How kuona ukuru oxidation

All makemikoro ine mamorekuru, izvo zviduku zvacho. Ndivo electrically enyika uye vari maatomu, izvo kwakabatana nokuda covalent zvisungo. Kukwanisa kwemaatomu kwemakemikari zvinhu zviri mamorekuru yokuumba imwe nhamba Links anonzi Valencia. Maererano chidzoke uye kukura dzidziso kwemakemikari zvisungo pfungwa iyi inini kuchinja uye ikozvino haana dudziro yakajeka dzesayenzi, kunyanya kushandiswa pakudzidzisa zvinangwa uye rinowanzoshandiswa anozivikanwa chete mwero oxidation. Kana Morekuru - iduku PARTICIPLE zvinhu, atomu iduku indivisible PARTICIPLE namakemikari maatomu akafanana. Atomu zvakare electrically kwazvakarerekera PARTICIPLE waro pakati ane chinoumba ina chokwadi mhosva protons, uye rakapoteredzwa pane gore maerekitironi (nhingi mhosva). Naizvozvo kunoitika vakadengezera zvakanaka mutariri musimboti kunaka mutariri maerekitironi. Kuti tinzwisise sei kuona ukuru oxidation, uye chii zvakafanira kufunga maumbirwo mamorekuru nezvevamwe zvinhu.

In morekuru rehydrogen chloride (HCl) pakati sehydrogen kuiisa chlorine, pane imwe nevakawanda vachipiwa maerekitironi. A rehydrogen atomu ane Purotoni mumwe Erekitironi. kuiisa chlorine atomu ane 17 protons uye maerekitironi 17, mumwe maerekitironi nomwe kuruvazhe goko Erekitironi arambe achirema vabatana neboka Erekitironi pakati hydrogen atomu yokuumba napo imwe Erekitironi peya: H: Cl. The H2S akaumba Morekuru sarufa atomu 2 yakagovana peya maerekitironi pamwe rehydrogen maatomu: H: S: H. sei kuona ukuru oxidation ari chinhu, somuenzaniso, kuiisa chlorine uye HCl ari morekuru sehydrogen rehydrogen nesarufa Morekuru H2S? Valency anopa pfungwa huwandu yakaumbwa muna Morekuru zvisungo kana Erekitironi mbiri, asi haaratidzi mu misha yavo.

Zvinofungirwa kuti maerekitironi kwemaatomu mune morekuru ikashandiswa ari Erekitironi maviri ayo zvava kupfuura elekrootritsatelnomu atomu. Rehydrogen uye kuiisa chlorine muna HCl anogona kutanga kukurukurirana, izvo zvava imwe kuiisa chlorine zvachiri kupfuura electronegative. Saka, ukuru oxidation yakaenzana rehydrogen ndinoiitawo 1, apo kuiisa chlorine - kubvisa 1. Mumwe rehydrogen atomu ari Morekuru H2S hwozouya kukurukura imwe sarufa atomu, izvo zvinozoita ane zvisungo maviri. Vose Erekitironi maviri iyi nyaya zvava kuva sarufa atomu. Naizvozvo, ukuru oxidation rehydrogen ndinoiitawo vakaenzana 1, uye nesarufa atomu - kubvisa 2. Sei kuziva mwero oxidation mumiriri, semuenzaniso, HCl, H2S, O2, N2, Na, AG, Si? The oxidation nyore kana kunzwisisa fuma iri nguva dzose 0, sezvo nefuma anoumbwa mamorekuru kana maatomu uye ivo electrically kwazvakarerekera. Unobva ichi, kuwana ukuru oxidation zviri chinhu ari Morekuru.

In muenzaniso hypochlorous asidhi anogona kufunga sei kuona ukuru oxidation nokuda Cl atomu. In HClO Morekuru, sapamazuva morekuru vamwe chero fuma, rehydrogen anogara (kunze hydrides) hwokuratidza oxidation ndinoiitawo 1, uye okisijeni iri nguva dzose - oxidation kubvisa 2 (kunze barium peroxide uye yakachena fluoride). Nokuti Morekuru haana muripo pacharo, tinogona kunyora mukana wokuti vanhu vanga (1) + + X (- 2) = 0. mukana wokuti vanhu vanga Izvi zvinofanira kugadziriswa: x = 0 - (1) - (-2) = (+1) saka, zvinoitika kuti ukuru oxidation pamusoro Cl paminiti morekuru hypochlorous iine acid ndinoiitawo vakaenzana 1. muenzaniso uyu unoratidza sei kuona ukuru oxidation chero zvikuru chinhu morekuru. Chokutanga, known tsika akaronga zvinhu valency kana zvisingakwanisi kuchinja mwero oxidation.

Saka, oxidation anonzi Zvimiso ukoshi (akanopa vatariri atomu iri Morekuru) rakashandiswa kurekodha equations chinja chokuita oxidation kana zvinoderedza-siyana zvinhu. ukoshi Izvi zvinotipa uwandu yegwara maerekitironi, izvo zvakachinja zvachose akananga electronegative mamorekuru kwemakemikari zvinhu. The oxidation wakanyorwa pamusoro chiratidzo atomu. kupinda Izvi zvinoratidza sei kuona ukuru oxidation imwe chinhu morekuru chero fuma. Somuenzaniso, nhoroondo (Na + 1Cl-1) rinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti munyu Morekuru yavaibvisa oxidation dhigirii ndinoiitawo 1, kubvisa 1, uye kuiisa chlorine saka: (+1) + (-1) = 0. Munguva morekuru potassium permanganate (K + 1Mn + 7O-24) pamwe 1 potassium kuti manganese ndinoiitawo 7, yakachena kubvisa 2, ndiko: (+1) + (+7) + 2 • (-2) = 0. The morekuru nitric asidhi (H + 1N + 5O-23) pamwe 1 nekuda rehydrogen, nokuti senitrogen ndinoiitawo 5 nokuti okisijeni kubvisa 2, uye rose morekuru electrically zvematongerwo: (+1) + (+5) + 3 • (-2) = 0. ari morekuru pamusoro nitrous asidhi (H + 1N + 3O-22) pamwe 1 nokuda rehydrogen, nokuti senitrogen ndinoiitawo 3 okisijeni kubvisa 2, sezvo nokubatira morekuru akaenzana razero, ipapo: (1) + (3) + 2 • (-2) = 0. Somuenzaniso, senitrogen unogona kuonekwa kuti atomu ichi angava akasiyana zvinhu dzakasiyana oxidation in ndinoiitawo kana kubvisa 3 kusvika 5 (pamwe penguva chimwe chikwata).