Euro nzvimbo: nhoroondo yokusika

New kugarwa mari - euro - yakatanga akatanga muna 1999. Nechekare kubva 01.01.2002 uyu munyoro yakabudiswa mari riparadzirwe ari muchimiro nhengo mari uye Banknotes. Kusvika panguva kweeuro nzvimbo zvinosanganisira nyika dzakadai Austria uye Belgium, Germany uye Greece, Ireland uye Spain, Italy uye Cyprus, Luxembourg uye cheMarita, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia uye Slovenia, France, Finland uye Estonia. On mundima 17 inoti ine makopi chete mari.

Kukosha kweeuro

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha EU iri kuumba imwe ezvoupfumi nzvimbo, rinogona kupa vamwe mari pakati kwayo nhengo inoti. Kuti vawane chinangwa ichi, euro rokufambira zvakasikwa.

Kuda kusangana

Currency Euro mapazi aiva chikuru chirongwa remakore rechi20. Panguva iyo Implementation ari pamuviri, pasina mubvunzo, yave enyika uye zvoupfumi munyika yose zvinoratidzei achiva mumwe yakaomesesa nzendo kusangana kwacho Western Europe.

musika Single zvemukati yaivapo EU kubvira muna 1993. Zvisinei, huchishanda vasingagoni kubudirira. Chokwadi chokuti dzeEU vakamborara nguva yavo norudzi mari gadziriro, akasiyana mumwe zvazvingava nokufamba, mitero uye mutengo mumatunhu. In izvi zvakakwana mune zvoupfumi kusangana asingadi kuenda kunyange kutaura. Kubvisa zvose nezvipingamupinyi izvi uye euro rokufambira zvakasikwa. The upfumi yose zvayo nhengo nyika panguva iyoyo yava zvikuru zvisingabatsiri nokuda vakasununguka kufamba mabasa, nenhumbi, guta guru uye, chokwadi, basa.

United fiscal kurangwa kwazova mberi mirayiridzo uye panguva macroeconomic chechetere. DzeEU yakaungana akaiti dzavo misika mari pasi pesimba uye pokudzora supranational masangano rezvemari. Izvi zvakaita zvakawanda yakavimbika kubata inflationary nematambudziko, yakaderera kubhadhara uye mubereko prices. Izvi zvakaita kuti kukura nebasa uye kugadzirwa, uye akavawo hwaro kutsiga paruzhinji mari.

Basa kweeuro mapazi uye nokuda nemabhizimisi zvose. Pashure pezvose, chete mari uye mari mutemo, huripo pamusoro munharaunda EMU zvinoreva kuti makambani achidzikisa zvemari uye chinokosha mutengo ngozi, uyewo nokukosha basa mari. Nokuuya kweeuro kuti nyika yose iri mari pamwe yave ichiitwa imwe mari murau. Izvi zvakaita kuti vasanyanye kwakakura nezvinodiwa kushanda guru.

History Association of European mari gadziriro

Muduku pfungwa imwe Euro? Kwete napaduku. Kuedza kubatanidza akarirasa mugadziriro kunyika dzakasiyana ndeyemunguva nguva apo mari yokutanga akazviratidza. Saka, mari kwakarambidzwa akapedzisa pakati rekare rechiGiriki guta-inotaura. Mari wakabudiswa pachena akafamba munyika.

Kudeuka kuedza kuumba zvakafanana mari hurongwa ndiro sangano wezvokutengeserana uye pamwe enyika mumaguta reBaltic. Muna 13-16 emakore fung. vakanga vari Hanseatic League. At siyana nguva zvinobatanidzwa munharaunda kubva 70 kusvika 170 vaanotonga.

Kuedza tibatane kupinda rimwe anoverengeka dzibvise gadziriro mberi mune ramangwana. Saka, muna 1st yezana remakore rechi19. It abudisa anoverengeka mabasa ari kusangana dzakasiyana dzibvise enyika ari gadziriro hunotovapo kana achangobva akasika nyika.

Mugore 2nd yezana remakore rechi19. chero Latin uye Air mari pamwe mu Europe. Panyika yavo mari vakatanga kutakura pamusoro wakasiyana zvachose hwaro.

The kumumvuri kweeuro mapazi tenda rechiLatin pamwe mari, yakatangwa December 1865 nenyika dzakadai France uye Italy, Belgium uye Switzerland. Pashure pehondo pamwe Napoleon dzibvise mugadziriro nyika idzi dzakanga dzakafanana. Makore matatu gare gare, muna Latin Union rakava zvakawanda uye Greece.

Background of European Union

Kusangana pezvakaitwa pakati inoti yekudyidzana wakakurumidza tifambirane pakuguma of Second World War. Zvaifadza zvidzidzo yake uye kunorira zvibvire kuti ndimutsidzire kunzwisisa yokudzivirirwa kukura urudzi mu Europe. Chimwe chinodiwa kuti kumhanyisa ari kusangana anga chido States kusimbisa upfumi nzvimbo yaro shaky. Kudzorera zvayo dzakawanda mukurumbira uye enyika zvinzvimbo pachako vakatsvaka zvikurukuru kuti akunda Germany. Mukuwedzera, kunyika Western Europe kwaizobatanidza kudzora yose zvinoitwa USSR.

Kwakatangira ari kusangana kwacho

Sei kubatanidzwa Europe yakatanga? Pokutangira pamusoro kusangana kwacho anoonekwa nokunzi French wokumwe mushumiri Robert Schuman. Mugwaro iri, rakabudiswa 09.05.1950, panguva unoda ane pakagadzwa neECSC (European Coal uye Steel). chibvumirano ichi wacho wakasainwa Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg uye Netherlands. The kusangana inokosha kwemauto ichi hwenyika dzakazonaka tarisiro nokuda pakuzadzisa mutoo mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Zvinotevera matanho dzakatangwa neEuropean Economic Community (25.03.1957 g), uye European Atomic Energy Community.

Documents yokudzora riparadzirwe chete mari

Muna 1962, kuti EU mutemo gwaro umo kekutanga akataura nezvokukosha pakusika rimwe European usapinde negwaro. Yaiva pfungwa "mari nyoka", yaiva pamwero Kuda kutamba prices munyika dzose, pent mukati zvimwe. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti dzika zano iri munguva yemberi iri pedyo. Chikonzero chaiva dambudziko remwoyo 1972, panguva iyo ikawanda kwazvo mutengo mafuta.

The kumumvuri kweeuro wakatangwa chete muna 1979. Panguva iyoyo chibvumirano chakanga yakasainwa pakati EU nechepakati mabhanga kushomeka miganhu mari nokufamba. Mune ramangwana, pfungwa kwezvisikwa kweeuro rokufambira muhurukuro Maastricht Treaty (1992) uye Single European Act (1986). In zvinyorwa izvi, Nheyo akatsunga panowanikwa imwe mari, papurogiramu parakatanga, uyewo mitemo rehurumende bhajeti nhengo achangobva akasika Union.

kugadzikana zvinodiwa

Sei mamiriro anogona kupinda euro mapazi? Kuti uyu magumo, inofanira kusangana zvinotevera nzira:

• siyana Gengi utsigo;
• vane pamwero mitengo;
• vane zvimwe zvemari hurongwa.

Nei kweeuro mapazi saka vachida panhengo dzayo? Zvaidiwa pamusoro nzira kubvumira chero nyika kwete chete kuti vabatsirwe imwe chete upfumi nzvimbo zvose asi zvikuru kuti auye kwaari mumwe yakawanda nomupiro zvakanaka. Chete iyi, euro mapazi anogona kuwana mwero kusimudzira hupfumi bhora. kuzviomesera zvose zvinodiwa izvi rakatsiga akanga enshrined muna Maastricht Treaty.

Kutanga chevanorwara zvemari

Ndiani anotarisira euro? basa iri rusununguko neEuropean Monetary Institute, iro riri kuFrankfurt am Main. Document pamusoro pakagadzwa sangano iri rakanga yakasainwa muna 1994. Panguva iyoyo, European Monetary Institute akaitirwa kutungamirira kusikwa kweeuro chirongwa uye kuongorora zvoupfumi pezvakaitwa kuitika EU.

Pamutemo, yezwi imwe mari, pakaziviswa kukwirira, yakaitirwa Madrid mukupera 1995. Ipapo Banknotes itsva uye akashatirwa kwayo zita - "Euro".

The pakuonekwa currency itsva

Countries ari kweeuro mapazi vakatanga kushandisa idzva mari chikwata 01.01.2002 On nhasi kurapwa vakanga wakasuduruka zveBelgium uye Franc French, wokuIreland pondo kuFinnish uye German chiratidzo, Spanish peseta uye Italian Lira, yeAustria schillingi, Portuguese escudos uye Dutch guilders.

Asi nyika idzi haangazodzingi dzakapfigirwa kweeuro nzvimbo. nyika dzokuEurope haana kuiswawo pakati yepakutanga list, inongogara kuvavarira kurera vaita dzemari. Saka, nokusanganawo zvakafanira nzira pamwe 2006 chete raiva Slovenia. Kubva iyi, zvinonzi akapindawo muna Euro mapazi. With 01.01 2008 akazviratidza pamazita vaSaipuresi cheMarita, uye kubvira 2009 - Slovakia.

Billing hurongwa

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuti ane euro mapazi - the Trans-European zvoga System. Kunoitawo zvose zvebhizimisi masangano kuti kubhadhara paIndaneti. basa ino kwakatangwa panguva imwe chete pakatanga kweeuro mari. Izvi zvichaita kuderedza nguva inodiwa kuti ndima vachibhadhara pakati masangano munyika dzakasiyana.

The kwoupfumi currency itsva

Yakagadzwa EU Euro mapazi akapa kwayo nhengo nyika yakawanda uremu mumusika nyika. Uye kuvonga ichi zvose ndechokuti mugove pamwe chete zvinhu zvinogadzirwa munyika yacho European Union, akaenzana chimwe muzvitatu zvenyika yose. Uye kuti makambani pamwe European Union, kuti chidzoke kweeuro zvaiita kunoshanda chete mari nharaunda, izvo akaderedza zvavo mari kuita mubhadharo kwema mune zvokutengeserana pabasa uye nenhumbi.

Currency itsva anobvumirwa kuumba chete yakakura musika, guta guru. Ndokusaka kweeuro kushoma pachena kuti inokanganisa pamusoro dhora Gengi nokufamba kupfuura nyika mari. Zvose izvi rashanduka chinodiwa kuti reorientation weInternational chokubuda guru.

matambudziko anhasi

Munguva eurozone, pane upfumi nomwe kusangana nematambudziko inokosha. Vanogona kuonekwa munyika dzakadai Ireland uye Greece, Spain nePortugal, Slovenia, Cyprus uye Italy. Zvose pamusoro inoti zvakawanda private uye paruzhinji zvikwereti.

Zvimwe pari rakatarira euro mapazi? Zvinetso zvemari nharaunda pamwe ane kusaenzana Mari Rwako, kurasikirwa uye kushaya makwikwi uye kudzikira. izvi zvose zvinoratidzwa kumuka kutengeserana dhefisiti.

The chikuru dambudziko eurozone kuri kuva kudzikira. Izvi zviri zvishoma nezvishoma kupararira kune Wekumusoro zvoupfumi dzakabudirira muEurope. Somuenzaniso, vava kuda kuderera ndiye France. A unopinza slowdown mune zvoupfumi kukura kunzwa panguva uye Germany.

Fan mapazi

Pasinei nematambudziko ezvoupfumi, pakati nyika dzokuEurope hakuiti kuserera zvemitambo kudyidzana. Munguva inoti iri kondinendi European, pane zvakawanda machisi pamusoro nhabvu uye Hockey. Nokuti zvivanakire mafeni pave anonzi feni wongoramba. Euro 2016, somuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzakadaro aigona kuona mazana venhabvu.

Uyezve, nokuti vakanga vari dzinoshandisa rokufambira, aishanda akasiyana-siyana okudhindira, misangano yaiitwa pamwe vakakurumbira siyana vakadzidziswa "nhabvu" mutauro uye zvichingodaro. D.