Day Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vaMwari. Akhtyrskaya cheTheotokos: tsananguro, Photo

Pakati siyana kwemifananidzo Mutsvene Mhandara, saka kunamatwa yose Orthodox nyika, pane mumwe kuti anotakura zvikuru unhu. It Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vaMwari. Rinooneka neMhandara Mariya maoko akapetwa, sokunge achinyatsotaurira ane shungu munamato pamberi mwanakomana wake, Jesu Kristu, uyo mufananidzo pamuchinjikwa, akaisa kuruboshwe payo. mufananidzo uyu anoyeukwa nokuda vakawanda vakagamuchira kubudikidza kunoshamisa zvirwere zvavo.

Kuwana nzira inoshamisa

Asi tisati nezvazvo sei zvinokosha vose vanotenda muMwanakomana waMwari uye Most wake Mother Mutsvene, tinofanira kutsanangura nyaya kuwanikwa kwake, kwakaitika muna July 1739. Zvino muguta duku Romney, pedyo Kharkov. Nhasi ndima iyi ndohwaJehovha Sumy nharaunda. Mumakore iwayo, pakupera rokutonga Anny Ioannovny, iye aigara mutaundi Baba vanoremekedzwa mupristi Basil (Danilov). Akashumira ari yeko Church of Intercession.

Ngano ane nayo kuti kamwe akatenga jeko itsva, uye achida kuzviita, akauya pamusoro panzvimbo yake. Maiva muna July, uye uswa vakamira hurefu. Asi pamberi paBaba Basil famba sezvo chikapenya chaipofomadza chiedza richibva rizere mumatenhere ose petsanga. Kuvanza meso ake, mupristi waishandiswa pamusoro uye akaona mufananidzo chinoshamisa, ayo Kupenya Kuora kwemwedzi Mwaranzi yezuva. The mufundisi wainamata akapfugama ndokunyengetera, akafukidza yakadzika dzechitendero zvatinganzwa.

Yaiva Akhtyrskaya mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, pikicha kuti chinopiwa pakutanga nyaya. A shoma apengenuka uye adzikama, mupristi wabviswa pasi nzira chinoshamisa uye mukuru tichimutya, akamutakura akaenda naye mumba, akamupa nzvimbo inokosha rukudzo nezvimwe zviratidzo. Tichiziva kuti akunda mukuru yokunamatira, Baba Basil pakutanga kuvanziwa yokunzvera zvaakawana uye akanyengetera pamberi toga.

Chiitiko of Amai vaMwari

Saka mberi, asi kamwe raiva chiratidzo. Waikudzwa kuona chaizvo Queen hweKudenga, uyo amurayira kuti achenese icon kubva muguruva uye kusuka rwizi mvura yakachena. Ichimutsa pahope, chinhu chokutanga baba vangu akazadzisa zvose Lady Our vaida. Asati akatya kubata pemvura mufananidzo musande, muchitenda pachake kukodzera rukudzo urwu. Zvino nesimba guru akabvisa zvose vaunganidza guruva pairi, ndikandoshamba, uye, kufunga ichi okumhura vasase mvura pasi, ndakasarudza dzairitaura ari mumudziyo iwoyo shure murwizi.

Asi hapana rinobuda aiva mupristi paimba sezvo kwakanga zvakare inzwi raMwari, iro baba vangu vakanga vanzwa mukurota uye yeuka kuti hwose zvikuru zvinoshamisa. Mambokadzi Heaven, nguva ino akarayira kuti achengete mvura sezvo iye kumboshamba chake kupfuura wakachena, vakazadzwa nenyasha ane simba anokwanisa kuporesa zvirwere. Vasina zvishoma mubvunzo chokwadi chemashoko Our Lady, mupristi iyoyo wakadiridzwa mvura kunoshamisa mwanasikana wake kutambura nefivha, uye chishamiso zvichaitika - musikana pakarepo akapora.

A chishamiso akaratidza iconographer John

Chokwadi, zvose zvakaitika Baba Basil akazadza zvikuru kutya kwavo-vakawana tsvene. Asi kwenguva yakareba sei kuti vanorichengeta, Chokwadi, kugona kwete kuwana zvakavanzika, uye kuziva kutanga nezvazvo, mhuri yake, ipapo vavakidzani, uye zvadaro guta rose. Kufudza kunoshamisa mufananidzo, mupristi vakakoka icon painter nezita John mumwe wayo nemasango bhurasho akagadzirisa wakajeka layer achibvisa sokuti panguva zvaparadzwa.

The yokudhirowa, uyo aiziva kunoshamisa simba icon pamberi kutanga basa ndikandoshamba nemvura uye akanwisa mwanakomana wake, uyo akatambura nefivha. Hatigoni kutaura kuti hosha iri angokandwa jaya wakasiya, uye baba vanofara akarumbidza tsitsi Mutsvene Mhandara, izvo rwaakaratidza Akhtyrka Icon of Mother! Ready kutanga basa, John akatotanga akasimudza rimwe mumakwenzi, apo pakarepo kukavapo inzwi Queen voKudenga. Asati kunzwa tenzi vakanzwa mashoko ake: "Siya zvirongwa zvedu. Kwete simba renyu kushandura icon. Uyai panzvimbo. "

Richidonhera mabvi ake, chakazunguzirwa vakanzwa, yokudhirowa apedza paainyengetera usiku hwose uye mangwanani akatakura baba vake Basil rutumba. Mufundisi wainamata ariwana ini zvisisina kodzero yokushandisa pachake chipo Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, kunyanya kubvira pazuva icon akawanikwa makore matatu apfuura. Rikadziisa ari Mutsvene mhandara Protection Church, izvo somupristi kwemakore akawanda. Kubvira ipapo vanhu Romney, achibayira minyengetero yavo kunoshamisa, kuporesa rwaiwanikwa, izvo zvakarurama akanyorwa mubhuku chaiyo. Nokukurumidza Akhtyrskaya tenda Amai Mwari akava pfuma yose uye vakamhanyira vazhinji vechinamato.

Vachifanotaura ari Baroness of Veydel

A chiitiko chinokosha kuti akaita inozivikanwa Icon panguva Imperial Court, kwakaitika muna 1748. Mumwe anofungidzirwa akatonga panguva iyo Empress Elizabeth - Baroness of Veydel - akashanyira Romney, apo aiva akapfuma wemunda. Vava nemakore, akatambura pautera zhinji yaingowanikwa zera rake. Kudzidza pamusoro anoshamisa ehupfumi of Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vaMwari, State mudzimai akanyengetera pamberi paro, vachikumbira wake kuti ataure pamberi poMwanakomana nyoro.

Munyaya inotevera usiku akava chiratidzo Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, yakaratidza kuti basa rake rakanga pamusoro, uye pashure pfupi iye anofanira kupinda Gates Asingagumi. Kuti tiwane mufaro muumambo hwaMwari, pakarepo zvinofanira ugovane zvose pfuma yangu kuvarombo. vanasikana About vaviri, vakanga novimba naye, Mhandara akavimbisa kuratidza kunyatsotarisirwa.

Mangwanani akatevera, pasina kurasikirwa nguva inokosha, Baroness akatanga kuurayiwa mirairo Mhandara Yakakomborerwa. Mazuva mashanu gare gare, akatamira kunyika yaJehovha, ndine kupa zvose zvaaiva nazvo hwake. Pashure pemariro, kuti Empress akatora vasikana vaviri nherera muguta guru uye nokukurumidza kuwana Grooms dzavo - akapfuma uye zvikuru vakadzikama vanhu. Pashure pezviitiko izvi Akhtyrskaya cheTheotokos ndeimwe ukurumbire Russia, uye muna 1751 Dzvene Revafundisi yakasarudza kuriverenga chishamiso.

Kuvakwa ibwe chechi iri Akhtyrka

Around imwe nguva, mazita kwemifananidzo akazviratidza mukereke St. Nicholas Fani rakanga riri Arbat uye muna 1931 rakaparadzwa. Zviri pachena kuti hazvina chete Akhtyrskaya cheTheotokos muMoscow. Mutemberi, kunze musoro, I vakanamata ichi mufananidzo Muscovites - rakaoma kutaura.

Empress Elizaveta Petrovna vaisiyana zvakadzama umwari, uye muna 1768 mari wemuno mari yokuvaka Akhtyrka ibwe Pokrovsky Cathedral iri kudzokera hwaivapo mumakore iwayo, emapuranga. Russian autocrat aishuva kuti yakavakwa pamusoro chaizvo panzvimbo anoda kusvika makumi matatu emakore apfuura, akanga inoshamisa kuwana panguva Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vaMwari.

Elizabeth akaraira chakaitwa, pamwe basa racho temberi akarayirwa akakurumbira mapurani D. Ukhtomsky, immortalized zita rake vazhinji mapurani ounyanzvi weRussia. In richangobva chakavakwa temberi mufananidzo akagarapo kusvikira 1903. Pane kugara akabata mabasa Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vaMwari.

Kutapa Icon uye vakatumira panze

mugumo wake tevera yakanyanya zvinoshamisa, zviri achidemba. Muna 1903 icon akabva kuti kudzorerwa kuchamhembe guru, kwaakanga nokukurumidza anyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa. Zvakaoma kufungidzira iyi, kuchenjera waMwari, kazhinji, ndiko mubvunzo kuti banal kuba. Pashure pfupi icon akaonekwa Harbin, rakanga akamisa kutengeswa uye yakatengwa vamwe Mr S. A. Stepanovym. Zvinozivikanwa kuti dzomunzvimbo archpriest Nikolai Trufanov kuongorora mufananidzo nokungwarira, akapupura kuti ndiwo kakasaririra Mutsvene Protection Church mu Akhtyrka zvechokwadi.

Vasati 1950, icon yaiva China, uye ipapo mwanakomana aimbova muridzi vakauya wayo wokutanga kuSouth America, uye gare gare - muSan Francisco, apo iye akapa Orthodox youth sangano. Uye nhasi mufananidzo chinoshamisa achiri mhiri kwemakungwa. MuSoviet Union makore akawanda hapana aizivikanwa pamusoro kutapwa kuzvidhori, uye chete muna 1975 akaonekwa mashoko okutanga. Asi zvino, nezvikonzero pachena, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kutora chero matanho anoshanda kuti awane kamwe chikonzero mazita nawo.

Chete veMubatanidzwa kuDemocratic kuchinja Kharkiv Metropolitan Nikodhimo akakwanisa kuendesa akamirirwa kwenguva refu kopi ugozvipa iiswe Pokrovsky Cathedral iri Akhtyrka, apo pakutanga kamwe akamira. chiitiko ichi aizivikanwa yakatarwa mudungwe, kwakaitika pamberi vazhinji. Saka tsika rukaporeswa chaiko, sezvo mangwanani sezvo 1844. A June 15, 1999 isu vaipemberera 260th gore chipo kunoshamisa mufananidzo. Mubasa temberi yakarira tropar Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vaMwari uye munyengetero kuna Mhandara Yakakomborerwa.

Art Zviri mifananidzo

Zvakakosha kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro iconography chifananidzo. Hapana mubvunzo kuti It inobva mabasa Italian-Greek nounyanzvi. Kazhinji, mufananidzo Musikana anofananidzwa pamwe vakayambukira maoko pakunyengetera, asi pane vamwe kunotambudza, apo ruoko nzvimbo inoshanduka. Izvi zvinoshandawo yeminhenga Mhandara Yakakomborerwa. Dzimwe nguva anoratidzwa muchimiro jasi, dzimwe nguva korona, uye dzimwe mifananidzo uye vasipo. A kuziva chinhu chiri kushandiswa zvakananga nemaonero akafanana, pane neizvi, inova zvinowanzoitika weboka rokuItari uye nechiGiriki zvikoro. Izvi zvinoratidzwa yokuti Muponesi vazvionere dzinokwanisa kuvatumwa Amai aro anosika fungidziro kuti remoteness.

Muna 1945, kwakanga anonzi Ravensbryuksky mufananidzo, iyo inobva Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vaMwari. Description maviri mifananidzo akafanana chaizvo, asi kuti wokutanga pamuchinjikwa Kristu anoratidzwa muchimiro kacheche kana mwana. An dzinonakidza nyaya nokusika chifananidzo. Kokutanga rakaitwa, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, muna 1945, muna Nzira basa romusoni anogona. zita rake rinobva kuRavensbrück wevasungwa, apo mumwe vasungwa akasikwa - Martyr Mother Mary.

Temberi, iyo inoratidza mazita kwemifananidzo

Zvikurukuru dzakakurumbira vakapiwa mufananidzo kuporesa ehupfumi, izvo zvakazara ane Ahtyrsky cheTheotokos. MuMoscow, chikuru muganhu kwetemberi Yorumuko pamusoro Arbat, rwokuchengeta chaizvo vanoremekedzwa list, yakaitwa XVIII remakore pamwe chaizvo mifananidzo iri America nhasi. Uyewo Samara, mumwe temberi Lonely Nicholas wemamonk, munhu anogona kuona kopi kunoshamisa mufananidzo, akakudzwa dzakawanda zvishamiso, Chiitiko pakati minamato vechinamato. Day Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vakasarudza kupemberera 2 (15) yaJuly, apo Orthodox nyika yose anopemberera mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka jasi cheTheotokos pa Blachernae.

Temple muna Orel

Zvinozivikanwa kuti pashure yakadaro vairemekedza yainamatirwa kubva dzekare dzakavakwa uye vatsvene makereke. Pakati huripo nhasi ndiyo rakanaka Orel. It yakavakwa 1775 pamusoro mipiro vomunharaunda zvomutengesi K. S. Pastuhova. Chokwadi ndechokuti rimwe zuva murume uyu wakazvipira uyo airwara vamwe chirwere apo kwavo yezvokutengeserana zvinoitika muna Romney, akaporeswa kunoshamisa kuvake.

Tichidzokera kumba, akatendeukira diocesan zviremera kumubvumira kutenda kuvaka temberi kukudzwa zvitsvene, zvaakanga inotumidzwa utano hwake. Resolution rwaiwanikwa uye nokukurumidza tembere Akhtyrskaya Our Lady pamusoro (Eagle) vakagamuchira ungano yokutanga. Sezvo kubwinya kwemifananidzo yakura nokukurumidza, vachiwedzera nevapfuuri vauye kuzonamata naye. Space hakuna kukwana, uye temberi yakavakwazve uye kuwedzerwa kanoverengeka mumakore akatevera. Zvino chivako chakanga chakanaka zvikuru, kodzero akava mumwe zvinokwezva veguta racho.

Wemamongi, akavaka vachikudza dzvene kuvake

Pavake ambotaurwa, isu dzakavakwa uye akagadza zvakawanda netemberi dzakawanda vachikudza yakadaro vairemekedza Icon rwacho. Somuenzaniso, tete vangu vanodiwa, yakakurumbira nyanduri Russian F. I. Tyutcheva yakavakwa muna 1805 pamusoro nzira chechi mumusha Chernetove Bryansk nharaunda. Mune Volgograd nharaunda, mumusha nzvimbo Gusevka Olkhovskoye ndiye Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vaMwari chechechi. yemamongi Izvi rakaumbwa muna 1874, mabasa mupristi womunharaunda, Baba John (hwevaRevhi) uye Athos munamati Nikodhimo (Dvoychenkova). Kuva vakapona zhinji nenyonganyonga XX remakore, wemamongi uye nhasi yakazarukira vanoda kuzvipira upenyu hwake rokuponesa mweya.

Chii kunobatsirawo kunoshamisa mufananidzo uye chii chakamumirira kubvunza Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary? simba rake nyasha akaratidza kuporesa fivha, asi gare gare pakanga paine uchapupu kuti zvinobatsira zvakasiyana-siyana ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, munyengetero Akhtyrka Icon of Amai vaMwari vana yakavimbika nzira pahosha uye zvakaipa zvinoitika, ngozi saka munguva yedu.

Mukuwedzera, pamberi achinyengetera ari inofara vanasikana. pachena chishamiso ichikura mukurumbira mufananidzo uyu nerimwe. Kuwanda uye mazita akaita naye. Uye ndiani anoziva, pamwe chete zuva kudzoka kubva mhiri kwamakungwa uye manyorero, saka chishamiso-akawanikwa makore maviri nemakumi manomwe nevatanhatu apfuura.