Ivan Viskovatov: pfupi Biography uye pikicha

Vezvenhau havazivi chaipo apo Ivan Viskovatov akaberekwa. The kutaurwa kutanga chokuita 1542, apo Podyachev uyu akanyora tsamba conciliatory kuti umambo wePolish. Viskovatov akanga kumbonyanya yakaderera-wakazvarwa ari anokudzwa mhuri shoma-kusimbiswa. Basa rake raakavaka kuburikidza yavo kushingaira, dzinongoitika tarenda uye kurevererwa pakati vanoitisana. Vomunguva rinomuti munhu anogona kutaura kwazvo. mutauri nemano vakanga zvikuru kune Wenyika, hazvishamisi kuti pamusoro kwenguva, Ivan yaisangana Viskovatov Ambassadorial murayiro (zvikabva of Bazi Affairs Foreign).

kukwidziridzwa

Kusvikira pakati XVI remakore yose nedzenyu hurongwa wokuRussia wehurumende yakavakwa akapoteredza Grand Duke. Aigona kugovera vamwe simba nomunhu, asi pakanga pasina sangano paruzhinji.

On kuitika Moscow nokukurukurirana iyoyo inogona kuonekwa vakanyoresa mumabhuku rekupinda. Vanoti, kubvira 1549, munguva ichangopfuura akanga korona chamber Ivan Grozny akarayira Viskovatov privozimye kugamuchira nenhume vatorwa, pamutemo tsamba. Ipapo vakatanga wokutanga yepamutemo mhiri kwemakungwa rwendo. Uyewo 1549, akaenda mubati Astrakhan Nogais uye Derbyshev.

At musoro Ambassadorial Office

Zvichienzaniswa vazvo Ivan Viskovatov vari kunyange uye vakaderera. Aiva Podyachev chete. Ivan Grozny, kunzwisisa kugona Viskovatov, akafananidza kunomumwe vamiriri vakawanda vakakurumbira - Fedor Mishurin uye Menshikov Putyanin. Saka wamambo akava wezvokukurukurirana. Ivan Viskovatov zvose zvakafanana muna 1549, akanga pakarepo yakatarwa mukuru nedzenyu dhipatimendi. Aiva mukuru nemarudzi adzo munyika munhau yokutanga.

Kubvira Viskovatov akatanga basa kushandiswa, izvo kazhinji wakaburuka kuzosangana nezvavatorwa nenhume vakawanda. To mudhikoni akauya nhume kubva Nogai Horde, Lithuania, Poland, Kazan, Denmark, Germany uye zvichingodaro. D. The rakasiyana chinzvimbo Viskovatov kunosimbiswa nokuti akagamuchira kushanyira vanokudzwa ari munhu. Misangano iyi paiva rinokosha dyachya kari. About naye mutsamba dzake vanotaurwa Ivan Grozny.

mabasa Wenyika

Kuwedzera misangano nhume Ivan Viskovatov mutariri tsamba dzavo mambo uye kuti Boyar Duma. Mutengesi aivapo ose rokutanga Nhaurirano. Uyezve, iye chaibatanidzwa sangano nevamiririri venyika Russian kunze.

Pamisangano yamambo nenhume Viskovatov Ivan Mikhailovich akatungamirira nhaurirano protocols, uye ayo kurekodha wakazoiswawo pamutemo chinyorwa. Mukuwedzera, mambo akarayira kuti atungamirire yake arşive. Dura iri magwaro nemamwe raiva: ose Zvinorayirwa Moscow nemamwe machinda, pedigrees mapepa wokumwe mutemo, ivo rwokutsvakurudza zvinhu, hurumende nyaya dzemapepa.

Muchengeti State Archives

Murume akatarisa youmambo yamabhuku, aifanira kuva basa guru. Zviri okuchengetera ichi Viskovatov akanga kurongwazve kuva yoga sangano. Chapter Ambassadors of murayiro aifanira kushanda mapepa kubva Archive, nekuti pasina kwavari hazvibviri kuti kubvunza pamusoro ukama nedzimwe nyika uye kuronga misangano nezvavatorwa vamiririri.

Muna muna 1547 Moscow vakatambura chakaipisisa moto, iyo vakararama inonzi "guru." The moto damage uye arşive. Kutarisira uye kudzorera magwaro anokosha ashanduka pokutanga kubva pakutanga Viskovatov gavhuna sezvo musoro nedzenyu dhipatimendi.

Mutaviridziro Zakharins

Budirira bureaucratic mugumo Ivana Viskovatogo akabudirira kwete chete nokuda kwake kushingaira. Shure kwake kwaiva vanoitisana simba uyo sevasingafungi uye akabatsira protégé yake. Vaiva Zakharins - nehama wokutanga mudzimai Ivana Groznogo Anastasia. rapprochement dzavo vakabatsira kunetsana kuti dzakatanga muna Kremlin muna 1553. Mambo muduku akanga arwara, uye boka racho ake achitya zvakakomba upenyu wamambo. Viskovatov Ivan Mikhailovich zvinganaka madzimambo vanoita okupedzisira uye resungano. Maererano gwaro rino hurumende iri chiitiko rufu Ivan anofanira kuenda mwedzi mitanhatu mwanakomana wake Dmitry.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ose Kusanyatsoziva hama ramangwana Anotyisa Staritsa (kusanganisira vachishuva kuti simba hama yake Vladimir Andreyevich), anotya nokunyanyisa nokusimbaradza muvengi boyar dzinza vakatanga anorongera Zakharins. Somugumisiro, hafu dare haana kutora mhiko hwanana Dmitry. Kusvikira munguva pfupi ichangopfuura akazeza kunyange chipangamazano pedyo mambo Alexei Adashev. Asi Viskovatov akagara kudivi Dmitry (kureva Zakharins), ravakanga vagara tionge kwaari. Kwapera nguva mambo akapora. Vose boyars, vasina kuda kutsigira zvinotarisirwa Dmitry, aiva mutema chiratidzo.

Ziso wamambo

In pakati XVI remakore chikuru muupenyu reRussia wokumwe mutemo waiva kumabvazuva. Muna 1552, ivo vanotyisa yakatora mashoko Kazan, uye muna 1556 - Astrakhan. Mudare mukuru mutsigiri kumabvazuva wakange Aleksey Adashev. Viskovatov, kunyange akaperekedza mambo Kazan ake mushandirapamwe, pamwe kukuru nokushingaira iye anopindura kumadokero zvenyika. Ndiye akamira kwakabva nedzenyu vokukurukura pakati Russia uye England. In Muscovy (sezvazvakanyorwa yainzi panguva iyoyo Europe) haana kuwana kuGungwa reBaltic, saka gungwa kutengeserana Old World akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kuburikidza nechando yechando Arkhangelsk. Muna 1553 ndipo rakasvika Chirungu aidzidzisa Richard Chensler.

Mune ramangwana, iyo muzvinashawo akaita kushanyira kakawanda Russia. Mumwe nomumwe ake kushanya Akaperekedzwa tsika musangano Ivan Viskovaty. Musoro Ambassadorial Department akasangana chanzera mu vatengesi Russian chekambani kupfuura simba uye akapfuma. Izvi, Chokwadi, inenge kutengeserana. The British akatsvaka kuva monopolist pamusoro pamusika wokuRussia, azere nemamwe zvigadzirwa nokuda vokuEurope. Nhaurirano Zvinokosha, kukurukura nyaya idzi, kuitwa Ivan Viskovatov. Munhau ukama pakati penyika mbiri, chavanotanga kutengeserana chibvumirano akabatanidzwa basa inokosha uye refu-refu.

Viskovatov uye England

Vatengesi vaibva Albion akagamuchira tsamba zvaunoda azere zvose zvemarudzi ropafadzo. Vakazarura Mahofisi dzavo mumaguta akawanda Russian. negotiators Moscow kwakaita vakanzwawo rakasiyana kodzero kutengesa ari UK pasina mabasa.

Free kupinda kuRussia akanga yakazarukira British vemifananidzo, navavezi, vemifananidzo uye vanachiremba. An mupiro kukuru kuti chidzoke zvakadaro zvinobatsira ukama pakati masimba maviri akaita izvozvo Ivan Viskovaty. Zvaitika zvibvumirano dzaro neBritish akabudirira zvikuru; ivo kusvikira yechipiri yezana XVII remakore.

A mutsigiri wokuLivonia War

Kushaya pachake Baltic zviteshi uye chido kupinda misika Western European akasundudzira Ivana Groznogo pakutanga hondo kuzorwa wokuLivonia Order, riri pamusoro nharaunda vemazuva Estonia uye Latvia. Pakazosvika nguva yakanakisisa Nguva Knights akasiyiwa. sangano ravo mauto akanga kusangana chakakomba kuchembera, uye Russian chamber, kwete pasina chikonzero chokudavira kuti zviri nyore kuti kukwanisa kukunda chikuru Baltic maguta: Riga, Dorpat, Reval, St. George, Pernavu. Uyezve Knights pachavo makatsamwisa kukonana, tisingaregi Russia reEuropean vatengesi, navavezi zvigadzirwa. The dzose hondo yakatanga muna 1558 uye akakwevera kwemakore 25.

mubvunzo wokuLivonia akatsemura mambo akaswedera mapato maviri. Yokutanga denderedzwa yaisangana Adashev. Vatsigiri vake vaitenda kuti zvinokosha kutanga kusimbisa kumanikidza ravo kumaodzanyemba Tatar Khanate uye hweOttoman Empire. Ivan Viskovatov uye vairemekedzwa vakabata zvakasiyana pfungwa maonero. Ivo waitsigira kuenderera hondo kuBaltic States zvokutozosvika pakupopotedzana.

The Fiasco mu kuBaltic States

In wokutanga chokutambudzika yavairwisana Knights zvose vakaenda chaizvo sezvo Ivan aida Viskovatov. Biography mumwe Wenyika muenzaniso mutemo, mumwe nguva hwekusarudza zvakanaka. Uye ikozvino musoro Ambassadors of hurongwa guessing. WokuLivonia Order nokukurumidza akakundwa. Castle of Knights mapfumo mumwe pashure pomumwe. Zvaiita kuti kuBaltic States nechekare muhomwe.

Zvisinei, kubudirira maoko Russian vakakanganiswa kwakavhundutsa pedyo Western inoti. Poland, Lithuania, Denmark neSweden Pakataurwawo kuti wokuLivonia nhaka uye havana kuda kupa zvose Baltic Unotyisa. Chokutanga, masimba European vakanga vachiedza kumisa vanoshorwa hondo pavari kuburikidza nedzenyu makwara. In Moscow asvika rekupinda. Akasangana navo, sezvo vaitarisira, Ivan Viskovatov. Photos of Wenyika haina akachengetedzwa, asi kwete kunyange achiziva chitarisiko chake uye maitiro, tinogona zvakachengeteka kufunga kuti iye Zvimwe akadzivirira zvido dzinozvitonga ake. Chapter Ambassadors kuti kuramba nezvakaipa wokumavirira Mediation aipikisana wokuLivonia Order. Humwe kukunda hondo wokuRussia mune kuBaltic States kwakaita kuti vaitya kuti muPoland uye Lithuania vakanga vakabatana mu rimwe mamiriro - Rzeczpospolita. A mutambi mutsva international munhandare kutaura achipikisa Russia. Nokukurumidza pashure pehondo vanotyisa yakazivisa asi uye Sweden. WokuLivonia War yakaenderera mberi, uye zvose Kubudirira kwezvombo Russian vakanga ndoparara. Chokwadi imwe hafu makakatanwa kwakaitika pasina kutora chikamu Viskovatov. Panguva ino akanga atova nedambudziko udzvanyiriri oga namambo waro.

manyadzo

The kunetsana pamwe boyars Ivan vanotyisa akatanga muna 1560, apo pakarepo rufu mudzimai wake wokutanga, Anastasia. ndimi zvakaipa vakawaridza runyerekupe pamusoro wake chepfu. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mambo akava kufungira, akazadzwa paranoia uye nokutya yokusavimbika. phobias izvi awedzera apo kunze mambo akatiza yepedyo chipangamazano, Andrei Kurbsky. MuMoscow, nendege musoro kutanga.

Boyars vakatutirana mujeri kana mubato kupfuura mibvunzo mutongo kutsiura uye makuhwa. Munguva tungamidzana nokuda wazvakaitika uye aiva anovengwa vakwikwidzi zhinji Ivan Viskovatov. Zvisinei, Brief Biography pamusoro Wenyika, akati ake nekaupenyu refu nguva akakwanisa kunzvenga hasha dzake changamire.

rufu

Muna 1570, tikafunga nazvo muna Livonia Unotyisa uye ake evatsigiri kusarudza kuenda musasa Novgorod vagari vavakanga vaifungira hurumende uye tsitsi kuvavengi yokumwe. Mushure ropa racho ragadziriswa uye chinosuruvarisa mugumo Ivana Viskovatogo. Muchidimbu, asi utongi muchina vasingagoni kumira pacharo. Kuvamba zvinotyisa pamusoro pachavo boyars dzavo, Ivan hunodiwa vatengesi itsva zvose. Kunyange akachengetedzwa zvinyorwa izvozvo kutsanangurira nguva yedu sezvo mutongo Viskovatov, tinogona kufungidzira kuti nhema favorite itsva wamambo: Varindi Malyuta Skuratov uye Vasily akasviba.

Nguva pfupi asati wamambo akabviswa utungamiriri Ambassadors kurongeka. Uyezve, kamwe Ivan Viskovatov akaedza pachena kuti apindire kuti ukamuvhundutsa boyars. Achipindura kurudziro Wenyika Anotyisa kwakatanga akatsamwa tirade. Viskovatov akaurayiwa musi July 25, 1570. Chaaipomerwa treasonable ukama Crimean Khan namambo wePolish.