GAZ-63 - rori Soviet. History, description, nokurondedzerwa,

GAZ anozivikanwa mumarori ayo. Ndisina sokuti undovakira-nemavhiri GAZ-51 akava ngano pamusoro wechipfuwo motokari indasitiri. Four-nemavhiri GAZ-63 raisafanira vakasara ndangariro chete mafeni, asi kare havatauri pfungwa dzake.

Nhoroondo pakusika

The nomukurumbira rori GAZ-AA rori raiva chete mumakore gumi adarika pamberi Hondo Yenyika II. Zvinonzi nderechinyakare uye mutsika uye magadzirirwo, achitsive kutsiviwa. Army vaida rori nemavhiri ose-mamiriro enzvimbo.

Mukutanga 1938, panguva Gorky Automobile Plant navo. Molotov atanga basa iri kusikwa munhevedzano mumarori aiendeswa akaoma mugwagwa ezvinhu. Zviviri uye-ekisero matatu zvose-nemavhiri rori chassis akasiyana kunyanya nezvigadziko pakureba.

Yokutanga mudzimba mana nemavhiri motokari GAZ-63 akatanga nhoroondo yaro muna April 1938. Kwapera gore, mukuru prototypes okutanga akavaka, iyo yaimbonzi aizivikanwa GAZ-62. Ivo makasimbisa modernized injini kubva rori GAZ-MM inokwana 50 litres. a. Cab pamotokari rori aishandiswa GAZ-415, imwe chassis yakatanga zvakananga womuenzaniso ichi.

Design zvinhu

Development rutsva kabhini magadzirirwo haisi kuroorana. Huru basa raiva kusika chinhu zvose-Nzvimbo motokari, saka kusimbisa mbidzwa chassis.

A vangasimudzira yakasiyana urongwa - injini yaiva pamusoro pamberi ekisero - akwanise pamwe kudzikira chawo urefu kuwedzera kugona.

vhiri First kuroora yakaiswa pamwe chete kumberi uye shure njanji, vakanga kutungamirira, chinotsva upfumi kuti kumberi-nemavhiri zvinogona chirema. Gable shure mavhiri kuti jecha uye madhaka anomanikidzwa richikura zvisaririra kunotungamirira zvakanyanya simba rakawanda. Kutamisirwa nyaya wakaiswa kuti urefu hwindimiri miseve uye kuti mberi uye kuti neshure ekisero yakanga yakafanana. Muyanzvi kuturika kwemavhiri zvose riri Semi-rakaita denderedzwa chairo mashizha matsime mberi achiri akanga kaviri kuita hydraulic kuvhunduka absorbers. Hydraulic akava hendibhureki actuator.

Mukutanga 1943, motokari yakachinja nzvimbo yemutekenyi uye injini. Tiine kabhini kubva "Studebaker", iye kusvikira pamugumo Zvipire-Lease.

It zve kugadzirwa motokari iyi muna 1948 aine kabhini pamusoro GAZ-51. Encombrements GAZ-63 kutsva musimboti Kwairatidza 5525 × 2200 × 2245 mm.

Military midziyo iri mujinga muchina

Muna October 1943 pagungano Gorky Automobile Plant akatanga kukudziridza mavhiri kuzvidzora propelled pfuti ine kanoni caliber 76 mm. By May 1944, kopi yokutanga yakabudiswa. On mativi ose pfuti akanga cheya pamusoro mutyairi uye mutungamiri-murwi. Zvombo kwaisanganisira mashanu nemasere anoshongwa. pakapera Hondo Yenyika II Ndakarwa motokari iyi.

In kufanana kukura muenzaniso murori hwayo motokari chiedza maviri-ekisero warrior yakazokudziridzwa muna 1947 aine monocoque muviri, anozivikanwa somunhu BTR-40. APC yakagadzirwa paratroopers masere. Wheelbase yakaderera nezvikamu 600 neMM, injini simba vamutsirwe 81 litres. c., vakawedzera rokumusoro panogumira kutenderera kakawanda uye achibayira mukurumari iyoyo chaiyo uto midziyo kwete basa.

Rakanga aine pfuti BTR Goryunova hurongwa, zvombo iro raiva 1,260 dzinenge zvombo. The pfuti aigona kuiswa panhivi rimwe mumabhuraketi mana. Panguva mumabhuraketi zvinogona kuiswa pfuti DP, vaiva paratroopers nezvombo. Nadzurudzo of BTR-40a akanga yakanyatsoiswa pamwe mapatya inorema zvigwagwagwa KVPT. Muna 1993, imwe warrior vashandi keriya wakasuduruka basa.

On the chassis GAZ-63 yakanga yabudisa muna 1950 uye hondo muchina chitundumuseremusere atirari BM-14 "Katyusha".

vakawanda kugadzira

Kubva matsutso 1948 vakatanga vakawanda kweShanduro GAZ-63. Zvinoitwa nevanhu panguva yakanga vakabudirira yasimbiswa ehurumende nemiedzo, panguva iyo akunde rinobuda kusvika 30 °, ndima dziri kusvika 0,9 M uye inoerera kusvika 0,76 mamita kudzika. Kunwa of yakachipa pashiri peturu A-66 ranged kubva 25 kusvika 29 litres muzana 100 km, mutoro uri Freeway - 2.0 m, mumugwagwa tsvina - 1.5 m.

A chikuru ainge motokari iyi yave volatility pamatunhu-nokukurumidza cornering. Clearance aiva 270 mm ane nhete njanji, izvozvo anowedzera permeability mumotokari, asi kunoguma nokuwedzera pakukwirira uye rollover cornering uye mujinga. Izvi zvaiva zvechokwadi kunyanya panguva mukuru kuna GAZ-63, zvakadai nemagudzu kana matangi.

Muzhizha 1968 zvakanga akasunungurwa vokupedzisira firimu motokari. Nokuti nguva dzose 474 zviuru. Cars okunatsiridza siyana dzakabudiswa. Vakanga aivigirwa kuti mugovanisi nyika, Finland, kuMiddle East, Asia uye Africa.

kunze kwenyika

The GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia uye Yugoslavia muna Eastern Europe, Vietnam, North Korea, Laos uye Mongolia muAsia, Cuba, African nyika - hurumende, iyo inopa gasi-63. Price aina mota raiva pasi. Equipment akapa mukati pamapatya rubatsiro noushamwari nyika.

Kunze vakanga akapa kwete chete inokosha womuenzaniso mana nemavhiri rori GAZ-63 uye 63A, 63P asiwo kwayo nadzurudzo mu aina uye dzinopisa neshanduro, motokari kudzivirirwa midziyo 63E, mabhazi pamusoro chassis ichi nezvimwe yokutevedzera.

Mukuwedzera, muna North Korea kubva 1961 pasi zvizivikanwe zita Sungri-61 Sungri-61NA uye China kubva 1965 pasi zvizivikanwe Yuejin NJ230 uye NJ230A kwakaitwa Soviet rezinesi motokari nokuda muchina uyu.

Kurwa muNorth Korea Soviet mauto rori nemavhiri chakava chaiye kurwa muchina uye ndakawana kuzivikanwa nemauto.

uto motokari

Vasati 1950, motokari kabhini yakaitwa namatanda, ipapo simbi uye emapuranga nemikova, uye kubva muna 1956 - ane zvose-metal. Zvakanga wakatetepa uye kuchitonhora, hita magadzirirwo chete akazviratidza muna 1952, pasinei nokuti pre-kutanga progrevateli kuiswa mune motokari pamwe pakutanga kugadzirwa.

Magetsi kuchikuva dzakakwirira latticed mapuranga inoshandisa dzidziso longitudinal kumativi vakapakata nemabhenji kutakura murwi. Tailgate aiva munyoro. Yakavhariridzwa kubva ekunze musasa kuti ruoko pamusoro arcs mana akatasva chaihwo zvigaro. Motokari kureba tende raiva 2810 mm.

It runogonesa kuti functionality mumotokari uye kuti aigona sorwonzi Trailers akatakura inokwana matani maviri.

Army offroad rori GAZ-63 akashandiswa kutakura vashandi, vachikweva zvokushandisa, kuti kuisa yetsiva dzakabatana.

okunatsiridza SUV

okunatsiridza Major kure-munzira rori paiva vaviri chete.

In kufanana zvitsigiro womuenzaniso ikabereka pamwe nadzurudzo munhu winch pamberi kuguma elongated puranga GAZ 63A kuti kuzvidzora-care nezvimwe motokari dziri akaoma mugwagwa ezvinhu. The winch netambo kureba 65 M actuates ari hwindimiri nomubato Via ine simba kutora-kure nokupfuuridzirwa uye achidzinga simba yakatanga kusvika 4,5 m. Ekuderedza kurema motokari makirogiramu 240 kupfuura inokosha womuenzaniso.

Muna 1958, rori GAZ-63P, akasunungurwa kubva vhiri slippage kushanda uniaxial semitrailer kutakura matani anosvika mana. Rwemberi mavhiri ari tarakita zvave mukoko. Uye gore rakatevera, chirimwa akatanga kubudisa rori tarakita GAZ-63D. In nepurani yake, kusiyana yapfuura okunatsiridza vaisanganisira PTO gearbox uye zvokuimba goho nokuda paakadzinga tipper mashandiro semitrailer magadzirirwo.

Special motokari inobva SUV

Mafuta marori, marori mafuta, mukaka dzehondo, nemagudzu, mobile mumagaraji wezvokurapa tsvimbo uye varairidzi, disinfection kugadzwa, kubva sikuruwa-rotor michina kuenda pahwaro GAZ-63. Slam motokari dzezvokukurukurirana uye chiedza, tangi akasunungura okunatsiridza akawanda Vargashinsky chirimwa moto-kurwa michina. Staff bhegi uye moto motokari zvakabudiswa panguva Moscow chirimwa moto injini.

Nokuti muchiuto, kuwedzera kune zvinokosha yokutevedzera, zvokurapa tsvimbo uye varairidzi, kudzivirirwa noushamwari uye zvakasimba kubatana Michini anobudiswa disinfection uye mvura DDA-53A nokuda sanitization mumunda yevashandi, disinfection uye disinfestation nenguvo uye michina. Installation hwemvura bhaira yaipiwa mura mafuta kana huni, sezvamakaropafadzwa uchishandisa kufurirwa yakanga yakapoteredza mana, bhaira-accumulator, ruoko pombi, paroelevatorom, kudzorwa midziyo, vaviri akazaruka disinfection makamuri uye inonaya vane gumi yokugezera sefa.

rwokugadzira unhu

Sezvo chirimwa iri rinenge panguva akasika uto rori rehurumende GAZ-51, ruzhinji vezvikwata uye mashoko akanga dzibatane, izvo akabvumira pamusoro nguva kuunganidza michina izvi pamusoro chete gungano mutsetse, nokudaro kuderedza mari uye nyore gungano oparesheni.

Engine hondo SUV yakaiswa pamwe Gas-51-nhanhatu Carburetor nizhneklapannym Vhoriyamu 3.5 zviuru. Cú. cm. A duku simba nerubatsiro 70 l. a. uye nokukurumidza 65 km / h ndanyarara hangu kuchengeterwa yakazara mutoro pasina refueling 780? km.

Two mafuta matangi, chikuru uye pazasi, vakapiwa kuwanda huni iri kusvika 200 litres kuti peturu. GAZ-63 (Diesel) akazviratidza embodiments siyana uye rakanatswa kugadzirwa nemhizha kusvikira ikozvino.

Hutachiwana mana-motokari iyi batira - kuroorwa-dhisiki, akaoma, ari kuchinjwa nyaya - maviri yomuropa uye mahwanda, iyo vakapakata kwete rutapudzo, asiwo zvakananga hutachiwana kuderedza mafuta kudyiwa musi mikuru.

GAZ-63 aiva akaomarara, undemanding uye nyore kushandisa, yava yakakwirira maneuverability, nemhaka maitiro aya rakanyorwa kwemakore anenge maviri. Inogona kuonekwa zvino, kwete chete pakati mafeni - pamwe kuchengetedza mu makwikwi, asiwo mumigwagwa. mutengo wayo fluctuates pamusoro motokari 60 kusvika 450 zviuru, zvichienderana ezvinhu uye kuvapo chizvarwa zvikamu uye nemagungano.