In mumhanzi imwe pamupendero - zviri ... munhu chiridzwa rokuti "mucheto"

In mumhanzi Kant - a mhando mhuri polyphonic nziyo. Akagamuchira kwakapararira muRussia, Belarus uye Ukraine. Ndechipi chikonzero chimiro kumicheto? Umo nyanzvi Genre ine yakatangira? Ndehupi hunhu kuri mairi? Izvi uye zvimwe nyaya dzinofarirwa kwete chete kune rakamanikana pedenderedzwa nezvokurara, asi kuongorora vanhu vanonakidzwa unyanzvi mumhanzi.

choral mumhanzi

Tisati kufunga mubvunzo "chii chiri kumucheto mumimhanzi?", Unofanira kufunga choral chokupika yose. Choral mimhanzi pakubhadhara akawanda: chevarwere, echitendero, enyika, nyanzvi. Zvokuridza ngano choral kuimba imomo muchimiro zvavo nziyo. The nziyo vangava namahwindo marongerwo (kwakakwana uri) uye akazaruka.

Choral mumhanzi vari kusiyaniswa mamwe maitiro. Chekutanga, rudzi polyphony: homophony, heterophony kana polyphony. Chechipiri, Kuronga kwokugara: Unaccompanied (a'capella), Solo kuimba kana kuenderana (paku music).

Choral nziyo kunogona kuva chikamu mabasa makuru, uye zvachose akazvimirira kunyora. Kwakapararira siyana choral marapirwo kuti anoshandiswa nhasi. Urongwa uhwu, transcription, uyewo harmonization.

Zvikuru kuti pave choral mumhanzi raiva unyanzvi yekare Greece, Byzantium, India uye Ijipiti. Pokuwa Christianity muna Orthodoxy uye yeRoma kwakaratidzwa shanduka vezvitendero uye enyika. Munguva yeMiddle Ages pane zvaimirirwa mangwanani polyphony, inonzi organum. Various dzemamongi uye machechi maguta makuru European kuva nzvimbo kuchechi choral mumhanzi. The mumayunivhesiti vari kuramba wakagadzikana mudzidzi nziyo uye enyika motets.

Choral kuimba (polyphony) iri kuwedzera muna Renaissance. Inosimbisa nheyo kuvimbika zvokuridza nziyo, rakapararira siyana enyika siyana, Genres itsva (motet, madrigal, Misa, Magnificat, chanson). Works vatenzi chechikoro yechiDutch wakapata basa rinokosha iri Kushanduka choral mumhanzi. Pakati vamiririri inokosha zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Dufay, Despres, Izak, Obrecht, Okegema.

Basic nzira uye aesthetic Misimboti watenzi chikoro yechiDutch akazviratidza nemabasa Lasso, Gabrieli, Palestrina, Monteverdi nevamwe. Chinokosha nguva raiva kuonekwa dhanzi. Iri raiva kwokupedzisira kuparadzana chechi choral mumhanzi. Nokupesvedzera chakaita zvokugadzirwa Genre vakaumba cantatas uye oratorios.

Ndeipi kumucheto mumimhanzi?

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, musha polyphonic nziyo mhando iyi. Kubva pakati pezana remakore XVII nokuda yose Russia iri kukurumidza kukura syllabic nhetembo. Panyaya iyi, pane unopinza, uye nyanzvi Genre. Pakutanga, vakanga zvakanyorwa kunyanya ezvinamato uye rinonzi Psal'ma.

micheto Early ane yakaoma unokwidza nokuderedza gadziriro, iyo hwakada zvakanyatsobatana Russian uye Ukrainian chevarwere songs, Polish mumhanzi uye Banner dau. Vakauya dzakasiyana-siyana Category kugutsikana uye ari kudanwa kuti nziyo.

Over nguva, avo intonation hurongwa hunakidze. Organically zvakanyatsobatana zvinhu yemamiriro zvavo nziyo nokutamba nezvimiro. Dzimwe yehombodo zvakasimba chikamu nomumukanwa zvavo tsika.

Kwakatangira kumicheto

Haasi munhu wose anoziva zvinoreva "mucheto". Translated kubva muchiLatin - "vachiimba". Dzakatangira anotanga vane zvokuridza tsika Poland. Kubva pakati pezana remakore XVI, ivo vainzi "kantychek". Hwakapararira mu Russia, Ukraine uye Belarus, vakaitirana mu XVI-XVII emakore. dingindira ravo chaizvo siyana. dzokudetemba Spiritual vava mukurumbira chaizvo pakati vafundisi yechipiri yezana XVII remakore. Izvi "Kupfidza" kana "musimbiswe" dzokudetemba. Vakaita wakadzikama uye leisurely kumhanya. Taiva volumetric mutinhimira uye choral yokuchengetera zvinhu.

chikamu rwiyo

It yakatanga muna kufanana muridzo unoridzirwa. Nziyo izvi zvaiitirwa kuti mana, matanhatu, masere, gumi kana kupfuura mavhoti. nhamba yavo yakasvika makumi maviri nezvina, uye mana navasere. The zvemberi chimiro polyphonic kuimba vakava Concerts matsvene. Vakaridza panguva yomutambo basa raMwari. Nemhaka Concerts, mumwe notation itsva, iyo iripo nhasi. Uyu-mutsetse shanu Norwaykuva. Uye kana pamberi partesnogo manyorerwo vaiva nezvikorekedzo, iyi pane kudiwa kurekodha yakarurama harmonic polyphony. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, mumwe nomumwe katsamba chinomirira mumwe yakakwirira uye refu.

Partesnogo mabasa akasika Vanyori vakawanda. Zvisinei, yakakurumbira zvikuru Nikolai Diletsky, Vasily Titov, Nikolai Kalashnikov, Dmitry Berezovsky uye Dmitry Bortniansky.

Kubva dzokukudza Kant

Psalms, mukusiyana mapisarema chechi vakanga aiendeswa mumhuri nziyo-kugadzira. Havana kuita minyengetero mashandiro, avo kuti haana zvachose inodzorwa. Saka vakakurumidza vapinda kushandiswa uye vava rakakurumbira XVII remakore kuRussia, Belarus uye Ukraine. Mimwe Genre ichi chinogona kuwanikwa mubhuku "Menologion" Simeona Polotskogo. Music magwaro akanyorwa Vasily Titov.

Psalms - ichi idanho zvikuru muna achichinja kubva venyika mimhanzi dzvene. Kunyanya, Genre pamusoro lyrical mucheto. Dzimwe nguva zvichirehwa mashoko aya zvakafanana.

Mamirire zvinhu: zvikamu zvitatu kufamba, mharidzo maviri yokumusoro dzakafanana muzvitatu mavhoti, bhuku Bass, harmonic marangwanda. Zvose izvi zvichava chikuru chinoratidza Kant ari XVIII remakore.

mbiri chimiro mapisarema, riri vamutye nokuda kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kukosha enhetembo rwezuva. The hunhu wokuimba zvinogona dzaisiyana - kubva mikumbiro zvichemo nokurumbidzwa uye kufungisisa.

Cants Munguva Peter I

Panguva ino, kugara nzvimbo inokosha pamusoro kumicheto nyika dzinotaura. Ivo vanoonekwa kuti vakawanda mukurumbira Genre, akanzwa pamusoro pamutemo mhemberero vakazvipira kukunda zvechiuto uye zvinokosha nguva upenyu ruzhinji chiitiko-chichisairirwa. Under Peter I akavaka kwokukunda Arch. Izvi zvakaitika panguva Moscow, uye gare gare mumigwagwa St. Petersburg pachiitiko akunda pakurwa. Vakundi vakasangana vari pasuwo kwaya kuimba uye pakuzvichenesa fanfare vamapoka zvechiuto.

Panegyric uye vivatnye kumicheto

Dzokudetemba uye kwakaita zvikuru akasikwa rukudzo pamambo vake vehondo. Panguva iyoyo paiva kwakadaro zita Edge se "laudatory" uye "vivatny". MuchiGiriki panhgurikoz - rwiyo rwokurumbidza urwu, rumbidzo yakawandisa. Translated kubva muchiLatin vivat rinoreva "mhenyu refu". Kuimba micheto izvi pamwe nokuverenga "mashoko okurumbidza", alternated pamwe kurira pamusoro mabhero uye vachiridzira cannons, uye Akaperekedzwa kuridza nendarira Zviridzwa. In mumhanzi imwe unopinza - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha dzokudetemba, anowanzoshandurwa kuwanikwa mumba. Vakaridza mushure welcome kutaura uye chakasimba, sezvo tositi. Panegyric micheto dziri kutamba chikoro dzemitambo St. Petersburg uye Moscow.

Maitiro zviri Kunogumira

The chikuru chepfungwa mimhanzi zvinoriumba ndiyo chikamu matatu-micheto hurukuro pamwe yakafanana sangano repamusoro maviri mavhoti. Independent bass anoita somunhu harmonic nheyo. Melodic intonation zvakakangwa znamenny dau, uyewo Russian, Belarusian, Polish uye Ukrainian zvavo nziyo. Kana isu funga Petrine yaitonga, mimhanzi ive mupendero - rwiyo urwu, iro rinoshandiswa fanfare intonation, nowenyika wayo vachiridza anonongedzera zvechiuto. Pamitambo uye yakatarwa hunhu akapa dzokudetemba-jubilus mashoko "Viva!", Uyewo chaiyo mutinhimira pakati kufora. Kwenguva refu vakatonga aimuchengeta uye choral Genre. Kant akatsiva aifungisisa raspevnosti siyana vakauya melos kufamba, Crisp uye kwakavharwa nenyama mutinhimira, syllabic mita.

Ichatonga zvine mbiri Genre. scriptwriter

Pamusoro-soro kumucheto zvikanzwika pakati XVIII remakore. Panguva ino, pane lyrical, nhoroondo uye chinosetsa nziyo. Ivo vakaramba mukurumbira wavo kusvikira pakutanga XIX remakore. The yakanakisisa Vanyori nguva yake vaiva vanyori magwaro. Pakati pavo: MV Lomonosov, AP Sumarokov, VK Trediakovskii.

Vakanyora mumhanzi raiwanzoshandiswa wakaiswa chete vadetembi. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti ari manyoro kuunganidza (maererano netsika) haana kutaridzwa mazita Vanyori. Tradition kuita micheto pamusoro nomukurumbira mimhanzi yaunonyanya kare zvaiitikawo anenge kubva veMubatanidzwa wokuimba. Kant - ichi ndotext, dzakachengetedzwa mipumburu kuunganidza. Vazhinji vavo vakatsauka imwe muunganidzwa mumwe, uye dzokudetemba ose micheto zhinji vaiva nenzira dzakasiyana.

Sezvo rwakaimbwa dzokudetemba?

Kakawanda vari kuziviswa kusarira (the kuenderana). Kuti rinoitwa a'capella. Zvisinei, zvose novimba musoro chigadzirwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, bass (kana yose inivhoyisi) kudzokororwa pamusoro zviridzwa zvakasiyana.

Mienzaniso anorayiridza rwekutendeuka uye dzokudetemba vaiita pamusoro nhengo. Panegyric - mhepo zviridzwa. Anofudza kana rudo pamwe kuridza gitare, harpsichord, nhatu, kana piyano.

The simba ngano

Comic micheto muri unoshamisa muenzaniso simba ngano pamusoro ichi nyanzvi Genre. A vazhinji madhorobha zvavo nziyo kunogona kuwanikwa zvinyorwa muunganidzwa ari 60-70s zviri XVIII remakore. mimwe idzi kuti tanga chimiro kutara National rwiyo okugadzira zvinhu. Pahwaro mupumburu kuunganidza ari 70-80s rakadhindwa muunganidzwa wenziyo zvakasikwa. Somugumisiro kubata madhorobha zvavo nziyo uye Kant pamusoro vakaita kuchikosha kwokushanduka Genres izvi. The rwiyo kunonyatsooneka manyorero: rwiyo mamiriro, unaku. Kupfuma kwakaita mutinhimira uye zvitarisiko, nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana akawana imwe mucheto. Kukosha uye mugumisiro ngano, sezvo tinogona kuona, hazvirambiki.

Russian chechi Orthodox kuimba

With pfungwa pokutenda hunonyatsobatana napo zvakakwana. basa iri kuonekwa chakanakisisa uye kupfuura akakwana pasi pano. Voice sezvo ruzha mutumbi mweya womunhu, rakasarudzwa nokuti kubwinya kwaMwari. Orthodox kuimba - muunganidzwa chechi-tsika nziyo. chinyorwa wavo avhenekerwa hymnographers, ivo raspet. Melody ine maitiro ayo. Zvinoratidza yenyika hunhu, ari zvepfungwa marudzi, Magariro uye zvimwe zvinhu. About chiuru adarika, namadzibaba edu vakatora Holy Orthodoxy of Eastern Byzantine Church. chinyorwa Its rinoshandurwa kubva yakakurumbira St. Kirill I Mefody. pakupedzisira Rwiyo rakashandurwa pacharo Orthodox Rus. Shanduro iyi kwakatora emakore akawanda, sezvo raingova mutauro mutsva melodic. It zvinoratidzwa yeOrthodox yeRussia nokuimba. Chaizvoizvo, Orthodoxy pacharo panguva iyoyo akakura, akakura, uye pakupedzisira kuumbwa.

Saka, choral mimhanzi pakubhadhara anoverengeka, uye ayo anosiyaniswa nemamwe maitiro. Choral polyphony iripo kuMiddle Ages uye Renaissance anowana maruva. Basic nzira uye aesthetic nenheyo dzakatangwa vatenzi ari Dutch chikoro uye nevateveri vavo.

Nyaya kwainzi mubvunzo huru wakabvunzwa pakutanga - "? Rinoreva munhu unopinza" ayo kwakatangira, maitiro uye mhando zvave kuzivikanwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ichatonga zvine mbiri Genre kwakaitika XVIII remakore, izvo vaiona kuti zera chikonzero uye kuvhenekerwa.