Emperor Vespasian: Biography uye ushe

Wekutanga muRoma haasi seneneri uye kwete mwanakomana we senator, kana muzukuru wake - Tito Flavius Vespasian, mambo weimba yemurimi, akatanga kutonga kubva kutanga kwaJuly, makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe, makore zviuru zviviri akapfuura. Ndiye iye akajekesa panzvimbo yepamusoro mitero yekushanyira dzimba dzevanhu, uye ipapo, nekunyangadza nenyuchi kuvadzidzisi vezvechizvarwa, akapa mutsara wakagara kune mazuva edu: "Kwete olet!" (Mari haina kunhuhwira!). " Vespasian mambo ainzi mukurumbira, hongu, kwete izvi chete. Ndiye ndiye akavaka dzimba dzeColosseum nedzimwe dzimba dzakawanda dzakakodzana. Asi vanoyeuka nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero chinhu chekutanga pamusoro pemutero uyu usina kunaka. Haasi iye oga akaiswa, nenzira. Kuwedzera kune dzimba, basa rechiuto uye ruramisiro raive pasi pemitero. Vespasian - mambo mukuru ane ushingi kwazvo, akapotsa akagumbura zvachose mari yeRoma inoronga.

Nzira

Ramangwana Roma mambo Vespasian akaberekwa munaNovember mugore rechipfumbamwe kubvira pakuberekwa kwaKristu muguta reRate, uko Sabins aigara, uye mhuri yake yose yakabva ikoko. MuSeneti akakwanisa kupinda pasi pekutonga kwaTiberius semutungamiriri akanaka: akazvisiyanisa nekukunda South Britain, achiraira Rhine legion. Muna 51 nhanho inotevera yakatorwa kusimba: Vespasian, mambo wekare mune ramangwana, anova consul. Makore matanhatu gare gare, akambozviratidza zvakare apo Nero akamuraira kuti adzivise kupesana kwechiJudha. Makore maviri gare gare, mauto ose kumativi ekumabvazuva akatanga kuzivisa: "Tito Flavius Vespasian - Emperor!". Kuwedzera kune kumabvazuva kweVespasian, mauto eDanube akabuda zvakare, ayo akabatsira zvikuru mukurwisana nemumwe munhu aipikisa - Vitellia. Senate haina chimwe chinhu, uye muna 69, akaziva Vespasian.

Ndeupi rudzi rweumambo hwakaenda kune mwanakomana wemurimi? Hondo dzenguva refu, kusanganisira hondo dzehurumende, dzakaparadza zvose zvinogona kuitwa munharaunda yose yenyika ino yakaropafadzwa. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kutsvaga mari yekudzorera kwayo. Nokudaro kwaiva nemitero yakasiyana-siyana, uye pakati pavo-iyo iyo yakabva yangova hurukuro yeguta racho. Tito Flavius Vespasian ndiye mambo, nguva dzose achifamba nezviitiko, uye kazhinji pamberi pezvikamu zvitanhatu. Kuumbwa kweSenate kwachinja. Nenguva yokutanga mumasangano ayo akaonekwa vamiriri vearistocracy vemasisita, kwete muRoma chete, asiwo kumadokero enyika, uye muItaly (yakanga isati yava nyika imwe chete - kune avo vanoverengeka vaizoita sevanoshamisa). Kumaguta eSpain, mambo weRoma Vespasian akapa kodzero dzevanhu zvakafanana nezvose zveLatin. Uye zvekuti ivo havana kupindira nebasa ravo, muna 1974 tsvina yakaipa yakabudisa kushorwa kwose kune vanhu veStoic vazivi uye mamwe maimbi.

Mabasa

Rongedza chete, umambo hukuru uye hubudirire kubudirira uku kwechokwadi kunenge kusingagoneki, uye mambo Flavius Vespasian akakwezva kutungamirirwa kwemwanakomana wake akachenjera uye akabudirira Titus. Yaiva Tito uyo akabudirira mukukunda Hondo yevaJudha mumakore makumi manomwe , uye vakaderedzawo Yilu Tsivilis kupandukira. Kumusana wemambo wake Flavius Vespasian aiva negodo. Nzira yezvemari yakaruramisa, nharaunda itsva dzakakura. Pakazosvika gore ra1974, zvose zvaaida zvakatungamirirwa kunotorwa kweminda yeDekumat (pane maonero apo Tacitus ainge asina kushandiswa nenzira isina kururama, kuti idzi dzaiva pasi pezvegumi, asi kwete, ndiyo yaiva kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo chaiyo), kureva, nzvimbo yakawanda yenyika iri panzvimbo yeGermany yemazuva ano, Panguva iyoyo ikozvino inotorwa nevaRoma.

Yaiva ipapo iyo hurumende yakapa dzimba dzisina rusununguko kune veterans veuto reRoma, pamwe chete nevanhu vanobva kuGaul avo vaizvicherechedza muhondo. Kusvikira ikozvino, miganhu yenzvimbo idzi yakatevedzwa, yakatarwa nemitambo yakareba yakareba uye madutu akaparadzanisa zvinhu izvi kubva, sezviri pachena, kwete vavakidzani vanofara vemaGermany vakasununguka. Pashure pemakore mazana matatu kana kupfuura, vaRoma vakaramba vakarasikirwa neminda. Uyewo akawedzera hutongi hweRoma kumaodzanyemba kweBrithani, iyo inoratidzawo kuti simba rakanga riri unhu hwaVespasian Emperori. Kutonga kwaro kunenge gore rimwe nerimwe kwakaratidzwa nehukuru uye hunobatsira munyika maitiro. Uye ndeipi nzira Vespasian akavaka muUmambo hweRoma! Chimiro che "kwenguva yakareba" pano hachina kukodzera. Migwagwa ichiri kushanda! Anotonga zvakanyanyisa, asi panguva imwechete zvakasimba. Rudzi rweFlavian rwakatanga zvakanaka: nheyo yaro yakava mutongi akakurumbira wemutungamiri wekutanga, kunze kweAgasto.

Vespasian, mambo

Bhuku shomanana raro harisi ruzivo, sezvo rusingagone chikamu chechiuru chezvinhu zvitsva zvinoshamisa uye zvigaro zvakaunza umambo hwaVespasian. Nezve simba guru rekufunga kwake rinotitaurira mufananidzo wakajeka, wakachengetwa muPergamon Museum. Pakutanga kwenyaya yacho pane mufananidzo - chivako chiri mumufananidzo. Mambo Vespasian anoonekwa kunyange ipapo muhukuru hwake hwose. A biography yaVespasian yakanga yakanyorwa zvakanyanya naSuetonius. Masereti (vateresi) muSeneate uye Imperial chigaro chechigaro - izvi chete zvinopa nyaya yeupenyu hweVespasian nyaya inofadza. Senatori akazovawo babamunini vemazuva emambo pamangwana amai nehanzvadzi yaVespasian Sabin. Pave nemakore makumi matatu, Vespasian akakwanisa kuva murongi, uye akabva atanga kufamba nokukurumidza: Mushumiri Claudius Narcissus aifarira bhizinesi rake acumen.

KuBrithani, mutungamiri weLegion akawana mukana wekukunda uye kamwechete mapoka evapristi. Muna 51 Vespasian akapiwa nhaurirano, kubva kumakumi matanhatu ndiye ari mutongi weAfrica. Kuwanda kwezvose, vaRoma vakarohwa nekuvimbika kwake: pakanga pasina mukana wekuti Vespasian pachake akazvigadzirisa, achishandisa nzvimbo yake yepamutemo. Asi aikwanisa! Paiva nemikana inoshamisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzimwe nguva hanzvadzi yake yakamuchengetedza kubva kubhadhara, achiisa nyika yake neimba. Vespasian akanga ari munharaunda yakapoteredza mambo Nero, paakazoita zvisina kukodzera panguva yekuenda kune imwe nyika kuAkaya panguva yokuimba kwemambo. Sezvaunoziva, nokuda kwekukanganisa kwakadai iwe unogona kurasikirwa noupenyu hwako. Asi gore rakatevera, Nero akauya uye akasarudza Vespasian segavhuna weJudhiya.

Intrigues

Uye muJudhiya pakanga pane hondo, sokudanwa kwaiitwa nevaJudha pachavo - VaRoma vokutanga. Vespasian akatungamirira uto rake rinotyisa kuti adzore kupesana uku uye kudarika gore rakapera, kuenderera kuRoma kwakadzorerwa kumativi ose enyika. Ikoko kwakasara kubvarura Jerusarema nenhare dzakawanda. Uye zvino nhau dzekuzviuraya kwaNero dzakasvika kuJudhiya. Clever Vespasian akamira kuparadza Jerusarema, apo nhau dzakasvika kuti chigaro cheRoma chakapiwa kunaGalba. Munguva yekutonga kwehondo, akakurukura zvakawanda nehurumende yeSyria Gaius Luciani Mutsian, uye nhaurirano yakanga isingawanzoshandi. VaMutsian vakatsamwira Nero nekuda kwekuti "nzvimbo yepamusoro" Vespasian yakagamuchira nzvimbo yakakwirira semubati weJudhiya. Zvisinei, Vespasian aiva murume ane tsitsi, uye mushure mekufa kwaNero, Mutsian akanganwa kunyadziswa uku nokukurumidza apo ivo vakabatana vachikurukura nezvematongerwe enyika.

Uye apo, kubvira 69 zvichienda mberi, kuuraya kweRoma kwakatanga (kutanga Galba, ipapo Oton akafa, uye akanakidzwa nokukunda kwaViellius), shamwari dzachangobva kuitwa dzakatanga kuita: dzakanyorera rubatsiro rweumwe munhu anobva kuEgipita. Tiberiyo Julius Alexander haana kukwanisa kutonga chigaro nokuti akanga asiri se senator, asi muJudha akapanduka, uye Mutsian aisagona kuva mambo nekuti akanga asina vanakomana pakugadzwa kwemambo. Kunyanya kuchenjera kwaiva Vespasian Emperor. Upenyu hwake humwe hwakagadziridzwa: Tito naDominitian vakanga vaberekwa kare uye vakakura. Akanga ari seneta uye consul. Uye vatongi vose vatatu vakabvumirana kuti Vespasian yakanga iri nzvimbo yakakwana yepamusoro kune chigaro cheRoma. Pakutanga iye akapika nemauto eEgipita, ipapo nemauto maviri eSiria neJudha.

Vavambi

Vakaita maererano nepurogiramu yakanyatsofungidzirwa: Mutsian anoenderera mberi kurwisana neItaly, uye Vespasian anoramba achichengetedza uye anotonga kupiwa kwezviyo kubva kuEgypt. Zvisinei, zvirongwa zvose munguva yekushandiswa kwavo zvinowanikwa kune zvigadziriswa. Nokuda kwaVespasian mutungamiri Marc Anthony Prim, uyo akatungamira mauto eDanubian, asingatarisiri akaita. Akaenda kuItaly nekukurumidza kupfuura Mutzián, asina kumirira kuiswa muzvirongwa zvakawanda, uye pasina mirairo yaakakunda hondo yeViellius, ndokubva amhanyira kuRoma. Ikoko, kupikisa kwakanga kwakanyanya kuoma. Vazhinji vemhuri yeVespasian panguva ino yaiva muRoma. Guta prefect Sabin akaedza kunyengetedza Vitellia kuti ave mukuru. Akazviita pasina.

Mambo wepamusoro Vespasian, uyo kutonga kwake kwakanga kusati kwatanga, akarasikirwa nemukoma wake munguva yekurwa nesimba. Akaurayiwa chaizvo paKapitol Hill. Asi Vitellius pachake akakurumidza kuurayiwa - uye nechisimba, mumwe anofanira kubvuma. Zuva rakatevera, kupinda muRoma kweuto raMarc Antony Prima rakaitwa, mushure mekunge seneti yakamanikidzwa kuzivisa kuti Vespasian aiva mambo. VaMutsian vakakurumidza sezvaaikwanisa, asi vakauya kuRussia kusvika pakuguma kwekudzvinyirira. Akarambidza zvakanyanya avo Prima vaida Prima, anonzi ane utsinye uye akaremera mhosva nekuda kwekuda kwake. Prim akagumburwa, akanyunyuta kuna Vespasian. Akatora gamba nemhando dzose dzekukudza, asi akatumira zvakare kumunhu wake weTolosa - mukutapwa.

Kutanga kwehurumende

Zvisinei, uye Mutsaanu mutsava yakanga isiri tsika. Chero zvazvingava, akabva abata nevanogona kupikisa. Asi panguva imwecheteyo akamutarisira munzira dzose nechishamiso chokuponeswa kubva pakufa kwaDominiti - mwanakomana muduku pane vose veVespasian. Munguva iyi, mwanakomana wake wedangwe, Tito, akaedza kurwisa Jerusarema uye akabudirira. Mukukudzwa kwake kwakabudiswa mari yakakurumbira - Ivdaea Capta. VaMutsian vakadzokera kumambo Vespasian vakapa zviratidzo zvekukunda, asi kwete chikamu chiduku chemasimba chaiwo asina kupa, kunyange zvazvo akasara kusvikira afa kwake kwemakore matanhatu, Mutian ndiye mutungamiri mukuru wemambo.

Nyika yakabudirira: hondo dzose dzepaguru dzakanga dzapera, temberi yakaisvonaka yeRunyararo (yakatarwa naPliny kuWonders of the World) yakasimuka mune imwe sangano. Mambo wacho aikoshesa maonero evanhu uye akakwanisa kuzvitungamirira kune zvakakosha. Pamwe, izvi ndechokuti iye pachake aibva kuvanhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, hondo yakaramba ichishanda sechinhu chikuru chekugadzirisa: kumutsa kwevaJudha kwakadzingwa, kuchamhembe maGauls anopandukira nemaJermany akavimbiswa. Vespasian mambo weRoma ainzi mukurumbira wake unoshamisa wehupenyu hwake. Semuenzaniso, yakakurumbira zvakashata uye yakangwara. Chinonyanya kukosha, akanga asina kuparadza.

Nyika

Kunyanya kuchengetedza mari kwaive kwakanyanya kudaro kuna Vespasian. Akagara nhaka umambo, akaparadzwa nehondo uye mhirizhonga. Taitoda masero emari, uye vaifanira kubudiswa nevanonyanya kushamisa, kunyange vasina kudzidza. Mambo weRoma ainzi Vespasian, achitaura mutero, akanga asina chinangwa chekudzvinyirira vanhu vake, zvakasiyana, akaramba achicherechedza kuti mapurunhu aisazoparadzwa. Zvisinei, mitsva mitsva yakanyanya kuwedzera munhamba, uye kuedza kuvadzivisa kwakadzvinyirirwa nekunetseka kwose. Zvose izvi zviyero zveRoma zvakanga zvisinganzwisisiki, Emperori akanyatsoputika. Zvisinei, aiziva zvaaiita, uye zvinhu zvose zvakakurumidza uye zvakazara. Apo Temberi YeRugare yakanga yakagadzirira, Vespasian akatanga kuvaka Colosseum, uyewo mari yakawanda kwazvo yakaenda kumuvambo weLatin uye Greek mabhuku.

Uye Vespasian masimba ehondo aiva makuru: kanopfuura makumi maviri maregionari akakwazisa munhu anokunda. Mutemo wekune dzimwe nyika waMambo Vespasian ndewokuti akatora rusununguko kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo nemaguta. Saka yakava mapurisa eRoma yeByzantium, Samos, Rhodes, akabatanidzwa Vespasian uye vazhinji veAsia vakaungana -Emesu, Commagena, Little Armenia, Cilicia. Hondo yakapfuurira nevevanhu vemuganhu (muCaucasus - Armenia, pedyo - Parthia), madzinza eMesopotamiya nerenje reSiriya vaitambudzika. Akarangarira bhizimisi guru rehurumende yake kuti rive kusimbisa hurumende yepamusoro: yakamutsidzira kupomerwa, yakaronga seneti. Somugumisiro, hurumende yave ichinyanya, yakanyanya kuisa pfungwa pamusoro pemusoro, pakugara mairi kuziva, asi nyika yakagadzira hurumende yega, uye kukosha kweItaly kwakakura zvakanyanya. Nhamba yemapurovhinzi yakawedzera.

Provinces

Muhurumende yehurumende, Italy yakanga ichiri kutonga, asi mapurovhinzi rimwe nerimwe rakagamuchira "kodzero dzavo dzechiLatini" uye dzakakurumidza kuwana simba pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zveumambo. Vespasian akanzwisisa zvinetso zvavo zvakakwana uye akavabatsira mune zvose zvingaita kuti vazvigadzirise. Upamhi hwekufunga kwake hwaive hwakawanda. Nhoroondo yeRoma, kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwakaitwa naMambo Vespasian, kwave kuchinjeka zvakare. Kwemakore gumi ekutonga kwake, yarega kuva nhoroondo yemadzimambo edzimba, yakatora kare nzvimbo yakabudirira yevanhu vakasiyana.

Vespasian aishanda zuva nezuva uye zvizhinji, asi manheru oga achizvibvumira kufamba. Akachengetawo siesta uye akaipedza nayo naishekadzi wake, - zvose zvakanga zviri munguva. Kunyange asati ava nemambakwedza, akamuka ndokuverenga mail neyekutanga mazuva ezuva. Uyezve, hupenyu hwake hwakaparadzana kubva kuvanhu hwakaguma. Kunyange kupfeka, akagamuchira vaenzi, vakataurirana neshamwari. Chikamu chikuru chezuva chakanga chakazvipira kutonga. Kuwanika kwake pachake kwaive kwakakwirira, nekuda kweizvi, kunyange zviratidzo zvekuchengetedza zvakanga zvisina kunyatsochengetwa. Zvisinei, kuedza kwoupenyu hwemambo kwakadziviswa. Vespasian pachake akatora fivhiri ndokufa muna 79, asingatongogoni kuseka kunyange izvi.

Jokes parutivi

Suetonius anotsanangura Vespasian semurume ane simba uye ane utano hwakanyanya. Akanga achibatanidzwa mukusimbisa utano hwakarongeka. Mukushamwaridzana kwake kwakanga kusina tenzi, asi kazhinji, vazhinji vaiita sevasina maturo, sekuda kwemari yaakapa kuti inyore mwanakomana wedangwe uyo akamutsiura nokuda kwekuisa mutero mutsva. "Mari iyo haina kunhuhwira? Yakashata." Asi inofanirwa kunhuwa semuti. " Uye mhedziso: "Mari hainhuhuni!". Vanhu, sezvatinogona kuona, vakafarira pfungwa iyi yekuseka, uye kuseka uku, pamwe chete nevamwe vakawanda, vachave vakakurumbira chaizvoizvo nguva dzose-kusvikira pakupera kwenguva.

Uye kana iwe ukanyatsotsanangura mabasa emadzimambo eRoma, inobva yava pachena kuti nekuuya kwaVespasian umambo hwaiziva nguva yegoridhe. Mukumutevera, madzimambo nevanhu vakanaka mumwe pashure peumwe vakasimuka kuchigaro choumambo. Vaive vakakurumbira nenzira imwechete yakafanana neyakatotanga, husi hwemaitiro, nyore (kazhinji ehondo) maitiro, akajeka pfungwa dzakanaka. Chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti maitiro uye maitiro akadai avo vatungamiri vakazvinyadzisa munyika yose uye kwemakore ese vakatanga kutongopera. Yaiva Vespasian yakakurumidza kukurumidza kuenderera mberi, yakamisa chiziviso chezvinhu zvose nezvose muRome, kutongerwa, kwakabudisa nyaya pamusoro pokutuka kwaKesari. Akagadzirisa uye akavandudza mitemo yehurumende.

Mhedziso

Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakararama panguva imwe chete vakaseka pakushungurudzika kwaVespasian, asi kururamisira kwakapiwa kwaari kunyange zvakadaro, nokuti mari yose yakagamuchira kubva pamitero yakaenda kune zvinhu zvinobatsira chete. Zvombo zveRoma zvakakunda, uye dzaive dzakanaka. Ikoko kune zvivakwa zvepamusoro zvinoshamisa zvekukwirira kukuru uye kunoshamisa, kunaka kwekusingaperi. Migwagwa yemasoja yakaiswa, nokuti mabwe akavhuniwa uye makomo anochera, mabhiriji anotyisa zvikuru mumigero huru yakavakwa zvakare pasi peVespasian.

Zviuru zvendarira mapuraneti ane mitemo yeSeneti yakanyauka mumoto weCapitol. Vespasian akavaka Capitol zviri nani kupfuura kare, uye akadzorera mapuranga, achitsvaga mazita emitemo, kunyange kubva kune vanhu vari voga. Migwagwa yakavakwa ipapo apo moto paNero wakaparadza chikamu chikuru cheRoma. Kunyangwe nemapuranga, ayo akatanga kuvaka Kraudhiyo, akaunzwa mukugadzirira kwaVespasian - mambo weRoma. Nezvo, mvura yakadzika yeRoma yakawedzera nekuvandudzwa. Zvivako zvevanhu vose zvakagadzira vespasian forum zvakashongedzwa nemabasa anoshamisa echifananidzo chechiGiriki uye kupenda. Rimwe raibhurari rakavhurwa. Asi kuwedzera kwepamusoro-soro kubva mudare remumambo kwakabviswa pakarepo uye nokusingaperi.