Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower of Moscow Kremlin

Panguva Cathedral Square of Kremlin bhero shongwe St. Ioanna Lestvichnika, hunonziwo Ivan ari Bell Great. The Kremlin uye zvose zvivako dzayo akabatana kuva chete chairema mumwoyo guru. Muna 2008, shongwe iyi mapurani akatendeuka makore 500 okuberekwa.

Church of St. Ioanna Lestvichnika

Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower of Moscow Kremlin yakatanga mazana emakore akawanda nhoroondo, uye anotanga Countdown aro 1329. Kuti gore rakanga nheyo Church of St. Ioanna Lestvichnika muushe Ivan Kalita. Temberi rakavambwa sezvo shongwe bhero, saka mumba aibvumirwa sendiri rinopindirana mabhero, akaisa pamusoro okumusoro kwevari kereke. The Kucherwa dzakapinzwa ari XIX-XX emakore, akataura kuti nemamiriro mavakirwo nowenyika temberi yacho vokuArmenia vekare. Kunze chechi akanga mativi masere, uye chikamu romukati chechi ine cruciform chimiro. Kurutivi rwamabvazuva apse riri semicircular namaberere uye zvitare vakaiswa panhurikidzwa yechipiri. Temberi asati pakutanga XVI remakore.

Bonovskaya belfry

Muna 1505 paitonga Grand Prince Vasily III, chechi yekare namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. Panzvimbo imwe yakanga yakavakwa chechi itsva hwakagadzirwa vanatenzi kubva Italy, zita remadunhurirwa Bon Fryazin. Temberi yakavakwa pakuyeuka chevaux Ivan III. Construction akanga akatakurwa pamusoro makore matatu. Muna 1508, mbiri-Tiered bhero shongwe akanga akagadzirira. Tsika mapurani, hwakanga Italy panguva iyoyo, zvikuru mavakirwo temberi. Ndokusaka chivakwa akanga akawanda shongwe bhero, dzakanga riri aparadzane nomumwe. Kereke vakagamuchira rimwe zita - ". Bonovskaya bhero shongwe" Chaizvo Mbiru akabatana variegated Kremlin netemberi mune rimwe Ensemble. Rakanga wechipiri ibwe chechi muMoscow. Chigaro St. Ioanna Lestvichnika kwakatangwa pasi ari mamiriro wokutanga.

Muna 1532 iri kuchamhembe parutivi bhero neshongwe belfry yakavakwa temberi yaJehovha Ascension chirongwa nomumwe mapurani kubva Italy - Petroc Minor. Zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa kuti hwakasimba bhero mapaundi 1,000, anonzi "muevhangeri". Panopera kuvaka belfry muna 1543 kunze vemo mhizha. Zvakananga patemberi yaiva panhurikidzwa yechitatu, izvo zvakaita kuti chinokosha manera. Majestically iri panguva Belfry dhiramu pamwe nzvimbo.

kubvuma belfry

Muna 1600, goho munyika yakanga isina mufaro, kuziya vagari. Boris Godunov, kuponesa vanhu vake, akasarudza kuita chikuru overhaul pamusoro Bonovskoy bhero shongwe, izvo anoita akasvika vose muganhu vanhu. Akaronga kuipedza rimwe weDanho, uye zvakare kuti kusika Great Church of St. John pasi pauriri. Naizvozvo, wose mamiriro akanga akapfeka zita yakasiyana - Ivan Mukuru Bell. Mabhii pasi pakanga cylindrical mu chimiro, uye kureba bhero neshongwe yakanga yawedzera kusvika 82 mamita. Raiva kukonzera mamiriro iyoyo. Kuti vasvike kune pamusoro vanochiva izvozvo zvaida kuenda kuburikidza 329 inegumi. Pasi rising temberi yakanga zvakavezwa chinyorwa mutsamba goridhe, izvo zvinoratidza musi pakurigadzira uye mazita madzimambo aitonga panguva (Boris Godunov uye mwanakomana wake). On kunharaunda bhero neshongwe, wakabereka zita Ivanovo, verenga zvose mirairo namambo. Kubvira ipapo, kuratidzwa "mhere Ivanovo zvose".

In yechipiri yezana XVII remakore bhero shongwe rakavakwazve zvachose. Paitonga Mikhail Romanov uye baba vake Patriarchate Filaret, muna 1624, kurutivi rwokumusoro yakavakwa Filaretova chokuvaka Bazhen Ogurtsova. The mamiriro aiva chena ibwe Pyramid tende akafukidzwa usina kukonekita. Ivan Guru Bell Moscow Kremlin akagamuchira zita idzva - nokufungidzira Belfry.

The bhero neshongwe Great Patriotic War

The Great Patriotic Hondo 1812 nezvakwakaipira nezvainoita shongwe pakati mapurani. Varwi vehondo rechiFrench akabvisa muchinjikwa gilded kubva pashongwe ndokuedza kuridza naro. Asi vakatambura chete Filaret mupanda uye bhero neshongwe yaiva kuchamhembe. Pakapera hondo, tenzi D. Gilardi zvakazara kudzorerwa bhero shongwe raputika okunze, kushandura zvimwe kukura uye zvinonyatsorehwa manyorerwe kuvakwa. Uye mumakore 1895-1897 Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower muMoscow akadzorerwa S. Rodionov.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

At kukwirira Ivana Velikogo bhero shongwe rinobuda 82 mamita. Kubva okumusoro pfungwa nemamiriro anogona kufunga pedyo makiromita 30 kumativi guru. Pasinei husina mavakirwo bhero shongwe, chivako chakasiyana UKURU uye runako. The kukura zvose zvinhu zvayo vanosarudzwa nenzira kuti pave inowirirana chaizvo Architectural ensemble. Nemhaka vatenzi ruzivo, aiva ruoko waro zvisikwa, Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower ndiye unoshamisa nhoroondo shongwe muMoscow.

Zvitare pakati belfry

Zvachose okuvaka ndiyo bhero 34, uye chete 3 vavo vakaramba pamusoro Filaretova annexe uye belfry. Munguva dzekare, bhero akarembera danda, asi muna XIX-XX emakore, ivo atsiviwa simbi. All zvitare zvakaitwa kudzora zvokukanda zviitiko eras siyana.

Mukuru wavo - "The Bear", rairema matani anopfuura 7, chikakandirwa 1501. Wakakura zvikuru uye kuoneka bhero ndiye "Dormition" ( "chevaux Bell") aine uremu matani 65, iyo chikakandirwa 1819 kubudikidza vanatenzi Zavyalov uye Rusinov kubva zvinhu kare. Chechipiri pakukura bhero ndiye "Howler", rairema matani 32, akasika Anton Chekhov muna 1622. Rinobatanidzwa chete chiitiko chinorwadza, kana muna 1855, bhero vanomhanyisa akamedura uye, aériennes 5 uriri, akawira pasi, richiuraya vanopfuura mumwe munhu. Chechitatu chinokosha bhero iri "Sunday" ( "Semisotenny") achirema matani 13. It akasikwa muna 1704, uye ini Motorin iri Filaret mupanda.

Bell shongwe 18 rine mabhero zvose. Pasi pasi pane 6 vavo, pakati riri dangwe Paavhareji - 9. The yokumusoro uriri rine 3 mabhero, nhoroondo iri harizivikanwi.

bhero shongwe miziyamu

Pazuva rokutanga pamwero nokufungidzira Belfry ari miziyamu horo apo mabasa ounyanzvi.

Shongwe bhero of Kremlin History Museum iri kuMoscow, anoratidza yemashoko chena ibwe dzimba yekare XIV remakore, inoratidza Panorama of Moscow uye nezvimwe zvinhu yepakutanga. bhero shongwe masvingo akashongedzwa maberere pakati sezvivako siyana. The akataura uriri inopa maonero makuru Kremlin uye rakapoteredza. Vaenzi pane chinokosha Audio mutungamiriri, izvo zvinobatsira vashanyi vanobva munyika dzakasiyana kudzidza nhoroondo chokwadi shongwe iyi mapurani, sezvo Ivan ari Bell Great, tsananguro uye anonakidza.

The Monument kuti mavakirwo mumazuva edu

Nhasi, Ivan ari Bell Great - ndiye miziyamu ano, iyo anogamuchira kubva munyika ose zuva zviuru zvevashanyi. The miziyamu anoratidza rekare unyanzvi zvinhu. Kuburikidza kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinoita recreate chimiro isina kupukunyuka kusvikira nguva yedu sezvivako.

Mumazana kuvapo Soviet Union, bhero neshongwe yakavharwa vaenzi. Zvakare muna mabhero mutemberi rakarira muna 1992, zuva Holy Easter. Uye kubva panguva iyoyo, zvose kereke mabasa ari Kremlin machechi zvinoitiswa pasi chime.

Ivan Guru Bell muna Kremlin - chinokosha Monument pamusoro mapurani, iro rine vapfumi uye dzinonakidza nhoroondo. Ani vaiuya kuMoscow, vanogona kunakidzwa kweizvi nemamwe mamiriro.