Kozlov: mhuka yemhuri uye madzitateguru ayo

Mazita evaSlav vekare, maererano nemamwe maonero enyika yakapoteredza, airehwa nemazita emhuka kana mbeu, iyo, iyo, semunhu, yaiva chikamu chezvakasikwa.

Zita rokuti Kozlov: inotangira uye zvinoreva

Achidana mwana, vaSlav vekare vakakumbira Amai Nature kuti vape mwana wacho unhu hwakanakisisa hwemhuka, ane zita raaipfeka.

Kozlov - zita iro rinobva, maererano nevatsvakurudzi vemazuva ano, rinosanganiswa necheri risati riri chechi (zita rekutanga-rechiKristu) zita rokuti Kozel. Munharaunda yeRussia yechihedheni mazita akadaro haana kushamisika chero ani zvake, sezvo aive chikamu chinokosha chetsika dzechitendero chekunamata zvidhori.

Madzibaba edu echihedheni chekare vairemekedza mbudzi semunhu anoita semunhu, huzhinji hune simba, basa rekusika uye rakanaka. Kubwinya kwaive kunonzi kuhongo sembudzi sekukunda kwezvikomo zvepamusoro uye zvakaoma-kusvika-kusvika kumusoro-yakakwirira nzira. Nokudaro, mwana akawana zita, anoziva nezita remhuka iyi, anofanira kukura ane ushingi, asina simba, akasimba uye akachenjera.

Kuti zita racho rakava sei nezita

Zvose zvakashanduka mushure mekubhabhatidzwa kwaRussi na Prince Vladimir muna 988 (kana 987). Pasinei nokuti vaSlav vaMamwe Marudzi, vachiremekedza rusununguko rwekusarudza uye hutongi hwevanhu, vakanga vasina kugadzirira kugamuchira zvimwe zvitendero, kuchinja kwenyika kwakabata umwe neumwe wavo. Ichokwadi sei ichi chinyorwa chinobatanidzwa kune zita rinonzi Kozlov? Kubva kwezita racho, zvichida, kunokonzerwa zvakakwana nekushandurwa kweVatendi vekare muChiKristu.

Mushure mekusvika kwekutenda kwechiKristu, mbudzi yakarondedzerwa mhuka yadhiabhorosi, chiratidzo chechivi, kutuka uye kusagadzikana. Zita rokuti Kozel zvishoma nezvishoma rakashandurwa rikava zita rokuti Kozlov, uye izwi rokuti "scapegoat" raive nechinangwa chitsva: "Kristu, akadzikinura zvitadzo zvenyika."

Iko shoko rokuti "scapegoat" rakabva kupi?

Munguva dzekare pfungwa chaiyo ye "absolution" yakanga iri mukati mekugadzirisa tsika yechiJudha "Zuva Rokuyananisira". Pazuva rakasarudzwa, kuburikidza nekudengenyeka, zvitadzo zvose zvevanhu zvakaendeswa kune mbudzi mbiri, imwe yeiyo-iyo iyo yakagoverwa nemujenya - yakashanda sechibayiro chokuyananisira mwari wechiJudha Yahweh, uye imwe, iyo inonzi "scapegoat", yeAzazel. Izvo zviyo zvakatumirwa kunzvimbo isina nzvimbo uye yakasunungurwa.

Muchirevo ichi, pane tsika: mufambi mumwe chete hapana mbudzi yemunhu yakapfuura mumugwagwa wegumi - shure kwezvose, angave akave nzvimbo yeMambo weNima, uye murume akatora mhuka wacho pachake akatora zvitadzo zvevanhu vose vechiJudha ... Asi, Zita rokuti Kozlov zvinoreva kuti vatakuri varo - vana vevakuru vekare vevaSlavic uye pamusoro pezvakaitika kare zvenhoroondo havana chavanoita.

Pedigree yeGables

The patronymic, yakabva kune zita risina chechi zita rokuti Kozel, raive rakakurumbira mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi15. Izvi hazvishamisi, zvichibva pakuzivikanwa kwezita rakafanana nemurume. Maererano nehuwandu hwakagadzirwa naB. Unbegaun, muSt. Petersburg pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, zita rezita rokuti Kozlov rakanga riri munzvimbo yechina inoda.

Iyo yakasimbiswa zvakare kuti mumamiriro evanhu vechidiki zita rokuti Kozlov (mhedzisiro yezita rezita rinosanganiswa nenguva yakapfuura kuberekwa kwekutenda kwechiKristu) yakaumbwa panguva yekuzvidzivirira kweiyo yakakurumbira mhuri yekare yekare.

Pakati pezana remakore rechi15, mwanakomana wa Boyar Morozov, Grigory Kozel, ndiye aiva nheyo yemhuri yeKozlov, uye imwe Kozlovs yakabva kubva kumzukuru waLeo mumhuri yechinomwe - Ignatii Grigoryevich Kozel-Beklemishev, ane vanakomana vainzi mazita Turkic (Karachura, Saltyk naShadra Kozlovy) muzana remakore rechi16 uye muna 1573 Yakapiwa zita rekuremekedza.

Zita rokuti Kozlov: nyika uye zvinoreva

Gare gare, maKozlovs akaonekwa pakati pevarimi vaipfeka mazita anonzi patronymic kana kuti nickname. Maererano nekufungidzira kwaNa Baskakov, zita rokuti Kozlov rinobva kuTurkic-Nogai "mbu" ("makore matatu ane makore"). Apo hurumende yehurumende yepamusoro kubva kuvakuru yakasvika kusvika kumusoro kwayo, muPoland mazita akatanga kuonekwa mumitemo yakawanda, kuguma nemakwikwi -sky, -sky, -ovich, -evich ... Vamiririri vepanzvimbo dzepamusoro dzevanhu vakagadziriswa patsva.

Imwe nzira yakashandurwa yakashandura kaviri kubvumirana nemanzwiro (kunyanya "c", "l", "p" uye "t"), nemhaka yekuti mazita akange akazivikanwa akashandurwa kuti ave akasiyana uye akasiyana: Kozell, Koziello ... Saka "Kozlov" - zita rezita , Mhuka yakabva kune zita remhuka isingatyi - yava chinhu chinokudzwa.

Nhasi, munhu anonzi Kozel, Kozlanyuk, Kozlyuk, Kozlonok anogona kuwanikwa munharaunda yeUkraine neBelarus. Kana iri zita rokuti Kozlov (iro rinowanzoshandisa mazuva ano rakamubvumira kuti aende pamwero wekududzirwa kune nzvimbo yechinomwe) - iye, sepakutanga, ndeyezvizvarwa zvevarume vekare veRussia nevarimi.

VaScandinavi vanonamata mbudzi sechiratidzo chehutano uye vakaiona iyo mhuka yemwari Thor. VaGiriki vekare vairemekedzawo mbudzi (mhedzisiro yezita racho harisanganiswi nechiGiriki kana chiScandinavia tsika), kunamata mbudzi-saMwari mwari Pan.

"Mbudzi" hurukuro ndeimwe yezvikamu zvekufananidzira kweDionysus (iye, zvichida, akadawo kuva mbudzi panguva yekuzorora), uyo anogara achigara akabatanidzwa nembudzi dzakagadzirwa nembudzi. Kunyangwe izwi rinonyanya kuzivikanwa rokuti "cornucopia", sezvazvakaitika, rine chokuita nemhuka iyi: Jupiter inonwa kubva kuhwamanda yembudzi, iyo, sezvainozivikanwa, yakakodzwa nemukaka wembudzi.

Zvapiwa zvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa, munhu anonzi Kozlov anogona kunge ari wehurumende uye Russian, uye Ukrainian, uye Byelorussian, uye Pole.

Mashoko anofadza

Zita rokuti Kozlov, maererano nevasayendisiti, mune 50% yemhosva inobva kuRussia, 5% kubva kuUkrainian, 10% kubva kuBelarusian, 30% kubva kuTatar, Mordovian, Bashkir, Buryat uye ne5% yezviitiko zveBulgarian uye MaSerbia mazita, mazita, mazita emabasa uye mazita emisha.

Mune mamwe mazita ezvinyorwa zvemashoko ezvematongerwo enyika akave achiripo kusvikira nhasi, zvinonzi mazitaye emazuva ano eKozlovs aiva akanyanya kukosha mashamba ezvakaitika uye akauya kubva kuvafundisi veSlavic (mazana emakore gumi nemakumi maviri nematanhatu), vakapiwa simba uye vairemekedzwa. Ikare kare yemidzi yemhuri yeKozlov (mhedzisiro yezita rezita, tinodzokorora, yakabatana ne nguva inotangira kuberekwa kwechitendero chechiKristu) inopupurirwa nerejista yekuverengwa kweRussia yose yaivepo panguva yekutonga kwaIvan the Terrible. Mambo wacho akachengeta runyora rwemafura uye mazita ekunakidza, ayo "akabudiswa" kunyanya akakurumbira semubairo. Vatsvakurudzi vanofunga nezita rokuti Kozlov kuti rive rakasiyana, kuchengetedza munhu mumwe, kutanga kwepakutanga.