Chii denderedzwa sechipiriso geometrical mufananidzo: dzinokosha zvivako uye unhu

Kudonongodza kuti kufungidzira kuti denderedzwa yakadaro, tarisai rin'i kana hoop. Munogonawo kutora kumativi regirazi mbiya uye akaisa zvachose pasi kapepa uye penzura denderedzwa. Kana vakawanda kuwedzera zvichiguma mutsetse uchava mukobvu uye kwete anotsvedzerera chaizvo, uye ayo micheto vari Blurred. Sekamufarenzi somunhu geometric mufananidzo ane zvinhu zvakadai ukobvu.

Sekamufarenzi: tsananguro uye rondedzero dzinokosha rinoreva

Sekamufarenzi - a namahwindo munyonga ina muzvizhinji pfungwa iri mundege imwe uye equidistant kubva pakati denderedzwa. Zvisinei, nzvimbo iri chete ndege. Kazhinji, izvozvo runotaurwa netsamba O.

The kure chero pfungwa yacho sekamufarenzi kusvika pakati inonzi nharaunda uye zvinoratidzwa tsamba R.

Kana iwe batanidza chimwe mbiri pfungwa denderedzwa, ipapo kunoguma chidimbu anonzi Chord. The Chord achipfuura nepakati denderedzwa, - a dhayamita dzaimiririrwa tsamba D. The dhayamita rwokuyera sekamufarenzi huviri vakaenzana arcs uye kureba kaviri nharaunda yacho echisarudzo chacho. Saka, D = 2R, kana R = D / 2.

ehupfumi chords or the

1. Kana vaviri pfungwa yacho sekamufarenzi rokubata Chord, uye ipapo perpendicularly kune ekupedzisira - iri nharaunda kana dhayamita, chidimbu ichi achaputsa uye Chord uye chinhu chakakombama akatsaura nazvo zviviri zvakaenzana zvikamu. Kurukura ndezvechokwadiwo: kana nharaunda (dhayamita) ari Chord rinokamukana iri hafu, ipapo zviri perpendicular nawo.
2. Kana mukati chete sekamufarenzi kuomerera dzakafanana chords or the maviri, ipapo chinhu chakakombama akagura navo, uye akanyudzwa pakati pavo vakaenzana.
3. Swederai maviri chords or the PR uye QS, intersecting mukati denderedzwa panguva T. The chigadzirwa mumwe Chord urefu achagara akaenzana chigadzirwa romumwe nevaya urefu, i.e. X PT TR = QT X TS.

Sekamufarenzi: mukuru pfungwa uye anokosha payakavakirwa

Chimwe chedzidziso zvechadenga ichi geometric chimiro chinhu sekamufarenzi. The yemaitiro rinobva nokushandisa tsika dzakadai nharaunda, dhayamita uye kugara "π", izvo zvinoreva nguva dzose pakati nhamba yacho sekamufarenzi kwayo dhayamita.

Saka, L = πD, kana L = 2πR, apo L - ari circumferential urefu, D - dhayamita, R - nharaunda.

Formula circumferential kureba anogona kunzi sezvo anokonzera kana nharaunda kana dhayamita munhu akapiwa sekamufarenzi: D = L / π, R = L / 2π.

Chii denderedzwa: dzinokosha postulates

1. Direct uye sekamufarenzi kunogona dzinongoda mundege sezvinotevera:

• havana pfungwa zvakafanana;
• vane imwe nguva zvakafanana, mutsetse anonzi tangent: kana muchichengeta munhu nharaunda nepakati uye pfungwa kunyorerana, zvichava perpendicular kuti tangent;
• vane mbiri pfungwa zvakafanana, uye mutsetse anonzi vakatongoparadzwa.

2. Mushure nhatu zvemasanga pfungwa enhema mundege imwe, haagoni kuchengeta vanopfuura mumwe sekamufarenzi.

3. Two madenderedzwa angapinda kuonana pane nguva imwe chete, iyo iri pamusoro mutsetse chidimbu unobva nzvimbo madenderedzwa izvi.

4. chero rotations pamusoro nechepakati denderedzwa mukati pacharo.

5. denderedzwa kubva pfungwa nemaonero symmetry?

• chete curvature wedzinza chero nguva;
• chakagadzirwa symmetry hama kuti anongedzere O;
• nohwake symmetry panyaya dhayamita.

6. Kana ukavaka chero maviri akanyorwa pamakona, inobva chete arc denderedzwa, vachava vakaenzana. Angle subtended nemunhu chinhu chakakombama yakaenzana hafu yacho sekamufarenzi, i.e. ari adziviswa Chord-dhayamita, ndiyo nguva dzose 90 °.

7. Achienzanisa namahwindo curved akarongwa chete urefu, zvinoitika kuti sekamufarenzi mugove delimits ndege kwenharaunda mukurusa.

A denderedzwa akanyorwa netriangle uye tsanangura nezvake

Pfungwa kuti yakadaro denderedzwa hazvina kwakakwana pasina Achirondedzera zvaidiwa ukama pakati geometric chimiro nezvimwe zvokuridza.

1. Pakuvaka denderedzwa akanyorwa netriangle, ayo centre nguva dzose uwirirane pfungwa mharadzano pakati pakati bisectors ari pamakona ose netriangle.
2. Muzinda denderedzwa anorondedzerwa pamusoro netriangle, riri kurutivi mharadzano ari evaMedhia perpendiculars nerimwe divi Triangle.
3. Kana iwe tsanangura denderedzwa kumativi kurudyi Triangle, ipapo centre ayo achaitwa iri pakati hypotenuse, kureva ekupedzisira vachava dhayamita.
4. The nzvimbo madenderedzwa yakanyorwa uye circumscribed chaizova chete pfungwa, kana mujinga ari kuvaka imwe equilateral Triangle.

The chikuru mhosva yacho denderedzwa uye quadrangles

1. Around ari convex quadrilateral zvinobvira kutsanangura denderedzwa chete kana mubatanidzwa zvayo chakatarisana mukati pamakona vakaenzana 180 °.
2. Vavake akanyorwa convex quadrilateral denderedzwa zvinogoneka kana chete vakaverenga urefu nevakomana kumativi.
3. Tsanangura denderedzwa pamusoro parallelogram kunogona kuva kana ayo pamakona.
4. Nokudhindwa parallelogram denderedzwa anogona kuve kana kumativi aro ose vakaenzana, kureva chinhu rhombus.
5. Avake denderedzwa kuburikidza trapezoid pamakona zvinogona chete kana zviri isosceles. Zvisinei, pakati circumscribed denderedzwa riri mharadzano pakati akabatana kuti symmetry pamusoro quadrilateral uye muMedhia akapiwa perpendicular wakavhomorwa kurutivi.