Hydrobromic acid. Nzira rokugadzirira, mumuviri makemikari zvivako

Hydrobromic asidhi (anonziwo rehydrogen bromide) - iri inorganic remubatanidzwa rehydrogen (H) pamwe bromine (Br). Iri Hauoneki gasi, iyo inowanikwa gobvu bvungapfunga iri nyoro mhepo.

Ndezvipi nzira yokuwana rehydrogen bromide

Nekuti mukuru mwero oxidizability bromovodoronoy acid, zvachinokonzera hazvigoni kuwanwa pachishandiswa kuramba sulfuric asidhi kune alkali simbi bromides. Zvinotevera kuita kunoitika:

2KBr (potassium bromide) + 2N2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = K2SO4 (potassium sulfate) + SO2 (sarufa oxide) + Br2 (bromine Morekuru) + 2H2O (mvura)

1. indasitiri pakuwana acids zvakadai hydrobromic, kuitwa maitiro umo constituent zvinhu sei. Somuenzaniso, tiri kufunga fuma kunogona kuwanikwa sezvinotevera:

H2 (rehydrogen Morekuru) + Br2 (bromine Morekuru) = 2HBr (hydrobromic acid)

Uku kuita noitika ari tembiricha rworwendo 200 kusvika 400.

2. Zvinogonekawo kuwana hydrobromic asidhi ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai uye nenzira dzakawanda.

- ne hydrolysis pentabromide kana phosphorus tribromide:

PBr3 (tribromide) + 3H2O (matatu mvura mamorekuru) = H3PO3 (phosphoric acid) + 3HBr (hydrobromic acid, makemikari fomura)
PBr5 (pentabromide) + 4H2O (zvina mvura mamorekuru) = H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) + 5HBr (rehydrogen bromide)

- ne rutapudzo pamusoro bromine:

3Br2 (mamorekuru matatu bromine) + S (sarufa) + 4H2O (mvura) = (kuita zvichiita ari kudziya 100-150 madhigirii) H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 6HBr (rehydrogen bromide)
3Br2 (mamorekuru matatu bromine) + KNO2 (potassium nitrite) + 4H2O (mvura) = KNO3 (potassium nitrate) + 2HBr (rehydrogen bromide)

- displacing zvinoreva pamwe sanganisa asidhi kubva alkali simbi bromides:

KBr (potassium bromide) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = KHSO4 (potassium hydrogensulfate) + HBr (akasunungura sezvo gasi)

3. Sezvo Kubudirira rehydrogen bromide kunogona kuwanikwa mune kwetunhu Organic yeimwe bromoproizvodnyh.

The ehupfumi zvokunyama rehydrogen bromide:

1. hydrobromic asidhi - gasi pasina ruvara kuva risingafadzi uye kunzwa munhuwi. Zvakasimba anosvuta mabhokisi mudenga. It ane mukuru nemishonga kuti tembiricha.

2. Zvakanaka zvazvichanyungudutswa H2O (mvura), uye panyaya iyi kuumba electrolyte. The aqueous HBr mhinduro inoita imwe azeotrope kuti mamota panguva tembiricha kuti 124 inegumi. Mune imwe fő mvura urwa anenge hafu ity rehydrogen bromide (pa 0 madhigirii).

3. Chiito kutonhora ane aqueous mhinduro rehydrogen bromide crystalline hydrates anogona kugadzirira sezvinotevera: HBr * H2O, HBr * 2H2O, HBr * 4H2O.

4. Zvakachena bromide marudzi crystals ari orthorhombic sekristaro hurongwa, nzvimbo boka F mmm.

5. Pane tembiricha kuti -66,8 madhigirii inova emura, uye panguva - 87 madhigirii solidifies.

Chemical ehupfumi rehydrogen bromide:

1. hydrobromic asidhi siyana kuita nemvura simba asidhi iri monobasic. Uku kuita sezvinotevera:

HBr + H2O (mvura) = Br- (bromine anion) + H3O + (hydronium Ion)

2. Izvi zvinhu Zvisinei husingakwanisi yakakwirira tembiricha, pa 1000 madhigirii anenge 0.5% vose mamorekuru yaora:

2HBr (hydrobromic acid) = H2 (rehydrogen Morekuru) + Br2 (bromine Morekuru)

3. Kukurukurwa kuonana makemikari mukomboni ikasakendenga siyana nesimbi uyewo nezvigadziko zvadzo uye oxides. Mienzaniso siyana:

2HBr + MG (magnesium) = MgBr2 (magnesium bromide) + H2 (akasunungura sezvo gasi)
2HBr + Cao (karusiyamu oxide) = CaBr2 (karusiyamu bromide) + H2O (mvura)
HBr + NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = NaBr (sodium bromide) + H2O (mvura)

4. bromide racho achidzikisa zvaanoda. Zvinonzi oxidized mumhepo zvishoma nezvishoma. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ayo aqueous zvingaitwa pashure pechinguva kupendwa mu shava. The Zvakaitwa achava vakadaro:

4HBr (hydrobromic acid) + O2 (okisijeni Morekuru) = 2Br2 (bromine Morekuru) + 2H2O (mvura)

kunyoresa

Bromide chinoshandiswa kuumba (kwetunhu) zvakasiyana-siyana makemikari bromine nomukaka uye achigadzirira siyana simbi bromides. Zvikuru kukosha isirivha bromide yave kushandiswa pakugadzira firimu Photographic zvinhu.

Sei kutakura

The sepombi 68, kana capacitance kuti 6.8 litres pasi kumanikidzwa 24 atmospheres.