Gothic akasimuka mapurani

Rose Window dzinowanzoratidzwa ishoko rinoshandiswa kurondedzera ane mapurani chinoshamisa akadai kumativi hwindo. Kakawanda, zviri yakashongedzwa Stained negirazi. Shoko rokuti "Gothic Rose" zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa sezvo kunyanya nevakawanda nzira iyi yaiva nguva Gothic mapurani.

tsananguro pfupi

Nokuti nguva yokutanga mutsara wokuti "akamuka-hwindo" akazviratidza XVII remakore uye akanga chokuita Gothic kumativi hwindo rinowanzoshandiswa kuwanikwa pamusoro pamadziro ose Gothic uye machechi Romanesque. zita iri nzira iri mapurani kwakakonzerwa zvakafanana. "multileaf" zvakafanana, ichibata uye yakasvibiswa magirazi pamwe chete Chirungu akamuka, pasi iyo, kunyanya panguva zvakaburitswa dzomusango ndokumuka ruva.

Rose Gothic akitekicha kunonyanya chakanangana Gothic manyorerwo, asi hakungoitwi kwavari. Mahwindo Round akanga aona pakuvaka temberi, machechi uye nedzimwe nhengo kubva kare, kuburikidza Middle Ages uye kunyanya panguva Gothic Revival. Ndokusaka guru hwindo kumativi chimiro inowanikwa munyika yose mune siyana zvivakwa, mazera uye zvekunyanyisa.

mavambo

Nemidzi gothic, vakamuka kudzokera Roman Oculus - hombe dzeraundi buri, rakagadzirirwa kuti mune kwete chiedza chete, asiwo mhepo mumba. Yakakurumbira Oculus iri muna Roman Pantheon, panguva chaiyo pamusoro rising. Pakutanga kwechiKristu uye Byzantine mavakirwo akapoteredza Oculus akashandisa kana pamusoro rising, kana mune yakaderera Gables. nebwe kumativi hwindo puranga rakaonekwawo kare, asi zvisingawanzoitiki dzakasiyana achiripo kusvikira nguva yedu. Panyaya geometric mufananidzo Roses, akanga chaizvo munguva yeRoma waMosesi.

Styles uye mhando

Hwindo-Rose ari emarudzi akawanda, pakati idzo ina zvihombe:

• Oculus - kupfuura nyore kumativi hwindo pasina tichisunga nhamba. MUENZANISO Roman Pantheon.
• Simple Rose - denderedzwa pakati, idzo dziri pamusoro micheto kwedenga iri muchimiro petals. Muenzaniso: "Ziso Rector" iri Lincoln Cathedral.

• Wheel - kumativi hwindo pamwe zvakafanana, ichibata spokes. Catherine anonziwo ruva vachikudza St. Catherine, uyo akatambudzwa pamusoro vhiri. Muenzaniso: Cathedral of Lucera, Italy.
• Gothic akamuka - kumativi hwindo ane kunzwisisa design, kazhinji yakashongedzwa Stained negirazi. In nechitarisiko chakafanana renguva nomukondombera rozi. Muenzaniso: Notre Dame de Paris.

Chokwadi, nokufamba kwenguva, uye dzimwe mhando Gothic Roses Somuenzaniso, denderedzwa uye mahwindo Baroque elliptical, asi zvataurwa pamusoro apa marudzi vari inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa.

hwindo saizi

Pakutanga, mahwindo akanga diki uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakatamira vachibva Romanesque kusvika Gothic. Nokufamba kwenguva, Gothic akamuka akatanga kugara zvakawanda nzvimbo pamusoro pamadziro zvezvivako, muchipa kudekara yebwe zvivako. Pashure pokupedza Notre Dame Cathedral , mahwindo izvi zvava zvinenge chinhu chinokosha mapurani manyorerwo, sezvinongoitwa sezvo zvikamu, mahwindo yokufeva uye zvinobhururuka buttresses. Zvisinei, kuenzaniswa pakuzadzisa ichi mhando ruva nemahwindo yakakurumbira Notre Dame Cathedral - kwete guru chidzitiro yakadaro, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa pamadziro ose Chartres kana St. Denis.

Nhoroondo uye pave Gothic Rose

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kwakabva ruva-mahwindo zvikuru midzi kare, ano chimiro chayo uye kukurumbira yava mamwe kuvonga Gothic mapurani, saka zvine musoro kuti kutevera kukura chimiro ichi kubva nguva mangwanani Gothic kuti panguva.

• Early gothic dzinoratidzwa husina chimiro ruva, kunyanya kushandiswa vhiri marongerwo uye yakajeka geometric zvitarisiko: madenderedzwa, zvokuridza uye dzinoungana. Style uku kwaisava yakakurumbira panguva Gothic Revival, zvichida nokuti ayo nyore uye kushanda.
• High Gothic Style kunoratidzwa inyanzvi yokutarisira chakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakawanda nembiru nekupatsanurana, pamwe zvitarisiko kunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa Stained magirazi nziyo. Uyezve, akatanga kuwedzera uye ukuru Roses, vava pauri yose chematenga ari transverse petemberi.
• Flamboyant Gothic kunoratidzwa florid mapatani chakatodzana nemheni, saka zita. Izvi zviri kuitika pachena mumatauriro rwakapoteredza mahwindo manyorerwo inotungamirwa nguva. Mapatani chakatodzana twine mapazi mizambiringa uye rounding Latin S, shongedza Gothic yakasvibiswa. Rosa zvimwe anosiyana nezvishoma zvitarisiko dzavo uye hukuru.
• Renaissance vaisiyana Chido zuzai "grayness" kubva murima vemazera, saka anenge ose Gothic zvinhu havachisiri achishingaira kushandiswa, yatsiviwa Classics. Zvisinei, Rose akawana kuenderera muchimiro nyore Oculus, nguva nenguva akashongedza pamadziro ezvivako uye domes of Renaissance kumwedzi.
• Baroque asingashumbi kushandura chimiro ruva, achirapa mahwindo denderedzwa ane nyore zvakananga design, kazhinji zvachose pasina Stained rinoonekera.

In mapurani ano, kupfuura inowanzoshandiswa nyore uye nyore werudzii Oculus. With Kusara Gothic Revival, munguva Art Nouveau Gothic Rose akazova mapurani muumbozha uye husiri nyore kuwana.

Chirevo

Munguva yacho mufananidzo Gothic yakasvibiswa magirazi Roses vanowanzobatwa zuva rokutongwa. Gothic Rose ukaiswa muimba yokufeva pamusoro kumavirira nomukova tembere, izvo zvinogona kushanda chikonzero pakusarudza wenyaya, nokuti rusvingo yokumadokero kazhinji kuna dingindira Kwekupedzisira.

Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko Roses akatanga kuonekwa ari mberi nokudzoka shure, apo pane mumwe wavo rwakanga rwakazvitsaurira kuna neMhandara Maria. Communication Gothic akamuka chiratidzo Amai Kristu chinotsigirwa yokuti Mariya unowanzonzi "Rachel Rose" uye zvikanzi hunhu wake - dzomusango ndokumuka ruva. Zvisinei, zviratidzo zvakadaro akazviratidza refu bhokisi asati asvika kunzi ruva.