Kupatsanura zvinhu - magadzirirwo Rubinstein

Zvakanaka nyore, asi inoshanda chaizvo maitiro kuongorora zvepfungwa evanhu, kushandiswa zvese kuRussia uye kunze, inopiwa compatriot yedu - musayendisiti Sergey Leonidovich Rubinstein. The nzira "kupatsanura zvinhu" akasika pakupera remakore rapfuura, anoramba mamiriro ayo somumwe rakakurumbira wepfungwa ano.

musiki unhu

Sergey Leonidovich Rubinstein - chimwe chezvishamiso zvikuru masayendisiti Russian remakore rechimakumi maviri mumunda uzivi uye zvepfungwa. Yakavakirwa kwegadziriro maonero ouzivi kwevanhu mupfungwa hunhu, Rubinstein akakwanisa kusika munhu kwouzivi uye mupfungwa pamuviri womunhu. It muchidimbu basa-zvounhu, vachiziva, pakunamata uye mupfungwa upenyu wacho.

Rubinstein tsvakurudza uye rakanyorwa pachishandiswa mabasa avo ndakasika nheyo kuti kukura zvepfungwa, zvese Russia uye munyika. Somuenzaniso, maverengerwe "kupatsanura zvinhu" rinoshandiswa rokuongorora yevanhu uye mupfungwa ezvinhu panguva.

Zvinosuruvarisa Sergey Leonidovich akamanikidzwa kukanganisa basa rake kwesayenzi - nokutambudzika hondo "cosmopolitans" chaiva chikonzero kudzingwa kwake.

Mumwe migumisiro akangwarira basa S. L.Rubinshteyna ndiyo marongedzero chinozivisa mupfungwa abnormalities, vanoda "kupatsanura zvinhu" - imwe nzira inoita, kubudikidza nemiedzo nyore kuongorora mupfungwa mamiriro ari munhu. The maitiro akanga dzataurwa nokuda K. Goldstein, sezvo dzakabudirira L. S. Vygotskim, B. V. Zeygarnik uye S. L.Rubinshteynom.

Kugadzirwa psychopathology

Sarudza psychopathology ari oga bazi sayenzi vanosungirwa zviitiko remakore mid-maviri. Ropa hondo zvichiitika kubva pemauto chirwere, richiratidzwa kutyora mashandiro kufunga kwakaita kuti aifanira kutsvaka nzira itsva kukurira mafungiro zvirwere.

Famous vanachiremba, masayendisiti, kusanganisira S. L. Rubinshteyn, vakabatsira umutsidzire varwere muzvipatara zvechiuto. Zvidzidzo zvavo zvokuongorora akaita mupiro chaizvo kuti nyika mupfungwa nesayenzi, uyewo mubishi yekuwana kukunda.

Yakanga panguva Second War World kunge vaunganidza kunokosha empirical Data akashandurwa kuti pathopsychological nesayenzi, aumba somunhu yoga Institute zivo chete 80s, uye vakatanga "kupatsanura zvinhu" - imwe nzira inoita, kubudikidza nyore kuongorora kuziva mupfungwa chirwere nyaya.

Nezvinodzidziswa kanganisika kwepfungwa

Zvemamiriro zvepfungwa ndiko kusiyaniswa kutungamirirwa yokuora zvepfungwa.

• Nyaya yokudzidza - matambudziko mupfungwa uye zvirwere.
• The basa - kuziva zvinokonzera hosha, mwero kunoita uye kuwana nzira kurapa chirwere ichi.
• Nzira - mupfungwa kuongorora uye miedzo kuongorora mupfungwa mamiriro munhu, ziva Kusiyanisa unyanzvi, ziva zvinhu, vachifunga.

Chimwe ndicho pakati pavo ndiye "kupatsanura zvinhu" - imwe nzira yakanyorwa S. L. Rubinshteynom kuziva mupfungwa zvinetso muvanhu, zvikurukuru, nezvinetso kufunga uye kufunga.

Analysis nzira - chiedzwa. Kusiyana dzenhoroondo zvishandiso wepfungwa - bvunzo, kuedza haana nguva muganhu. Mukupesana, zviratidzo zvakadai nguva basa achibvumira, zvichienderana mwero kunzwisisa basa, kuti yakavimbika ndezvipi pamusoro mupfungwa mamiriro yacho.

Kukosha Method "kupatsanura zvinhu"

"The kupatsanura zvinhu" - imwe nzira chakagadzirirwa kuongorora wevasungwa ari bvunzo, uyewo kuongorora ayo kunopindirana unongotaura. Kusiyana nevamwe nzira - .. "dzakakudzingai zvinhu", apo kusimbisa inoendeswa kuongorora zvine mafungiro munhu, feasibility kudzidza pamusoro kwetunhu vaitaura kwavari, kureva, nokuda induction, kuti kupatsanura nzira kunosanganisira deductive kuongorora. Nzira kuti "kupatsanura" zvinhu zvikuru nguva unoparadza pane "chokudzingwa" zvavo. Panyaya iyi, nyaya yaidiwa mukuru kuwanikwa.

yakarongeka rutsigiro

Nhasi, mune imwe neimwe rokutanga utano inotarisirwa, uyewo kindergartens uye zvikoro kuti kudzidza mupfungwa mamiriro vanhu vakashandisa nzira "kupatsanura zvinhu." Anotikurudzira zvinhu inoshandiswa ongororo - a nechepamusoro makadhi nezvifananidzo chaienzanirana mafungiro uye mupfungwa mamiriro murwere. Maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, uriri kunofanira 68-70 makadhi. Nokuti kuti magadzirirwo inowedzerwa nguva, zviri ingangodaro nhamba yavo zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kana kutapudza.

Mukuru ezvinhu nokuda yakarongeka zvinhu - kushandiswa makadhi hwakagadzwa mharidzo. Image, Kurohwa inokosha pamufananidzo, ayo ruvara uye pakuonekwa, uye pepa dzinofanira maererano dzakabudirira rabhoritari experimental psychopathology Institute of Psychiatry, RSFSR Ministry of Health template. Sezvo vose zviratidzo izvi dzinokosha kuti kuedza, migumisiro tsvakurudzo kuitwa pamwe kushandiswa makadhi regai zvinodiwa vari ndedzenhema.

Typical mufananidzo Makadhi

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzira "kupatsanura mifananidzo zvinhu" akanga pasi mazuvaano - akanga aronga kutsiva mufananidzo pamusoro kadhi nemashoko runoenzanirana namashoko. Zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti nzira "kupatsanura Mashoko" chine nyore kungotaura, asi nematambudziko yevasungwa uye ndangariro.

A pamazita mashoko (mienzaniso):

• womuapuro muti;

• TV;
• Lantern and said.

Unorudzi

chidobi "kupatsanura zvinhu" ndeimwe nyore nzira kuziva mupfungwa abnormalities. Mirayiridzo chidzidzo:

• Danho 1: "Matsi murayiridzo" - nyaya vakakumbirwa kuparadzira makadhi akagovera kuedza, mapoka. In muedzo uyu hazvirevi mirayiridzo yakajeka pamusoro sei, neizvo zvinodiwa zvinofanira revatema ari kudzidzisa izvi makadhi pfungwa. Kana nyaya anobvunza mubvunzo sei kuumba mapoka, kuedza maneja anofanira kukuudza kureva chete yavo mafungiro.
• Step 2 Peridicheskaya kupima - musoro kuedza kubvunza nyaya muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano zvinodiwa. Mashoko All inofanira kunyorwa cheki fomu. Kana paumbwe mapoka akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze pahwaro zvakarurama zvinodiwa mutungamiri vanofanira kurumbidza kana kushora basa yacho. The kuita bvunzo zvinofanira ngadzirambe dziri nokudzora fomu.
• Danho 3: Head proposes kubatanidza neboka makadhi ari makuru. generalized zvinodiwa uyewo anoramba kuti bvunzo.

Uyezve, imwe tinyatsonzwisisa migumisiro basa.

Features chevana psychopathology

chidobi "kupatsanura zvinhu" rinoshandiswawo nokuda kudzidza mupfungwa mamiriro vana. "Vana" shanduro pamusoro kuongorora haana kumbosiyana kubva "mukuru". The chete Kusara inhamba makadhi. Kushanda nevana, zvichienderana nezera ravo, vanofanira kubviswa uriri makadhi ose nezvifananidzo, asingazivikanwi mwana. Kana vakabudirira kuvakwa bvunzo, sechinhu kuedza, uye kuona pachiyero ayo budiriro inogona kupa kuwedzera nechimwe mapoka "mukuru" kadhi, iva nechokwadi kuti azive chikonzero kusarudza mumwe kana rimwe boka uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa..

Zvisinei, nokuda yakakwirira mupfungwa, mupfungwa uye nguva yakawanda, Akati nzira haawanzopiwi akashandiswa Kuongorora mupfungwa mamiriro vana. Anosiyiwa ndezvomusoro zvidzidzo pamusoro schizophrenic kwendangariro. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kuti vabudirire yakavimbika waivako zvinogoneka chete kuburikidza kushandisa izvi unyanzvi yakasanganiswa - the kupatsanura uye haizopereri achisiya nyaya.

Kuongororwa experimental mashoko

mupfungwa budiriro nezvinetso yakakwirira mwero mukana vanachiremba achiratidza nzira «kupatsanura zvinhu." Kududzirwa zvabuda kunoratidza kuvapo chirwere, uye zvinoenderana zvinhu zvinotevera:

1. Rairira pakusarudza munhu kupatsanura chinhu.

2. Kusachinja-chinja boka inotungamirwa.

Zvinofanira kubhadhara Cherechedzai pfungwa kuti kusarudzwa bhuku mifananidzo izvi kana kuti boka. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyaya zvakabatanidzwa chipunu maturusi nokuti rinogona kubatsira vakadzi darn masokisi uye yakachena - kuna vanachiremba mudonzvo, achitaura kusabereka.

Unofanirawo kuteerera kusindimara nako nyaya chinoratidza pfungwa yake.

Correlating migumisiro mupfungwa unyanzvi

Data vakawana somugumisiro nzira "kupatsanura zvinhu" akatorwa kuongorora umboo kuburikidza prism nzira "kunze zvinhu", sezvo vaviri vanotaurwa munhu mupfungwa ezvinhu kuongorora hurongwa nechinangwa pakudzidza ndaisagona mafungiro. Vakawana somugumisiro kuita mashoko chinoratidza mufananidzo rakazara wacho patopsihologicheskih.

Uyewo shandisa yakanatsa dzinobvira nevamwe bvunzo uye experimental nehurongwa. Asi usakanganwa kuti kana munhu aine mupfungwa zvirwere, mumwe nomumwe Analyses inoda yakawanda basa mari, maererano iyo kunyatsoshanda mumwe unozotevera yetsvakurudzo achaita kusviba.

Chokwadi, kuedza uye kuongorora ahwo kunoda ruzivo uye unyanzvi zvakakodzera. Zvisinei, kana ukasarudza kuita zvinonyatsorehwa Kuongorora mupfungwa kukura mwana, unogona kushandisa nzira "kupatsanura zvinhu." Chokwadi, havagoni kuwana mashoko akarurama, asi kuti vazadze nokutamba nguva kunakidza mabasa ichava zvikuru kubatsira.