, kurudyi mumwe, kuchaderedza mvongamupopoto simba, uye naizvozvo, kudziyisa uye vanopfeka, uye Ukuwo, kuchaita tightness kubudikidza kukweshera (semuenzaniso, sepombi). Kana injini mafuta munguva yechando uchakomborerwawo gobvu, kureva, uchava yepamusoro viscosity, kuti hurongwa achapiwa ose kufamba yakaoma, vachikumbira kuwedzera kuita uye basa rakaoma injini goho achava pasi. Kana mafuta iri mutete, zvichava nyore ichiyerera nemativi pasina kupa interlayer pakati pistons uye humburumbira masvingo, i.e. mvongamupopoto inochera simbi zvichabviswa kwezvinoshandiswa.

The kushanda tembiricha yacho injini ari dzichichinja. Kana muchina iri, tembiricha akaenzana ambient tembiricha. Kana injini rematsutso pamberi kutamira kure, tembiricha inokwira zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana uchityaira napo nesimba injini anogona kusimuka uye kuwira kwacho. Zvino mubvunzo ndewokuti, kworudzii mafuta zvakanakira chando kushandiswa, kana richikora iri kuchitonhora, uye kana kupopotedzana anova zvokunwa.

Kuti vave nechokwadi kudzivirirwa zvakakwana nenguva inotonhora yakaderera tembiricha mafuta inofanira emura zvakakwana kuti zviite injini nyore kutanga uye kudzivisa mafuta nenzara, uye kuwedzera uchishandisa tembiricha, zvinofanira kuva mukobvu zvakakwana kusika firimu mafuta.

Kupatsanura mafuta injini musi SAE

American Society of Automotive Engineers akagadza kupatsanura pakati mafuta viscosity, iyo yava kushandiswa munyika yose. We nezvazvo mberi.

mafuta chando

Kare, mubvunzo worudzii mafuta zvakanakira chando kushandiswa, kwete kunyange amire pamberi vatyairi. Mhinduro yakanga unequivocal - yechando. Maererano kupatsanura SAE akasarudzwa netsamba W mushure digitaalinen ukoshi (chando - "yechando"). Kavha yakaratidza: SAE 0W uye SAE 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W. Nhamba pamberi W vakaudza mutengi pamusoro chii tembiricha yepasisa angakudzivisai mafuta, pasina kukonzera kukuvara simba pasuru. Pamberi yechando muchairi hazvo yakabereka mafuta shanduko ari mamiriro akakodzera okunze munzvimbo yake, zvisinei sei akakungurusira pamusoro yapfuura mafuta. mafuta Winter haana thickened yakaderera tembiricha asi kuva zvakare dzakaonda apo tembiricha inokwira.

mafuta chirimo

By pokuponesa Kunyora pamusoro SAE mafuta nyore akasarudzwa digit (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40). Zvaireva hwepamusoro chikumbaridzozve tembiricha rokuti mvura inogona kushandiswa. The kumusoro mhepo tembiricha muzhizha mudunhu, zvikuru chinoratidza vanofanira kutenga mafuta, zvokuti anoramba viscous zvakakwana pakupisa.

multigrade mafuta

Mumakore achangopfuura, mhando awa girisi, sezvinoita muzhizha kana chando mafuta, vaenda, sezvo inowanzoshandiswa mafuta multigrade. Zviri nyore zvikuru kuti kubata, hazvina zvakakodzera kuti mutemo unoti pakutsiva pamberi mumwe mwaka mutsva, kutsvaka mafuta akasiyana kupatsanura zvakafanana muchiso sezvo yapfuura mumwe. mafuta Multigrade akasarudzwa vaviri sezviverengo uye tsamba W pakati pavo. Wokutanga digit zvinoreva "yechando" Urume waivako (kunoenderana payo, chii mafuta mutsa zadza muchando), uye wechipiri - a "yezhizha". Izvi mafuta nokudenga, Chokwadi, ane okumusoro tembiricha nezvikumbaridzo, asi mumwe nomumwe anogona kusarudza chaizvo mafuta iro kukodzera kupinda achida siyana. In yechando ichi, zvichava zvikuru fluid uye muzhizha vacharamba vaine viscosity kwayo.

Selection mafuta SAE kupatsanura kuti imwe ekunze

• SAE 20W-40 - -10 kusvika +45;
• SAE 15W-40 - -15 kusvika +45;
• SAE 10W-40 - -20 kusvika +35;
• SAE 10W-30 - -20 kusvika +30;
• SAE 5W-40 - -25 kusvika +35;
• SAE 5W-30 - -25 kusvika +20;
• SAE 0W-40 - -30 kusvika +35;
• SAE 0W-30 - kubva -30 kusvika +20.

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva pamazita nokuti vagari unozvidzora latitudes Oil akakwana 5W40 muchando, nekuti zviri nyore kutsungirira tembiricha yakaderera uye haangazvidembi ichiyerera panguva kudziya. Vangave zvakanaka gore rose.

Kupatsanura mafuta injini maererano API

American Institute peturu akasika imwe kupatsanura, izvo zvinofanira kufungwa pakusarudza mafuta muchando. Kazhinji, paakati ichi inoratidza kunaka mafuta. Manufacturers havadikanwi kuongorora chigadzirwa kwavo API uye kuposita ruzivo nezvazvo pamusoro Chikwata, asi kazhinji zviri murombo-yepamusoro Urume hakuiti kupfuura nzira iyi. Sezvo mumwe muchairi ari kuedza kudira mafuta yakanakisisa nokuti chando, unofanira kutsvaka lubrication pamwe chakarurama ichi.

Munyika API ane mazita makuru maviri. Letter S anoudza mutengi kuti mafuta ichi chete peturu injini uye tsamba C inoshuma kuti mvura anogona kuzadzwa chete Diesel muinjini. Dzimwe nguva pasuru anogona kuwanikwa rokuti kaviri, rinotarira kubvira - S ... / C ..., kana kuti - C ... / S ... Muchiitiko chokutanga mafuta zvakanaka akakodzera kuti peturu motokari, asi kambani anobvumira kushandiswa kwayo muna Diesel motokari, kana yechipiri - pamusoro zvinopesana.

Zvino S kupatsanura, uye kupatsanura auri parameters kuti zvinokosha pakusarudza kuti mafuta mhando kudira muchando.

For peturu injini

• SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF - zvisingachashandi nemakirasi havachinei kushandiswa. mafuta ichi, chiri yakakodzera injini 1930-1989 gg. kusunungurwa.
• SG - mafuta injini kugadzirwa kubva 1989. Kunokudzivirira injini pamusoro sludge uye ngura uye oxidation.
• SH - injini mafuta kubva 1994 resununguro. Enhanced dziviriro kubva uchisvibisa, ngura, uye oxidation, kunoderedza kusakara nhengo. Dzakakodzera kana zvavakabvumirana kirasi SG uye pasi.
• SJ - mafuta injini pasi 1996. Rine zvose unhu rapfuura, mukuru antinagarny yakaoma, kunyatsoenderana basa muchando. Dzakakodzera kana varumbidzwa SH uye neboka ezasi.
• SL - mafuta multi-vharafu uye Turbo injini kugadzirwa kubva 2000. Inosimudzira yepamusoro kuzvidzora, akakodzera Motors kuti vanenge varumbidzwa SJ kirasi uye pasi.
• SM - ano chinonzi motor mafuta (kubvira 2004). Kuvandudzwa dziviriro kubva nguva isati yakwana kusakara uye kuunganidza deposits. Ichi mafuta Injini zvakakodzera michini zvose, izvo akataura noukama kirasi pazasi. Nhasi ndiyo yakanakisisa mafuta injini muchando.

For Diesel injini

• CA, CB, CC, CD, CE - vakura makirasi.
• CF - nokuti injini kubva muna 1990 pamwe kunanga jekiseni. Rine yokuvirisa kuderedza uchisvibisa, ngura, oxidation uye pfeka. Possible kushandisa panguva kunokurudzirwa CD kirasi.
• CG - nokuti injini pashure 1995 kusunungurwa, izvo pasi kumusoro zvinorema. Avtomasla kunodzivisa kuunganidza deposits uye chin'ai oxidation uye paumbwe furo.
• CH - Engine mafuta kubva 1998. Rine ose pamusoro unhu, asi anowedzera ichiita mitemo chiutsi gasi toxicity.
• CI - Kirasi, vakagamuchirwa muna 2002. The mafuta rinoungana zvezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa zvose, ane rokuchenesa chirungiso. It kunoderedza uwandu chin'ai uye chemubhotoro, ine rakawedzera fluidity. The yakanakisisa Injini mafuta muchando itsva Diesel injini.

Number 2 kana 4 pashure earufabheti kukosha anoratidza chii injini - mbonje maviri kana mana sitiroko - rakakodzera mafuta.

Kupatsanura mafuta injini kuti ACEA

ACEA - ane analogue of API, chete European. Kazhinji Chikwata rinoratidza ruzivo maererano mumwe classifications izvi, asi zvinogona kuwanikwa kana.

• Tsamba G rinoratidza kuti mafuta zvakakodzera peturu michini, uye nhamba kubva 1 kusvika 5 kutaura pamusoro unhu kwayo.
• PD tsamba dzinoratidza kuti mafuta zvakakodzera Diesel injini mu mutakurwi motokari, nhamba 1 ne2 anoratidza unhu.
• Tsamba D pamwe nenhamba kubva 1 kusvika 5 zvinoreva kuti mafuta rakagadzirirwa Diesel rori injini.

Chii chinofanira kuitwa pamberi chando

Usati kufunga worudzii mafuta kuzadza chando, unofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti motokari vagadzirira kumusoro zvinorema uye tembiricha yakaderera. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya nokuda varidzi Diesel motokari, izvo kazhinji kurega "nenyenganyenga" zvavo yokupakira mugove kana pedo neimba uye kumhanya ari mabhazi kwamira.

Anokosha uye chinhu chokutanga - the bhatiri uye Starter injini anofanira kuva akanaka anoshanda ezvinhu! Kana uine usingashandi nezvinetso bhatiri mumatsutso, yechando vachagara pamberi penyu hombe imwe saizi. Pashure pokutarira zvinoriumba izvi kungaita kuti kufungisisa worudzii mafuta kudira muchando, asi hakusi chete mafuta injini, asiwo nokupfuuridzirwa, iri lubricating mvura iri zambuko uye gozvo (kana aripo). Uyewo siyana pamusoro yechando shanduro antifreeze uye windshield Urume. Muchiitiko chokutanga - kuti mvura hazvirevi -oma munyika, ukuwo rechipiri - kuwana maonero akanaka achityaira.

Chete Sarudza kuti mafuta azvo zvakanakisisa kuzadza injini wako muchando, zvakakodzera kuenda taramba zvitoro pamwe motokari kutarisirwa zvigadzirwa. Happy rwendo!