Imba yaPeter the Great muSt. Petersburg

Unhu hwaPeter I hune nzvimbo inokosha munhoroondo yeRussia. Uye nhasi kuyeuka kwake kuri kurarama. Zvose nzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa nekugara kweTar-reformer, inonakidza kune vanyori venhoroondo uye vagari venyika vese.

Yechivako chekutanga mumusha mutsva weRussia

Kuonekwa kwechivako, icho chakazozozivikanwa sePetra 1 Lodge , chinosanganiswa nezviitiko zvezvakaitika zve 1703. Panguva ino, Russia yakasimbisa nzvimbo dzayo muBaltic, pakanga pane hondo neSweden, kuvakwa kwaPeter naPaul Fortress uye neguta idzva pamhenderekedzo yeNeva yakatanga.

Nenzira yamambo yakavakwa imba yegiyo. Yaiva nzvimbo yakanakisisa: kubva kune imwe nzvimbo iwe unogona kuona kufambira mberi kwekuvakwa kwenhare, mufambiro wezvakaipa, kuburuka kwezvikepe kumvura. Petro ini ndaigara mumba apo aifunga kuti zvakafanira kuvapo pachedu pane zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa.

Enda kumba uye ugare mairi kusvikira panguva iyo imba yokutanga yamambo yakavakwa muSt. Petersburg. Kubva muna 1708 imba yezhizha yePeter Mukuru yakaguma kushandiswa nekuda kwechinangwa chayo chepakutanga.

Architecture

Vashandi vekuvaka vaibata basa rokuveza kubva kumasasa. Imba yaPetro Mukuru yakagadzirwa munguva pfupi. Maererano nevakaona, zvakatora mazuva matatu chete.

Yakanga yakabviswa kubva pamatanda emapine akavezwa, ayo akatorwa kuti avakire pedyo. Vavezi mukuvaka kwechivakwa vaitungamirirwa nemitambo yekare inobatanidza nekuvakwa kweimba dzeRussia. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechivako unogona kuona kuvapo kwezvinhu zveDutch maitiro. Panguva iyoyo mambo aifarira chaizvo pakuvakwa kwenyika ino.

Nenzira yamambo, matanda akaiswa pasi uye akavezwa pasi pezvitini zvitsvuku. Denga repamusoro rakange rakafukidzwa kuitira kuti riite sedenga rekumata. Zvikuru zvisingawanikwi kwekuvakwa kweRussia, mahwindo akaonekwa.

Mukati mekugadzirwa kwekamuri

Imba yaPetro 1 ine chinyorwa chakanyatsojeka mukati. Nzvimbo yose yekamuri yacho yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, zvakabatana nekorodhi. Ikoko kwakarongerwa chidzidzo chamambo, imba yokudyira uye nekamuri. Mafuta uye chimneys hazvipo. Izvi zvakare zvinoratidza kuti imba yakanga isina kushandiswa munguva yechando.

Kuchengetedzwa kweimba nevana

Yakanga yakagadzirirwa uye gore negore yakawana simba reSt. Petersburg. Imba yaPetro 1, pasinei nekuzvininipisa kwemavakirwo, yakasarudzwa kuchengetedza semutengo unodhura. Kutenda nekuedza kwevana, chivakwa chakasvika mumazuva edu muchimiro chepakutanga.

Muna 1731 denga rakavakwa pamusoro peimba, iyo yakaidzivirira kubva mumamiriro okunze akaipa kusvika muna 1784. Yaiva ipapo iyo chivakwa chakaiswa mukati mebwe "nyaya". Uye muna 1844 "chifukidziro" chakatsiviwa nechimwe chitsva. Yakanga yakavakwa namabwe negirazi, yakafukidzwa nedenga reimba. Izvi ndizvo zvinoratidzirwa chivako zvino.

Nharaunda yakapoteredza nzvimbo iyo imba yaPeter Mukuru yakashandurwa. Muna 1852 nzvimbo yacho yakakomberedzwa nedanda resimbi. Pamberi pechivako kona yakareba yakadzikwa, yakakomberedzwa nesimbi yesimbi. Mabasa akaitwa muna 1875. Panguva imwecheteyo, mushambadzi waPetro wakanga wakagadzirirwa munharaunda.

The Museum

Nguva pfupi mumba maiva nechitendero. Kumugumo uyu, kuchinja kwakagadzirwa pakuvakwa kwayo uye mukati mekugara. Asi gare gare vakazobviswa, uye chivako chacho chakapiwazve chimiro chakanaka.

Muna 1930, imba yezhizha yaPeter the Great yakaona imwe shanduko: musamuziyamu yakavhurwa pano. Zvaakaratidzwa zvaiva zvinhu zveTar, zvinhu zveimba, zvinyorwa zvine chokuita nenguva iyoyo.

Kuedza kwakakosha kwaidiwa kubva kune vashandi veyeuchidzo museum munguva yeGreat Patriotic War. Imba yaPetro yaifanira kunyatsorongedzwa, ichiiponesa nenzira imwecheteyo kubva kune bhomba rinoparadza. Mushure mokusimudzwa kwekuvhara, iyi musamuziyamu yaiva yekutanga yekudzorerwa. Muna 1944, akanga atogamuchira vashanyi vake.

Mumakore emakore mushure mehondo, panguva yekuvapo kweU.S., imba yacho pachayo, dome uye chidimbu chesimbi chakakomberedza chimiro chakanyanyiswa. Mukuwedzera, kudzorerwa kwesayenzi kwezvinhu zvose zvakaitwa.

Kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu museumumu ane mukana wekushanda gore rose, sezvo chivako chiri kupisa. Zviratidzo zviri mukati memba uye munzvimbo yebhoti.

Dzimba duku muKolomenskoye

Pane imwe chivako chinonakidza chinoenderana nehupenyu hwemambo. Nhau pamusoro payo inogona kutaurira musimamende -chengetedza "Kolomenskoye". Imba yaPetro Mukuru yakatakurwa pano muna 1934. Izvi zvakaitika nekuda kwekuedza kwaPyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky, mutungamiri wekutanga we chiyeuchidzo muKolomenskoye. Ndiye iye akaponesa imba kubva pakuparadzwa (chisarudzo chokuputsa chivakwa chacho chakanga chatoitwa nemasimba eArkhangelsk).

Kuvakwa kwakadzoka kare muna 1702, uye nzvimbo yekumisa yakanga iri muromo weNorthern Dvina. Imba yakavakwa kunyanya kune tsar. Akauya kumatunhu aya kuti atarisire pachavo kuvakwa kwenhare munzvimbo itsva idzodzo uye kuongorora kukosha kwayo zvakakosha mukudzivirira Arkhangelsk kubva mukurwisa kwevaSweden.

Mumba mangu Petro ini ndakararama mwedzi miviri chete, asi kugara kwake pano kwaive nekuzvikudza zvikuru kwevagari vemo. Ndivo ivo vakaita shingairo yekuchengetedza kuvaka kwechiitiko kanopfuura kamwechete.

Muna 1710, yakatamirwa kubva munzvimbo yakadzika kusvika kunzvimbo yakachengeteka yezvivakwa zvehuni.

Maererano nehuchapupu hwevanhu venguva dzose, munguva yakabva muna 1723 kusvika muna 1730 (zuva chaiyo rakanga risati rasimbiswa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare) moto wakaputika mumba, asi yakakurumidza kudzimwa.

Muna 1800 chivako chakadzorerwa, shure kwacho chakamira kune mamwe makore 77. Muna 1877, imba yacho yakatakurwa kuenda kuArkhangelsk, nokuti kuchengetedzwa kwaive yakafukidzwa ne "matanda" ematanda, ayo akazotsiviwa nebwe rimwe. Mune chimiro ichi, imba yacho yakamira pakatarisana neNorth Dvina kusvikira yaenda kuKolomenskoye.

Munzvimbo itsva imba yaPetro yakaungana mukuputsa mitemo yekudzorera basa. Muna 2008 chete, kuvakwa kwechivako chacho, mukati maro pakanga patsva zvakare.

Imba yakavakwa mumutauro wechiRussia, asi zvinhu zvezvinhu zvitsva zvinogona kuonekwa pano. Pasi pemafungiro evanyori vezvakaitika kare, vaigona kuonekwa pamirairo yeumambo.

Izvo zvinyorwa zvemazuva ano zvemu museum zvinoshanyira vashanyi nemigumo yezvakaitika munguva yaPetro, humwe humwe hunhu hwemambo-mutendeji, zvaanofarira zvakasiyana-siyana. Iyi ndiyo chete museum muMoscow yakatsaurirwa kuhupenyu hwaPeter I.