Computer Charles Babbage. Biography, pfungwa uye zvigadzirwa Charles Babbage

Charlz Bebbidzh - Chirungu yemasvomhu uye muvambi, uyo akasika wokutanga zvaitika digitaalinen kombiyuta. Uyezve, akabatsira kusika ano Chirungu neposvo uye aiva yakavimbika actuarial pamabwendefa okutanga, yakaitwa pamusoro speedometer uye njanji puteochistitel imwe mhando.

Biography Charles Babbage

Akaberekwa muna London musi December 26, 1791 mubhangi dzomudiwa mhuri Praeds Benjamin Babbage, muridzi Bitton Estate muna Teignmouth uye Betsi Plamli mhando. Muna 1808 mhuri yakasarudza kutamira Old Road House, iri East Teignmouth, uye baba vake aiva wadheni St. Michael kereke yakavakidzana.

Baba Charles aiva mupfumi, saka aigona kudzidza kuzvikoro shoma vapfumi. At makore 8 okuberekwa akanga kuenda kuchikoro mumusha kuti pakurwara ine ngozi. Vabereki vake vakasarudza kuti mwana muuropi, "haafaniri kuva kunotadzisawo zvakare." Maererano Babbage, "nungo ichi chikuru kunge kwakaita kuti vamwe vake vana pfungwa."

Iye zvino chikoro King Edward VI muna Totnes, South Devon, raibudirira misoro chikoro, iyo inoshanda nhasi, asi mamiriro utano panguva kumanikidza Charles kuenda oga Vaperekedzi. Akazoteerera asvika kuvharwa vadzidzi Academy 30, akatungamirirwa neMweya Reverend Stiven Friman. Tsika ane zvakawanda raibhurari, izvo Babbage rakashandiswa nokuzvidzora yokudzidza masvomhu uye vakadzidza kuda izvozvo. Abuda Academy, akanga maviri oga wemazano. Mumwe wavo aiva rechina mufundisi weChirungu ainzi of Cambridge, iro dzidziso Charles akapindura sezvinotevera: ". Ndinotya kuti handina kudzidza zvose zvazvakanakira kuti aizowana" Mumwe aiva purofesa Oxford. Akadzidzisa Classics naCharles Babbage, kuti chigamuchirwe kuna Cambridge.

Kudzidza kuYunivhesiti

Muna October 1810 Babbage paakasvika Cambridge uye akanyoresa paChikoro Trinity College. Akanga ane dzidzo yakanaka - Lagrange aiziva Leibniz, Lacroix, Simpson uye zvakakomba mwoyo iripo kwemasvomhu zvirongwa. Saka, iye John Herschel, George Peacock, uye dzimwe shamwari vakasarudza kuumba Analytical Society.

Kana muna 1812 Babbage kuchinjirwa Peter House Cambridge, akanga yakanakisisa yemasvomhu; asi haana kudzidza pamwe chinokudza. Honorary dhigirii agamuchira Kwapera, kunyange pasina kupfuura bvunzo muna 1814.

Muna 1814 Charlz Bebbidzh akaroora Georgiana Whitmore. baba vake, nokuti chero zvikonzero, kuriropafadza. Mhuri vaigara norugare muLondon, pana Devonshire Street, 5. matatu chete nevana vavo vasere vakapona kwacho.

Baba Charles, mudzimai wake uye mumwe wavanakomana vake vafa zvinosuruvarisa muna 1827.

kombiyuta purojekiti

Mumazuva Charles Babbage dzemaitirwe pamusoro kwemasvomhu matafura kazhinji isu kuita chikanganiso, saka akasarudza kuwana nzira itsva kuti aizoita izvozvo mechanically, kubvisa kukanganisa kwevanhu. Pfungwa akaberekwa maari dzake mangwanani kwazvo, muna 1812.

Nhatu dzakasiyana zvinhu kukanganiswa kugamuchirwa kusarudza zvakadaro:

• haana kufanana hanya uye inaccuracy;
• zvakanga nyore theorem matafura;
• We vakafuridzirwa huripo basa iri pakuverenga michina W. Schickard, B. Pascal uye Leibniz.

Basic Misimboti kukarukureta mudziyo, iye inokurukurwa tsamba Sir H. Davy pamavambo 1822.

musiyano injini

Babbage nechipiriso zvaakanga achinzi "musiyano injini", iro Royal Astronomical Society June 14, 1822 mune rimwe pepa rakanzi "Notes pakushandisa muchina computation kuti muchadenga uye akarongeka pamatafura." Aigona karukureta polynomials uchishandisa nzira kusanganiswa rinonzi musiyano.

Society akatendera pfungwa, uye muna 1823 hurumende akamubvumira £ 1,500 ake kuvaka. Babbage akaita muna imwe kamuri pamba workshop vakaripira Dzhozefa Klementa kuti atungamirire pakuvaka mudziyo. chikamu chimwe nechimwe aifanira kuitwa manually uchibatsirwa dzinokosha zvishandiso, vakawanda raakanga kwakasimbiswa. Charles akaita zvakawanda achienda maindasitiri emakambani kunzwisisa kugadzirwa pezvakaitwa nani. Pachishandiswa Nzendo idzi uye ake pachake ruzivo mukusika michina muna 1832 Babbage yakabudisa pepa "On emari michina uye kugadzirwa." Raiva bhuku zviri nhasi kunzi yokutanga "zvesayenzi sangano okuwana."

Personal nenhamo uye rwendo Europe

mukadzi Georgiana afa, baba Charles Babbage uye mwanakomana wake muduku yakapindira kuvakwa muna 1827. Jobs kuremedzwa naye zvakasimba, uye akanga vava kuda kuparara. Dzhon Gershel nedzimwe shamwari dzakawanda akapwisa Babbage kuita rwendo kuenda Europe kuti apore. Iye nomunyika Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Italy, kushanyira mumayunivhesiti uye indasitiri.

In Italy, akaziva kuti akanga akagadzwa Lucasian purofesa wemasvomhu paCambridge University. Pakutanga, aida mapfumo, asi shamwari akamugombedzera zvimwe. On paakadzokera kuEngland muna 1828 akatamira Dorset Street, 1.

pakutangazve

Panguva kusavapo Babbage kuti Difference Engine chirongwa yasvika pasi moto. Runyerekupe Akapedza mari hurumende kuti muchina asingashandi uye kuti zvaizova zvisina rinoshanda chaizvoizvo kana aitwa. Dzhon Gershel uye Royal Society yave pachena akadzivirira basa. The hurumende yakaramba kutsigirwa wayo nokupa £ 1,500 April 29, 1829, makirogiramu 3,000 December 3, uye zvakafanana February 24, 1830. Basa mberi, asi Babbage kuramba aiva dambudziko kuwana mari kubva muhomwe.

Kuramba nechirongwa

matambudziko nemari Charles Babbage rakaenderana kusembura nokusawirirana pamwe Clement. Babbage nokuti musha wavo akavaka maviri-storey, 15-mita-refu workshop. Aiva girazi denga okuvimba, uyewo fireproof yakachena mukamuri kuchengetera muchina. Clement akaramba kufamba kupinda chitoro itsva uye aida mari kufamba vakapoteredza guta kuti atarisire basa. Pakupindura Babbage akamukoka kugamuchira mari zvakananga kubva Treasury. Clement akaramba uye akarega basa racho.

Uyezve, akaramba unzi vanodhirowa uye nematurusi akashandisa kusika Difference Engine. Pashure bhizimisi £ 23,000, kusanganisira £ 6,000 pamusoro zvakarurama Babbage, basa iri konekwa mudziyo yakamira muna 1834. Muna 1842, hurumende kwaitanga vakasiya basa racho.

Charlz Bebbidzh uye Analytical Engine

Kure muvambi musiyano Engine Ndakatanga kufunga kwake nani chimiro. Pakati 1833 uye 1842, Charles aiedza kuvaka zano rinogona chiite kubereka chero kuverenga, kwete chete chokuita polynomial equations. Wokutanga budiriro akauya apo redirected ari goho pamusoro midziyo panguva chiyamuro wayo mamwe zvingaitwa kuti equations. Iye se muchina kuti "anodya pachake muswe wayo." Haana kutora nguva kuziva chikuru zvinhu Analytical injini.

Charles Babbage kombiyuta kupinda mashoko nemirayiridzo pamusoro zvakafanira Masvomhu inoshandiswa punchi makadhi, akakweretwa kubva Jacquard pachirukiso. The midziyo raiva nezvikamu zviviri: chigayo uye amatura. Mill, zvakafanana processor imwe kombiyuta yemazuva ano, kuvhiya pamusoro Data vakawana kubva dzigare mairi, iyo inogona kunzi sezvo ndangariro. Zvakanga wokutanga kombiyuta wenyika zvayo-chinangwa.

Computer Charles Babbage yakagadzirwa muna 1835. The kwakaita basa rakanga zvechokwadi incredible. Babbage uye kuzobatsira vanamukoti wandei ndakasika 500 guru kugadzira vanodhirowa, 1,000 machira ane zvemaziso zviratidzo uye kurondedzerwa 7,000 machira. Urongwa chigayo yakanga 4,6 M yakakwirira uye 1,8 M dhayamita. Storage 100 digits kuratidzirwa 7.6 m. Nokuti muchina wavo mutsva Babbage akavaka chiduku bvunzo zvidimbu. Fully muchina kumboiswa rakapera. Muna 1842, pashure akadzokorora kundikana kuedza kuwana hurumende mari, akatendeukira kuna Sir Robert Peel. Akaramba uye pachinzvimbo vakapa kwaari knighthood. Babbage akaramba. Akaramba yokugadziridza uye kuvandudza magadzirirwo kwemakore akawanda kuuya.

Countess pamusoro Lovelace

Muna October 1842 Federiko Luidzhi, Italian vakawanda uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu, akabudisa nyaya Analytical Engine. Augusta Ada King, Countess pamusoro Lovelace, shamwari venguva yakareba Babbage, akashandurira basa kupinda Chirungu. Charles akakoka kwake kupa shanduro manotsi. Pakati 1842 uye 1843 vakaroorana manotsi pamwe rakanyorwa 7, zvachose wakareba katatu chaiko ukuru nyaya. Mune mumwe wavo Hell akagadzira tafura chepurogiramu, izvo Babbage akasika kuverenga Bernoulli nhamba. Mune mumwe, iye akanyora pamusoro generalized algebraic gadzirirwa kuti kuvhiya vane zviratidzo uyewo nhamba. zvichida Lovelace aiva wokutanga kuziva rwakafanana chinangwa Babbage kuti mano, uye vamwe vanofunga kuti nyika yokutanga kombiyuta programmer. Akatanga kushanda mubhuku, achirondedzera Analytical injini muudzame, asi havana nguva kuipedza.

ouinjiniya chishamiso

Munguva pakati October 1846 kusvika March 1849 pakati Babbage akatanga afunge musiyano pakati muchina wechipiri, kushandisa ruzivo vakawana kuti kusika ongororo yavo. Raishandiswa zvidimbu 8000 chete, katatu muduku kupfuura kutanga. Raiva chishamiso engineering.

Kusiyana nenyaya, raakanga kunoramba tweaked uye dzakachinja, wechipiri Difference Engine pashure pokupedza kwokutanga pakukura danho unaltered. Mune ramangwana, iyo muvambi haana kuedza kuvaka mudziyo.

24 mufananidzo vakasara zvakachengetedzwa of Museum Science, kusvikira Charles Babbage pfungwa dzakanga rakatangwa muna 1985-1991, nokuumba renguva saizi yakatofanana pachiitiko ari 200th hwagadzwa ake. Dimensions mudziyo wakaita 3,4 mamita pakureba, 2.1 M kureba uye 46 masendimita zvakadzama, uye ayo uremu - matani 2,6. Kururama nemiganhu vakanga achingopiwa tsika kuti zvinogona kuitwa panguva iyoyo.

kubudirira

Muna 1824, Babbage yakahwina menduru yegoridhe pamusoro Royal Astronomical Society "nokuda michina yake muchini pakuverenga akarongeka uye muchadenga pamatafura".

Kubva 1828 kusvika 1839 Babbage aiva Lucasian purofesa wemasvomhu paCambridge. Iye zvakanyorwa wandei periodicals kwesayenzi, uye akanga paku pakusikwa Astronomical Society muna 1820 uye Statistical Society muna 1834.

Muna 1837, kuteerera 8 mukuru Bridgewater bhuku "On simba, uchenjeri uye kunaka Mwari wakaratidzwa Creation", akabudisa repfumbamwe Bridgewater yekutanga kuisa mberi yokuti Mwari, ane omnipotence uye kufanoona zvaiva mberi, akasika muparamende naMwari, ichibereka mitemo ( kana zvirongwa) iyo zvino panguva yakakodzera nguva akasika marudzi, nokudaro kudiwa kuti zvishamiso nguva dzose zvinodiwa kuti pave dzinowanika. Bhuku rine zvikamu zvemashoko yemunyori kunyorerana John Herschel nezvenyaya.

Charlz Bebbidzh zvakare kubudirira kunooneka zvinoguma cryptography. Iye akadambura Cipher muchina; uyewo Cipher hwakaderera kuti yava kuzivikanwa sezvo Vigenère Cipher. Opening Babbage yaishandiswa nokuda British zvechiuto uye yakabudiswa makore mashomanana. Somugumisiro, kodzero kuvamumwe akapfuura Frederick Kasiski, vaiuya zvimwechete makore mashoma gare gare.

Muna 1838 Babbage tega puteochistitel, muviri simbi kuti wanamatira pamberi locomotive, kubvisa zvipingamupinyi panzira. Aidavirawo nhamba yezvidzidzo Guru Western Railway Isambard Brunel Kingdoma.

Iye kamwe chete vakaedza kupinda zvematongerwe kana muna 1832 akatora mugove sarudzo mutaundi Finsbury. Zvichitevera vhoti, Babbage akatora rokupedzisira nzvimbo.

Yemasvomhu uye muvambi, akafa October 18, 1871 aine makore 79.

Zvikamu konekwa urongwa makombiyuta zvakasikwa naye dziripo kushanyira Science Museum muLondon. Muna 1991 zvakanzi yakavakirwa Difference Engine pahwaro ayo zvirongwa yepakutanga, uye kushanda zvakakwana.