Cornelius Vanderbilt: mapikicha, Biography, akatorwa, mashoko

Kana iwe ukacherechedza nhoroondo yezviziviso zvese zvakakurumbira, izvo zvino zvinonzi "mari yakare", saka kazhinji kacho inobva kune purogiramu yekutanga ichava munhu ane tsika dzisina kunaka dzemitemo, asi nechisimba chikuru. Uye izvi zvinoshanda kune chero ipi zvayo yemachinda emazuva ano, madzishe uye masenator. Zvakakosha kuyeuka nhoroondo yemhuri, kunyange zvisati zvanyatsonzwisisika: mumakore zana vana vevanhu vakaita mari mune makumi mapfumbamwe emakore ekupedzisira, kana vasina mazita, vachave vanhu vanoremekedzwa munyika dzose. Kana, chokwadi, guta racho richawedzerwa. Dzimwe nguva dzinza dzinoputika dzinongoparadza nyika. Izvo zvakaitika nenhaka yeAmerica wokutanga munhu akapfuma.

Zita raKoneriyasi Vanderbilt muUnited States rinozivikanwa kune vose, basa rake rinowanikwa mumabhuku ezvoupfumi, zita rake rinotyisidzirwa nevadzidzisi uye vadzidzisi vemagadzirirwo ekukura. Asi nyaya yake uye nhoroondo yemhuri inoguma pamwanakomana wake. Izvi hazvisi izvo bhirionaire akarota.

Van der Bilt mhuri

Koneriyasi aiva mwana wechina mumhuri, zita rake rakazara seKonnelius Vanderbilt Jr., zita rake rakapiwa mukukudza baba vake. Nzvimbo yekuberekwa yaiva purazi yemhuri, yakaitika muna May 1794. Kufanana nevose veAmerica, Van der Bilta vakanga vabva kune dzimwe nyika vaida kwazvo kurarama hupenyu hwavo kune unhu hwakanaka. Hapana akarota nemamiriyoni. Zvakanaka uye basa rakawanda kutsigira mhuri uye kuwana hutano hwakanyarara-zvichida izvi ndizvo chete zvinokonzera mari kumhuri. Zita reVanderbilt raiva pakutanga rakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvitatu: Van der Bilt. Nokufamba kwenguva, nzvimbo dzaiva dzakapetwa, uye zita racho rakawana fusion zvose mukududzira uye mukunyora.

Baba venguva yemberi vaizowana purazi duku, vachibhadhara basa mubasa. Mukunzwisisa kwake, gungwa, upenyu hwepachivako ndiro mutoro unoremedza, umo mune basa rakasviba chete uye mari shoma. Akafuridzira pfungwa iyi kumwanakomana wake wechina, asi mukomana akanzwisisa zvose nenzira yake. Mukurota kwake marungwa upenyu hwaireva rusununguko, pfuma uye mikana isingagumi. Kubvira paucheche, akaparadzaniswa nehasha dzakanyanya, Konnelius Vanderbilt akarota nezvokudarika chikoro pa11, kuitira kuti aite zvaanozviita. Uye kunyange akasiya masvingo ayo, asi haana kusvika padhipuyo pakarepo, kusvikira asvitsa makore makumi matanhatu nemakore makumi matanhatu nemakore makumi matatu nemakore makumi matatu nemana makumi matatu nemana makumi mana nemana (16) achishanda pamunda wemhuri Asi kunyange dai aida kuramba achidzidza, angadai asina kubudirira. Bhizimisi rake rokutanga nekunyepedzera, akaronga mumasvingo echikoro.

Chiitiko chekutanga chekutengeserana uye kushungurudza

Iwe usati watevera mamiriyoni ekutanga, Koneriyasi Vanderbilt akaratidza unhu hunonyadzisa, hunofadza uye hwakaoma pakugadzirisa zvinetso. Nyaya yacho yakanga ichiri mumadziro ezvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa, apo mudiki mari-grinder akanzwisisa kuverenga uye aritemu.

Vadzidzisi vepachikoro chekune imwe nzvimbo havana kusiyana nevashandi vakaoma vakakomba, kunze kwekugona kunyora, kuverenga nekuverenga. Zvose zvakasara zve "maitiro" zvaive zvakajairika, uye kudhakwa kwakabata mutsara wokutanga. Achicherechedza kamwe kwekudya kwechirango kubva kune mumwe wevadzidzisi vake, Koneriyasi akasarudza kudzora kutambura uye akapa sekurapa chibage vodka yezvakakosha. Zvechokwadi, aive akakosha mari. Mudzidzisi aisagona kurwisana nekureurura kuna "Muponesi" muchivi chake, kunyanya kubva pakunounwa kunwa kwaive kudhura kudarika mune dzose dzakapoteredza saloons.

Inguva yakareba sei kushandiswa kwechimbichimbi kwakapera, nhoroondo haina kunyarara, asi rimwe zuva mutadzi asina ruzivo akasarudza kubuda pamaoko akabatana omudzidzi. Ikoko ndiko kwakakosha kwebhizimisi shark yakazarura: Cornelius Vanderbilt akati achaudza nyaya yose kumukuru wechikoro nevese vanhu vakavapoteredza avo vadzidzisi vehutongi hunoenderana. Tom aifanira kuzvipira pakarepo. Nhoroondo yakazove yakajeka, kukanganisa kukuru kwakatanga, vadzidzisi vakadzingwa nekunyadziswa, Koneriyasi akazvisiya.

Gare gare, akati: "Dai ndaifanira kupedza nguva ndichidzidza, ndingadai ndisina kuwana chero chinhu." Maonero aya pamusoro pechikoro efilosofi anomubatanidza nehupfumi hutsva hwemazuva ekushanda muAmerica.

Bhizinesi re 10 bucks

Vanderbilt Cornelius akaratidza muchidimbu nezvekuwana mari uye kupi kuti awane mari mari. Akabvunza vabereki vake madhora gumi kuti vatenge chikepe. Nhamba yevarimi yakakura zvikuru, uye baba havana kukwanisa kusarudza pamatambudziko akadaro, kunyanya kana yaifambisa chikepe nezvose zvakabatana nayo. Asi mai vacho vaiziva mwanakomana wavo zvakanaka uye vakada kupa chikumbiro chake, asi nemamiriro ezvinhu kuti aifanira kutanga kushanda purazi. Kuti awane guta rekutanga, Koneriyasi aifanira kupfugama zvakanyanya kumba: kukukanda matombo, kugadzira pasi, kusima michina uye zvakadaro - pane nguva zhinji basa rakawanda pasi. Sezvo apedza kuzadzika zvivimbiso zvose, akagamuchira kubva kuna amai vake mari yake yega.

Chikepe chekutanga

Pasina kunonoka nyaya yacho pane bhokisi riri kure uye isina kubatanidzwa mukufungidzira, musikana wechikepe ane makore gumi nematanhatu akachangobva kuberekwa akaenda kunotenga chikepe. Chikepe chacho chakanga chakaoma, chisina kuchengetwa, asi mutungamiri akanga akatsunga kuva mutakuri mukuru muNew York port. Mukukwikwidza kwekutakura kwevagari vanobva kune rimwe gungwa kuenda kune imwe yakanga yakakura, ndiyo ndiyo nzira chete yokubva kune rumwe rutivi rweguta kune imwe. Vakawanda vakatora rwendo rwacho kakawanda pazuva, tekisi yakatenderera yakarwira munhu mumwe nomumwe uye imwe nzvimbo pasi pezuva pakati pavo. Koneriyasi Vanderbilt akanga achiri muduku zvikuru, uye, maererano nevakadzidza vaikwanisa, kubata naye akanga asina kuoma.

Munguva yekutanga, ngarava yake yakaedza kunyura usiku humwe neimwe. Achiwana kuti chii chakanga chisina kunaka, Vanderbilt akaziva kuti pasi rakange richibaya muchikepe. Hasha dzaive dzakanaka, muchikwata chakanga chichimbwa, kupika. Kupenga kwepenzi kwakaita kuti nyaya yake - itange kutyiswa. Kukurudzira kutya kuvadzivisi vavo kwakabatsirwa nekukura kukuru kwemamita maviri, nehuro yakagadzirirwa uye nhengo yemashoko asina kunyora uye mitsara iyo yakajeka yakaratidza kubatsira kwavo munharo.

Mushure mokunge chiitiko chekutanga, kukwikwidza kwacho hakuna kuzorora, asi murume wacho akawana "chivako chekugara." Akawanda kakawanda achazogadzirisa matambudziko nenzira iyi, asi nhoroondo yakavakwa pasi pezita raConnelius Vanderbilt. Bhuku rehucoon rakazadzwa nehondo, eccentricities, utsinye uye kukwanisa kuzadzisa zvinangwa.

Strategic dumping

Munguva pfupi, achiziva kuti hazvibatsiri kutamba nemitemo yakawanda uye haigoni kuita mari nokukurumidza, Cornelius Vanderbilt akazvigadzira mitemo yake. Ngarava ine zita rokuti "Fleet", maererano nenhepfenyuro, yakaramba ichingopfutirwa uye yakatyisidzira kumira muminiti imwe neimwe, asi kunyange zvakadaro vatengesi vakashandisa mabasa ake. Mamiriyoni matatu emadhora pamunhu wese - zvaive zvakakosha zvikuru kuenda kune rimwe divi reNew York, uye vazhinji vakatora zvose. Vanderbilt yakaderedza mari yacho kune imwe dollar, uye mutengesi wemigwagwa yakawedzera dzimwe nguva. Vaya vaida kuyambuka rwizi vakatanga kurwira nzvimbo muchikepe chake uye vakanga vakagadzirira kugara pamakumbo avo kuti vawane mari.

Mwedzi gumi nemaviri gare gare, Koneriyasi akapa amai vake madhora gumi, uye akawedzera mhuri yemari kune chiuru. Mhepo yakasikwa naye mumhepo yevatakuri haina kukurudzira kutaurirana, mutengo waifanira kuderedzwa nemunhu wose, mumwe munhu akaparadzwa. Aida kubvisa zvose zvakakwirira. Kurwisana kwaiva chinhu chinogara chiripo cheVanderbilt, ruzivo rwakazara zvakare nekuda kwemashoko emvura uye matanho akasarudzwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, Koneriyasi Vanderbilt akawana mari yekuwedzera bhizinesi rake.

Mafashamo Okutanga

Takatenga ngarava dzinoverengeka, Vanderbilt akatora boka racho kuti rizvipindire: munhu wese akapikira, aiziva kutya kwemukwikwidzi nekutarisa kwakasimba, neshoko rakasimba, uye kana zvichidikanwa, nechibhakera chake. Ikoko duku duku rakashanda nesimba, risingatauri dumping, raizotora misika yose. Asi mumakore 1812-1815. Paiva nekukakavadzana pakati peEngland neAmerica. K. Vanderbilt, kutengesa ngarava noupenyu, akapfuurira marungwa ekufambisa, iye zvino iye zvino akadzinga midziyo uye zvigadzirwa zvehondo.

Hondo yekutengesa mauto yakanga isina rusununguko, uye Koneriyasi akanga atanga chirongwa chekufungidzira: akatenga zvinhu zvakakurumbira mune imwe nzvimbo yeNew York ndokuvatengesa kune imwe. Gesheft kubva pakudzokazve, akafunga kuti akanga ari kusununguka, asi mushure mezvose, chinangwa chikuru chakanga chiri kubudirira, asi nokuti bhizimisi iri rakanga rakanyatsosimbiswa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, akatenga nzira dzose dzinotenderera dzevatakuri uye akazova akazvimirira. Zvakatora makore manomwe. Akazova nyanzvi yekuendesa kwemahombekombe, mumwe wevatengesi vakanakisisa, akawana zita rinonzi Mutungamiriri, akachengetedzwa zviuru gumi nezviuru zvemadhora, asi ... nguva yeva steamboats yakauya.

Captain

Kwete pakarepo Koneriyasi Vanderbilt akaongorora matarisiro ezvikepe zvekufambisa, uye zvaakanzwisisa, akasarudza kuita nenzira yechokwadi. Kuti abudirire, aida ruzivo pamusoro pezvikepe zvitsva uye zvavanokwanisa. Sezvo munhu asingaregi hafu yenguva yekuita zvisarudzo, anotengesa zvikepe zvake zvose uye anorayirwa nemukuru wechikepe kuSt. Gib Gibons nechikwata chemadhora ane chiuru pagore. Panguva imwecheteyo, akaroora musikana ane mwero wepurazi yakatarisana, Sophia Johnson.

Ikoko steamboat Gibbons pasi pekutungamirirwa naCaptain Vanderbilt vakafara vachibva kuNew York kuenda kuNew Jersey. Zvitoro zvezvinangwa zvakasiyana uye vatashamba vakatakurwa. Ave akadzidza zvose zvisiri nyore zvebhizimisi uye bhizimisi guru kwemakore anoverengeka, Cornelius Vanderbilt akavimbisa Gibboni kuvaka imwe mudziyo pamwe chete.

A Era Itsva Yebhizimisi

Vanderbilt akaiswa muchikepe chake chitsva nzira dzake dzose uye iye pachake akaita basa racho. Imbiyo itsva yainzi Bellona, uye Vanderbilt Cornelius, semutungamiri webhizimisi, akadzokorora mararamiro ake ekuita bhizinesi - akatanga kutora zvachose. Mutambo weBelonne waiva we $ 1 chete, iyo yaipetwa kane kana kupfuura yevamwe vatakuri.

Vakwikwi, avo vaiva nechepamutemo mutemo, vakanga vamusunga kanoverengeka, vatungamiriri vakauya kumukuru, asi nguva imwe neimwe iye akatiza. Zvakataurirwa kuti kune makabati akavanzika ari muchikepe, izvo chete Mutungamiriri anoziva, uye saka anonyangarika kubva kuThemis. Achikunda chinzvimbo chakakwirira mubhizinesi, akazvibata semuvengi uye mhumhi inokonzera mupikiswi wake kune shreds, chaizvoizvo, sezvinofanira kuva nemunhu anonzi Cornelius Vanderbilt.

Akagadzirawo rimwe bhizinesi: akatenga hotera duku nevekutengesera pamhenderekedzo yerwizi, apo vanhu vakakurumbira vanogona kurarama mukutarisira kwechikepe chake uye vanongonakidzwa nekushandisa nguva. Muridzi wekugadzwa aiva mudzimai wake. Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kusvikira muna 1829. Makore makumi matatu emadhora akabatanidzwa muhomwe yake, asi aida kwazvo, uyu K. Vanderbilt, mamiriyoni ekutanga akadurura pamusoro pemasitosti mberi. Yaiva nguva yekutanga mutambo mukuru.

Kuramba sechimiro chekuwana mari

Cornelius Vanderbilt ibhizimusi mukuru, uye yakava pachena munguva yekusangana kwekutanga kwekutonga. Nhamo chido chokutanga bhizinesi rake pasina shamwari, anotengesa danda rake muNew Jersey ndokuenda kuNew York. Mudzimai akadzivisa kuchinja kwenzvimbo yekugara, asi mukuru wemhuri akamugombedzera nenzira yakaipisisa: haana kubvumirana nechisarudzo chake kwemwedzi miviri muimba yeupenzi.

Kudzokera kuNew York, anosimbisa kambani yekufambisa uye anotarisana nebhizimisi rinozivikanwa: kutakura zvinhu uye vatasvi, asi mutengo uri masendi gumi nemaviri chete.

Iyo inofamba iri pakati peNew York naPiccilli, mumugwagwa uyu nenguva iyo Vanderbilt akaonekwa, pakanga pane mutongi wevanhu. Uye akadzingwa kunze kwemusika. Akabva atanga makwikwi neHudson River Association, achishandisa zvombo zvakasimba - haana kutora mari yekufamba. Asi vatasvi venguva refu vakanga vakamirira kurwadza kukuru kubva munharaunda yakasununguka: mari yezvokudya nezvimwe zvinwiwa mubhodhi zvakanyengedzwa kazhinji, izvo zvakabhadhara mitambo yeVanderbilt dumping. IHudson River Rebel Association yakapa: iyi ndiyo nguva yokutanga iyo kambani yakabvunza mutengesi wega wega kuti adzore mabasa ayo. Sekubhadhara, yakapiwa mazana zana emadhora nemadhora zviuru zvishanu gore negore kwemakore gumi. Uye Mutungamiriri akabvumirana!

Mamiriyoni Ekutanga

Vanderbilt anoshandura mabasa ayo uye anotakura vashamba kuBoston, Long Island nemaguta e Connecticut. Bhizimisi rinotumbuka, nezera remakore makumi mana Cornelius akaunganidza pfuma yehafu yemamiriyoni emadhora, asi nyota yemari haina kugutsikana. Mhuri yakatama zvakare, ikozvino kuLong Island. Kuenderera mberi kwekudzima, Mutungamiriri anorambira pamakwikwi, anowana mubhadharo, uye muna 1846 nhamba dzake dzekufambisa dzichienda mumaguta makuru eAmerica. Yaiva mugore rino Vanderbilt yakawana mamiriyoni ekutanga mubhizinesi rekutumira.

Panama Canal

Muna 1848, California yakawana goridhe, uye imwe fevri yakapfuura muAmerica. Nzira iri nyore ndeyokupfuurira kupfuura nePanama, pfungwa yekuchera gorosi yakanga isiri itsva, asi Vanderbilt ndiye wekutanga kugona pfungwa yeiyo pfungwa. Maiwe, kwakanga kusina kukwana midziyo yemichina, uye Koneriyasi akasarudza kuderedza nguva yekufamba yevatarisira nenzira yake. Akabvumirana nehurumende yeNicaragua, akaronga ndege dzechikwata, nekuda kwekutsvaga kutsvaga-kubhadhara kwakaiswa panzvimbo mbiri mazuva maviri mberi kwevamwe vavo vakashanda kune dzimwe makambani. Gore roga roga, kutama kwevatakuri kwakaunza Mutongi wemamiriyoni emari.

Pfungwa yekuisa Panama Canal haina kusiyiwa naVanderbilt. Zvakare zvakare kutengesa bhizimisi rose, Koneriyasi akapinda mukutsvaga shamwari. Saka Panama kambani Accessory Transit Co. yakatangwa.

Upenyu hwega

Mumazuva makumi matanhatu ekuberekwa, vatungamiriri vemhuri yeVanderbilt vakapinda mavoti avo kuti vafambe nechekuEurope. Iyo mudziyo yainzi "Northern Star", yakagadzirirwa uye yakagadzirwa yakagadzirirwa pachavo naKonnelius Vanderbilt. Photo yacht nekunakidza yakadhindwa mukati menyaya iyoyo. Tariro yemamiriyoni yaiva yakananga, uye zvose zvaiva nehanya nezvinhu zvake pachake zvakabva zvava kunyadzisa, vachidanidzira kuti vawane zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro. Kuti atye vanhu, Mutungamiri aifarira zvikuru, ane chiso chakaoma, achiyeuchidza vamwe, kwaakabva "kuvanhu" uye makirasi akawanda aakadzidza. Magazini ezvo nguva aiwanzobvunzurudza, mune imwe yeavo akati: "Upenyu hwangu hwose ndakashamisika nezvemari, kushandiswa kwezvitsva nzira dzokuzviita hazvina kundisiyira nguva yekudzidza."

Pasina ruremekedzo yaiva imba yake paStenen Island, yakavakwa nezvose zvaidiwa zvewaini. Yakanga iri inonakidza yakakanganiswa musanganiswa wemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, yakanga ine mativi matatu, mamiriro acho aive akapfuma zvikuru uye asingasviki mukugadzirwa. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekuita kumba chaiva chifananidzo chine chikwangwani "Cornelius Vanderbilt." Mufananidzo weimba yacho yaiwanzobudiswa mune zvenhau panguva iyoyo.

Railway tycoon

Muna 1853, mhuri yeVanderbilt yakaenda parwendo, iyi ndiyo yaimbova nguva yezororo yeKorneriyasi. Kutarisira nhau dzekambani Accessory Transit Co, akasiya vaviri vevashandi vake vane mano avo, kuburikidza nemaitiro, vakatora danda rekutonga. Kutsamwa kweMutungamiriri kwakava telegiramu: "Gentlemen! Iwe wakatya kunyengera ini. Handizokupomerai nokuti motokari yemotokari inonoka. Ndichakuparadza iwe. Nekuremekedza kukuru, Konnelius Vanderbilt. " Sezvaakataura, saka akaita - zviwanikwa kubva muhondo yepfuma yake yakadzoka katatu. Dare racho rakagara kwemakore anoverengeka, Cornelius Vanderbilt akakunda. Izvo zvinyorwa zvewadhicoon vakataurirwa Themis uye vashandi vashandi vainyanya kutaurwa mumagazini.

Pane imwe nguva, paaifamba nechitima, Mutungamiriri akaziva kuti kutakura kwenyika kwaive kwakachengeteka uye kwakashata, uye tarisiro yekusimudzirwa kwebhizimisi iyi yakavimbisa mari yakawanda. Vanderbilt zvakare zvakare kutengesa bhizimisi rayo rose uye anotenga gorosi risina kubatsira panguva iyoyo - Harlem.

Kutenga pfupi bazi mitsetse uye mumatanda mamwe makambani, akashanda ari akazobatanidzwa uye acquisitions. Bhizimisi iri kukura, akakwanisa kuita kunze duku mapazi chakarebesa njanji nzira. Saka akanga akaumba Central New York Railroad. Achipfuura nenzira inozivikanwa - nokuderedza mitengo pakufamba, Cornelius Vanderbilt nokururamisira nokukurumidza anova muridzi maviri wakarebesa uye zvinobatsira njanji - Harlem uye New York. Panguva iyi, iye yakaoma makwikwi, izvo chete kunowedzera upenyu mhiripiri. Panguva yemakore mashanu njanji yakakura Vanderbilt vakakorekana njanji pamakwara hafu America, mari matikiti pamusoro nezvitima ayo aigara kuvatumwa vamwe.

venhaka

Panguva tycoon aiva nevana 11, vana vavo - vakomana. Pamusaka dzidzo yavo vasikana havana kuteerera baba vake - havazopfeki nguo unonzi ake pashure muchato, uye bhizimisi mhuri inoda kuendeswa mwanakomana wake kuti acharamba. Pakati pavanakomana kupfuura vaizotibata, kunyange panguva upenyu vakaziva zvemari shasha yababa vake rakanga William Vanderbilt. Uye akatora dzinenge dzose mamiriro Koneriyasi: mamiriyoni 90 emadhora. Yaipedzerwa nhaka raiva kupfuura mamiriro America panguva - mamiriyoni 102 emadhora. The yasara mamiriyoni 12 akagoverwa pakati masangano uye nevamwe vana.

Chero mumwe anofunga naye panguva yake uye vazukuru, nokungwaririra kana mukusaziva basa rake akashumira munyika kukura, kunyange kana huru chinangwa yakanga batsiro, asi zvakadaro akanga Cornelius Vanderbilt. Quotes kubva Hurukuro yake akaenda mabhuku, uye vazhinji vavo vakava mantras kuti Entrepreneurs. Asi inokosha chakaita basa tycoon yaiva hunhu uye irrepressible unyanzvi mu "arumurwa mari kubva yevagari."