Cow mukaka: sezvamunoita uye zvivako. The Zvinoumba mukaka - tafura

chigadzirwa ichi chinozivikanwa ose ugere redu. Setsika, mukaka rinoshandiswa zvokudya vana nevakuru. Masayendisiti dzinotityisa mibvunzo pamusoro ngozi ayo, asi mafeni zvibereko izvi haana kudukupiswa.

Izvi imhaka ndechokuti mukaka - rakasiyana sezvamunoita uye zvivako zvakasikwa chigadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, yakatsvuka mashoko pagadzirwe akawandisa zvinogadzirwa chikafu kuti tinodya nomufaro uye utano zvikuru kubatsira. Ngatikurukurei munyaya ino, tikanyatsoongorora mukaka, uye murwiyo yaro kunobatsira zvivako.

Mukaka - kusvika 90% mvura?

Nokuti vazhinji, chokwadi ichi Zvinoshamisa, asi mukaka chaizvoizvo kupfurikidza 87,5% ine mvura. All zvimwe zvinoshamisa uye anobatsira zvinoriumba vari kusimbiswa 12,5% rakaoma nyaya. Izvi pakutsvaga mureza nzwisa mukaka nokuomesa anogarokanganiswa uremu ari tembiricha kuti 105? C. Somugumisiro mvura kwacho kwakadaro riri Ipwa zvachose uye chete nezvishoma.

Asi kusachinja-chinja emura mukaka kushaya yakawanda mvura, uye kuti vose zvinhu uye yeimwe vari chikaparara.

Mukaka iri inozivikanwa nokuda SOMO (nonfat yakaoma mukaka nezvishoma). ukoshi ichi inotengwa kana mukaka kubvisa mvura yose uye mafuta. chakarurama ichi dzinowanzoona haidereri pane 9% uye anoratidza unhu dzinongoitika chigadzirwa. Cow mukaka, murwiyo izvo kwave kwezvinoshandiswa ne dilution nemvura, vachapa SOMO mufananidzo zvikuru kuderedza mwero.

Anoita mafuta mukaka inobatsira?

Padanho mukaka mafuta tigutsikane munguva mukaka mu paavhareji 3.5%. zvazvingava iyi zvachose nemauto varimi uye pakugadzira zvinhu mumafekitari akasarudzwa wacho. maitiro Izvi zvinokanganisa unhu chezvinhu: yakashapa ruomba, ruomba, koteji chizi.

The Zvinoumba mafuta mukaka unotora mafuta acids anenge 20. It kunoratidzwa yakaderera utsotso tembiricha chakarurama (25-30˚S) uye solidification (17-28˚S). The peculiarity mafuta ichi - ayo duku teardrop serin'i chivako mumukaka. Izvi zvinokonzera yayo yakakwirira ndivo (vanenge 95%) kugaya nokuda muviri womunhu.

Nokuda yakaderera chaizvo uremu, mafuta mukaka achisimuka pamusoro yokuumba paiva cream. chigadzirwa ichi zvinokosha anodiwa nevakawanda, uye rine yakawanda anobatsira mafuta-soluble mavhitaminzi: D, A, K uye E. Naizvozvo, kudyiwa mukaka ane dzinongoitika mafuta pamwero Anopfumisa muviri pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu uye zvazvinoita utano hwevanhu zvinobatsira.

Chii chinokosha pamusoro mukaka mapuroteni?

Cow mukaka, izvo akafanana unotora mapuroteni mune mari 3.2%, runoonekwa chinokosha muviri chigadzirwa. Nhamba iyi zvachose kuongororwa uye varimi, mabhizimisi uye akakodzera indasitiri.

Mukaka mapuroteni zvakanaka wakafananidzwa ne muviri - anopfuura 95%. chinhu chake - zviri zvinokosha amino acids, kushaya inotungamira nokuvhiringidzirwa metabolic kwendangariro. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Methionine - exchanges mafuta, kudzivisa degeneration chiropa.
• Tryptophan - yokutanga zvinhu nokuda kwetunhu kweserotonin niacin. kushaikwa kwayo kunogona dementia, chirwere cheshuga, tiibhii uye kenza.
• Lysine kunoita muupenyu ropa inotungamirwa. Vakaomerwa Its anogona kutsamwisa kupererwa, zvirwere zviri muviri pakati nitrogenous zvinhu uye mapfupa calcification, chirwere chinonzi muscular dystrophy, mumwe atadze kushanda zvakanaka chiropa uye zvemapapu.

Kumboda inoitwa mukaka mapuroteni casein. Ngachipiwe nenzira mbiri: Alpha marudzi kunokonzera Allergies vamwe vanhu, ivo Beta chimiro panoonekwa munhu zvakanaka.

Serum kana sulfa mapuroteni, vane kugutsikana mumukaka - 0,6%, tinokosha inotonhorera uye zvinowanzoshandiswa zvokudya indasitiri.

In mukaka ipapo microflora pakati zvipenyu miniti kuti muupenyu kwacho ari oga chaizvo mapuroteni zvinhu - makemikari, kana makemikari. zvivako izvi waidzora makemikari pezvakaitwa ari chigadzirwa uye zviito neimwe ndekwokuda zvakananga. Enzayemu basa iri ph zvaanoda uye kudziya svikiro. Vamwe vavo kubatsira kuongorora kunaka mukaka:

• Lipase inosimudzira nokuputsika mafuta kuti vakasununguka mafuta acids uye glycerol. Izvi anochinja manakiro mukaka zvakaipisisa, nokuderedza unhu kwayo. Nokuwanda vakasununguka mafuta acids dzavo oxidation kunotungamirira rancidity chigadzirwa.
• Peroxidase - Thermo enzayemu kuti anoratidza kuti mukaka wakanga pasteurized pa 80 ° C.
• Catalase uchiora rehydrogen peroxide kuti mvura uye oxygen. The mukaka kubva sick mhou catalase pamwero zvakakwirira zvakakwana.
• Phosphatase unodokwairira esters pamusoro phosphoric asidhi uye alcohols obva anyura kwakajairika pasteurization. Its Kusavapo inosimbisa anotsvedzerera nomufambiro pasteurization.

Mukaka shuga uye ayo Kushandurwa

Makemikari anoumba mukaka zvinosanganisira inokosha kubatana - lactose, kana shuga mukaka. rinoita zvinoriumba chiri simba mabviro dzemuviri. The enzayemu lactase rinopatsanurwa pasi lactose kupinda shuga uye galactose.

Lactose kunobatsira kudzvinyirira basa pathogenic putrefactive microflora. Lactose ane kwaibatsira pamusoro huta uye zvemwoyo basa dzemuviri.

Kune vamwe vanhu, pane chinetso kurambwa shuga mukaka, inonzi lactase kukanganisika. chirwere ichi chinogona kuva vachiberekwa kana dzinokura nokufamba kwemakore. The chikonzero anogona Kutamiswa bowel chirwere kana kwenguva refu pakuzvinyima kunwa mukaka.

Tusingaoneki kubereka, Sezvambotaurwa, pakaitwa enzayemu - lactase, izvo unodokwairira lactose kuumbika nyore yeimwe: shuga uye galactose. The rokutanga vakawana pfuma iri chikafu zvomusi utachiona vakawanda. Uyezve, iyi ndiyo zvinoitika pamwe shuga, ndiro chikamu yemombe mukaka: kwakanyorwa yakaviriswa tupukanana tusingaoneki, nevamwe lactic acid, doro uye carbon dioxide. In yevanhu ura somugumisiro tishandurwe ichi pave zvishoma acidic zvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinoita kuti pave kunobatsira acidophilus tusingaoneki. Activities kwemabhakitiriya putrefaction Saka woutsinye.

mukaka zvicherwa

Cow mukaka, izvo akafanana unotora Organic uye inorganic zvinoriumba kunowanika zvinovaka muviri kuti muviri womunhu. Its chinhu ndechokuti yakawiriranwa zviito zvinhu kunotungamirira yakanakisisa Absorção de Água. The Kuronga mukaka vari inotevera makuru okunze:

• Karusiyamu - aripo ari digestible chimiro uye mwero pamwe phosphorus. Zviri muchimiro ions (10%) wechinhu phosphates uye citrates (68%), pachiimbwa casein (22%). The zvachose zviri maatomu akafanana izvi mumukaka - 100-140 MG, riri kudzika muzhizha.
• Phosphorus zviri izvo anoda kubva 74-130 MG, aripo nenzira mbiri. Ndizvo chikamu inorganic yeimwe muchimiro karusiyamu phosphate nedzimwe simbi. Inosanganisirawo phosphorus Organic zvinhu - ethers, casein, phospholipids, makemikari, nucleic acids.
• The magnesium tigutsikane iri kuwanda 12-14 MG, kwaibatsira pamusoro huta, zvomudumbu uye kwevanhu kubereka, kunonatsiridza kutapata.
• Potassium (135-170 MG) uye yavaibvisa (30-77 MG) rutsigiro osmosis uye buffering zvose mvura vezvenhau dzemuviri. Ivo kuwedzera solubility zvakawanda yeimwe uye chicherwa acids, casein micelles;
• Chloro (90-120 MG) ane chokukomborerwa utano mhuka. Kuwedzera wevasungwa 30% kunoratidza kuvapo mastitis mu mhou.

vazhinji zvisaririra zvinhu ariwo chikamu mukaka. Pasinei chokwadi kuti avo kugutsikana zvikuru duku, izvi zvinhu zvine guru nezvainoita chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo dzemuviri. Mukaka rine simbi, mhangura, zingi, manganese, ayodhini, molybdenum, fluorine, aruminiyamu, nesilicon, selenium, tini, chromium, kutungamirira. Vose kugovera physiologic pezvakaitwa mumuviri.

Zviri mukaka sezvamunoita

Zviratidzi mukaka constituent zvinoriumba dzingasiyana. Data izvi sei mombe erudzi, zvadzinofura quality, nguva yegore, uye zvakawanda. Asi avhareji Zvinoumba mukaka, tafura pazasi, vari kuderedzwa zvinotevera zviratidzi:

Kubatsira uye hunokuvadza chiya chisingadiwi zvinoumba mukaka

The Zvinoumba Mhou yose mukaka inosanganisirawo mavhitaminzi, makemikari uye pigments. kugutsikana kwavo kunoonekwa mune hundredths uye thousandths ane muzana, asi kukosha izvi zvinhu zvakakwirira chaizvo. Vane yakakwirira zvipenyu basa, uye kunyange vashomashoma, kuvapo kwavo kunokosha kuti muviri womunhu.

Pari kuwanikwa mukaka vanenge 50 mavhitamini, izvo zvinosanganisira mvura-soluble - B1, B2, C - uye mafuta-soluble - A, D, E, K. Kuvapo izvi pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinoriumba hunokonzera kubatsira mukaka kuti utano hwevanhu, sezvo simba ravo physiology hunokosha.

Asi chikamu chigadzirwa ichi uye zvingasanganisira zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza muviri. kugutsikana kwavo kwazvo diki, asi kunyange mishonga diki izvi zvinogona kukuvadza zvikuru utano hwevanhu. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Chepfu zvinhu: Arsenic (kwete kupfuura 0,05 MG / kg), kutungamirira (kwete kupfuura 0.1 MG / kg), nemekiyuri (0.005 MG / kg), cadmium (0.03 MG / kg).

Vanogona kupinda mukaka pamwe zvokudya kana mugaba. nhamba yavo zvachose zvokugoverwa uye kudzorwa.

• Mycotoxins, kunyanya aflatoxin M1, muri zvikuru chepfu zvigadzirwa anoumba zvakaoma. carcinogenic kushanda. Anopinda mukaka pamwe zvokudya, hauna kupera nokuda pasteurization. kugutsikana awo zvachose kwezvipimo kunze 0,0005 MG / l.
• Mishonga - tetracyclines, penicillins, chloramphenicol, streptomycin yakawanikwa.
• FIs - mushaba nezvimwe detergents uye mishonga yokuuraya utachiona.
• Mishonga yezvipembenene uye radionuclides (strontium-90, necesium-137) - pamwechete chikafu.
• Makemikari ari muchimiro inonzi estrogen inowanikwa mukaka yakachena. Saka, kudzivisa pamusoro hormone zvirwere zviri chigadzirwa kupa vana mhando iyi haisi inokurudzirwa.
• Various pathogenic uye conditionally pathogenic tusingaoneki.

Saka, mukaka, akafanana uye zvivako zviri zvakananga novimba muviri uye mhuka zvakanaka, anogona kuunza kwete chete vanobatsirwa, asi zvakaipa. By kutenga chigadzirwa ichi anofanira vachivimba maindasitiri makambani, rikaratidzwa mumusika. Kazhinji, kwakadaro rabhoritari kuvhenekwa mukaka rinopfuura panguva muitiro zvose nzendo, uye zviri zvose zvinobatsira uye anokanganisa zvinhu zviri zvachose kudzorwa. The chigadzirwa iri akatengwa kubva private varidzi pamusoro kwatangwa pamusika - hazvinzwisisiki, uye zvose mutengesi uye mutengi. Regai kuisa utano hwako pachako, kubvuma anoedza kudaidzwa kutenga "chaivo mukaravhani mukaka."

Kunoshamisa mukaka wembudzi?

Vamwe vanhu pari vanoda mukaka wembudzi. Vanotsanangura ichi nokuvapo zvakanakira pachena pamusoro chigadzirwa. Murwiyo emvere uye mukaka zvechokwadi zvishoma zvakasiyana. Heano mamwe mashoko achisimbisa musiyano pakati izvi zvigadzirwa maviri:

• The cobalt zviri mbudzi mukaka kupfuura mune yemombe chigadzirwa 6 nguva.
• Mbudzi mukaka chepakarepo hapana Arufa-1S-casein, izvo anohupa mamiriro hypoallergenic chigadzirwa.
• ari lactose zviri mukaka nembudzi isingasviki mhou, ndiyo 53%. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vanhu vane lactose kugaya kukanganisika.
• The mafuta zviri mbudzi mukaka - 4.4%, uye 69% asidhi - polyunsaturated uye kukwikwidzana remafuta akawandisa.
• In mbudzi mukaka ndoda pathogenic tusingaoneki.

Imhandoi mukaka zvakanaka?

Imhandoi mukaka kudya - mhou kana mbudzi - ukasarudza. Both zvigadzirwa vakafanira kuremekedzwa uye vanoonekwa kuti anokosha uye anobatsira kuti utano. Chinhu chikuru - yeukai vakachengeteka uye kwete kutenga zvinhu zviri dubious yepamusoro. Muedzo kuedza matsva mukaka kubva kumusika. Pangava muzvizhinji kuti pathogenic utachiona uye zvine chepfu. Zvakanakisisa kutenga kufamba kuzvidzora zvakanaka uye advertising. nzira iyi unogona kuzvidzivirira uye mhuri yako kubva kutyisidzirwa kufungidzira akashama ziso hazvitomboiti. Inwa yepamusoro mukaka nomufaro!