Chii chinonzi yakawiriranwa mari uye chii vari mabasa ayo? Mutual Mari vavo utariri

Pakati zviridzwa mari kupfuura kutengeka uye kutsigira chipo pamusoro musika wokuRussia - yakawiriranwa mari. Vanobvumira munhu anoda kugamuchira mugari mari kubva bhizimisi mune zvimwe zvinhu. Ndezvipi chaizvo mari zvikoro 'mashoko? On sei mari ungatarisira kana kushanda yakawiriranwa mari?

Chii chinonzi Mutual Fund?

Ndechipi yakawiriranwa mari kana yakawiriranwa mari? Ichi rinokosha mari mari mu sezvakarayirwa seboka Kupinda kuti makambani. It vakafunga kuti mari kuchinjwa kuti kuvimba utariri ane sangano chairo uye ipapo kuita purofiti, kana basa iri kubudirira vakaroorana.

Bhizimisi iri itirana mari rinoitwa kuburikidza kutenga zvimwe migove - "muzvikamu". Panguva iyoyowo vanoita ndivo varidzi, basa kambani chete anoita zvakakodzera kwema zvemari.

Chii chinopa itirana mari?

Chinangwa chikuru iro vanoita zviri yakawiriranwa mari - zvisingabatsiri. Mari Mutual kubvumira vanoita kuti kunyange vaya vasina kuchikosha ruzivo mune mari, - vhoriyamu yose chokuita basa zvinotora pamusoro utariri kambani. Nyanzvi sangano, kuvimba kwavo unyanzvi uye kugona ndiyo yakanakisisa nzira kuti mari mari kuti kushandisa. Mamaneja kambani iri kushanda kuti chikamu kwema zvemari kunze kushandisa depositors 'guta.

The pamutemo kuti mose mari

Chii pamutemo dzekuno mari? Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti havasi pamutemo masangano. Panguva iyoyowo, avo kuva utariri makambani yakawiriranwa mari. Kunyanya, mutsauko chakadaro pamutemo nokuti kuti nyaya yepamutemo ukama - dzekuno mari uye kutarisirwa makambani - kwete overpay mitero. Kutamira muchivigiro kana zano pasi kufunga nekuita kwavo pasi chete kwemari, izvo yaunganidzwa makambani ari Implementation pakati zviyero, uyewo mitemo yechikoro kubva kwemari weCriminal Code sezvo bhizimisi isangano.

Sei mari

Mutual mari anoshanda maererano mitemo munyika. Vakaisa zvinhu pasi iyo vanoita uchatamisa mari iri kurapa utariri kambani. The sangano hanya anofanira kuva rezinesi, achisimbisa kodzero dzavo kutarisira pfuma, iyo ndowenyika vaviri mari. Gwaro iri nekanzuru Federal Commission nokuda kuchengetedzeka Market. A kambani Kutarisira anogona kusika vakawanda yakawiriranwa mari.

Pangosvika runoenzanirana mamiriro achagamuchira rezinesi kubva mamiriro payo, inofanira kugumisa zvibvumirano akawanda - pamwe depositary, mabharani, yakazvimirira appraiser, uyewo wevanoongorora akaunzi. Mitemo kuti isu akati apa dzinofanira akapinda mune mazita FCSM. Uyewo ari rakakodzera hurumende kunyoresa Dendere iri pasi chinokosha gwaro - Tariro achine dzakabatana. Panongotanga basa kambani kuchagadzirisa chokungoitawo zvose, unogona kutanga zvemari basa.

Chikamu chokutanga basa Criminal Code - kutanga pachena chinopiswa migove. Panguva basa iri CC gwara kuti vatore risingamboshandisi yakawanda guru. Kana izvi zvakanga zvisingaiti, zvadaro yakawiriranwa mari inofanira liquidated uye mari - kune depositors.

Kudzora nokushanda Fund

The mabasa yakawiriranwa mari iri pasi neHurumende. The muviri mukuru, icho anoita, - Federal kuchengetedzeka Commission. Saka, zviri muparamende kukura kuzvidzora zviyero kuti mabasa yakawiriranwa mari dzakatangwa zvimwe mitemo chokuita mari zvivako vanofanira kutevedzera.

Somuenzaniso, zviri pfuma dzaidzidziswa yakawiriranwa mari inofanira ichitongwa rimwe boka, uye zvakachengetwa - mune dzimwe. Panguva zvemitemo vanochiva kuisa mitemo, inosanganisira zvakawanda Kuziviswa inivhesitimendi mashoko. Mishumo itirana mari kusanganisira mukuru mwero date granularity.

Ko mari kodzero?

The chaizvo kuti tose mari hakurevi mari kuti makambani. Company mubasa basa munhu yakawiriranwa mubhizimisi mari vanosungirwa nekungwarira migove panongovira hurongwa kunoda investor, asi mitemo chokuita profitability nekuda nemamiriro haangasimbiswi. Ndiko, pasinei nokuti mari yakawiriranwa vari papi sezvo nhumbi zvemari kuti makambani vasina huru nyanzvi mubhizimisi ruzivo, zvinofungirwa kuti guta varidzi vanoziva zvose anoenderana pamusika ngozi.

Musimboti ari mugove

Ngationei zvinodzidziswa inivhesitimendi mugove. Kana investor Transfers mari iri yakawiriranwa mari, zvinonzi, Chokwadi, anowana padanda musangano. Nokudaro, mubhizimisi mugove mumwe yakawiriranwa mubhizimisi mari - munhu munhu zvichienderana akachengeteka, izvo zvinoratidza kuti muridzi wacho uwandu yesangano iri Mutual Fund varidzi. mugari iri kodzero kutarisira kuti Criminal Code kunyatsobudiswa vakakwanisa inivhesitimendi Fund. Iyewo ane kodzero muripo kana kuvimba utariri kondirakiti zvichabviswa wakagumiswa.

Pai haasi risingamboshandisi kukosha mutengo. mari yake uchimutarira zvinoratidzwa mutengo mari yacho mambure zvinhu. Ndizvo mutengo mumwe chikwata wakatorwa vakawanda pakati yaipedzerwa mari yacho yakawiriranwa mari yakakamurwa nokuwanda migove. Mutengo nhengo migove dzinosiyana maererano inivhesitimendi zvabuda. Pai zvakare haakwanise kunzi zvakarurama mhando kuchengetedzeka, kufanana mumatanda. Panyaya iyi, wakakodzera mhando zviridzwa zvemari hazvigoni Rinobva mugove. Uwandu pamunenge muchizvivaraidza guru yakawiriranwa mari haisi nemutemo.

Mhando mari

Funga ndezvipi yakawiriranwa mari. Pane zvakawanda zvinodiwa kuti kupatsanura kwavo. Maererano nomumwe rakajairika, yakawiriranwa mari inogona kukamurwa 3 Marudzi: akazaruka, akadzivira uye penguva. Chii specificity yavo?

Open-mugumo Fund - chevanorwara zvemari kuti ndicho muboka rakakodzera. Chavainyanya chinhu - vakasununguka vachitenga uye kutengesa mugove. chitsama guru uye nhamba mipiro haungoratidzwi. Hworudzi urwu yakawiriranwa mari kunoratidzwa bhizimisi mune zvinhu zviri zvikuru mvura.

Closed itirana mari inozivikanwa kuti ikatengesa zviumbu akaumba apo pave nheyo. zvivako izvi musatakura kunze ruregerero vezvikwata, pasingaverengwi neizvi apo investor kutaura pamusoro mitemo Criminal Code. The tsamba mari dziri kuumbwa, kazhinji kwenguva chaiyo rokuti, izvo akabvuma pachine pamwe makambani. Closed-magumo mari Fund - chivakwa kuti kazhinji indasitiri specialization. Somuenzaniso, kwayakaita anogona chokuita Real Estate pamusika kana utsanzi. Zvisinei, somuenzaniso, "wokutanga yakawiriranwa mari startups" akazaruka. Kunyange zvayo indasitiri specialization - saizvozvo utsanzi.

Pane penguva mari yakawiriranwa. Chichiitwa basa ravo riri kuti Kuzadziswa zviyero, uyewo avo mutsividzo ari yakamisirwa nguva zvikamu. Panguva iyoyowo mari penguva kushanda kuchitendero mumigove. Saka, zvinogona kuti tose mari yakadaro (zhinji wongororo mipiro zvinoratidza ichi) zvinogona kuva nani pane Somuenzaniso, rakazaruka yakawiriranwa mari.

Pane imwe chokuratidza zvakajairika kuti kupatsanura pakati yakawiriranwa mari - inivhesitimendi bhora. Nokudaro, "wokutanga Mutual Fund startups," sezvataona kumusoro, unoshanda mumunda utsanzi. Asi panewo yakawiriranwa mari, kuitisa basa wakasungwa pamusika, chikwereti, zvigadzirwa chaiwo ari indasitiri.

Somuenzaniso, mari, zvichiita mabasa wakasungwa chidimbu, bhizimisi mari, kunyanya nhengo kuchengetedzeka nekanzuru mamiriro, makambani, kushanda mubhengi deposits uye mari. Pfuma yavo kazhinji haana kuumbwa nemigove. Mutual mari, kuva muchikwata ichi, vaongorori vakawanda vaiona sokuti havana chaizvo zvinobatsira, asi zviri hwakavimbika zvikuru, nokuda hunhu pazvisungo, rinosanganisira rokumanikidzirwa kubhadhara depositors pakati mibayiro yacho issuer.

Uyewo, yakawiriranwa mari, vanoonekwa ne ane ngozi mari nzira - ndivo vanoshanda pamwe mugove. Asi panguva zvibereko vaigona kuva husina kupfuura mune mari kuti mari mari pazvisungo. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti mukati muchikwata ichi yakawiriranwa mari vane chimwezve chikonzero kupatsanura pakati nemasangano. Saka, pane mari kuti dzidzira muna bhizimisi mumatanda makambani makuru - "Chips zvitema", uye pane vaya vanosarudza vanopedzisira kuita ruzivo makambani.

Pane yakavhenganiswa yakawiriranwa mari. Ndivo zvakaoma kurondedzerwa se kushanda neimwe chidimbu. Asi panguva imwe chete, vazhinji vavo nokubatanidza hwakanakisisa, kushandisa migove mari, kureva yakakwirira goho uye panguva imwecheteyo hunhu yakawiriranwa mari inenge yashandiswa muzvisungo, kunyanya dzigadzikane. Bhizimisi iri nemasangano dzakadaro pachii makambani, iro akakodzera pamusika zvemari zvachose itsva.

mashandiro anoita itirana mari

Zvinobatsira kufunga zvinhu zviri chakanangana yakawiriranwa mari. Vanogona Classified mune zveupfumi. Mashandiro wokutanga mhando vari:

• kupa vagari mukana vawane mamwe kuna zvatinosiita zvinopa mari - mubayiro, deposits, kunyange kana vasina ruzivo kushandiswa mune inivhesitimendi;
• kukurudzira dzidzo zvemari vokuparidzira (the investor pakupedzisira anotanga kunzwisisa mitemo musika, kufurira kubudirira upfumi);
• nokuumbwa mabasa nokuda mari, uyewo anoenderana nyanzvi dzavo Profile, magweta, programmers, vanyori, okutengesa mamaneja.

Pakati dzinokosha zvoupfumi mashandiro anoita yakawiriranwa mari:

• nokuwedzera capitalization-siyana mabhizimisi sectors, musika zvemari, izvo pakupedzisira runobatsira pakukura hwenyika;
• aivabatsira entrepreneurial vakaedza - zvose yakananga (anokurudzira mari ne ruzivo kuvhura mabhizimisi avo muchimiro twa Kutarisira makambani) uye zvisina kunanga (inotungamirwa depositors vezvikwata kuwana kuburikidza nani ruzivo uye unyanzvi mumunda inivhesitimendi);
• Urongwa yakawedzerwa mutero zveminda kusvikira zvemari akasiyana siyana - tichiregeredza mari kubva Mari makambani, uyewo mari kubva guta mvumo, yakabva mutemo.

Ngatichiongororai zvakanakira nekuipira bhizimisi iri tose mari.

Zvakanakira nekuipira upfumi mune mari

Ngatitange pamwe zvakanakira kushanda yakawiriranwa mari pamusoro depositors. Huru nani namadhimoni chero Mutual Fund, kuti mari vanomhanya nenyanzvi ruzivo. Kana chokuratidza ichi zvikasaitwa, basa kambani nyore handidi kuwana rezinesi kubva Federal kuchengetedzeka Commission. The sangano anokwirira chaizvo zvinodiwa kuti nyanzvi zvinodiwa weCriminal Code vazvo, ari ramakanzi nenzira certifies navo. Mari Mutual Kazhinji inopa vanoita vane ruzivo, achivimba mano avo uye unyanzvi.

Bhizimisi iri rakakodzera mhando mari inongosvikika chaizvo. Shoma Huwandu mari mu yakawiriranwa mari dzakawanda - .. About 2-3 zviuru rubles, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange zvishoma. Zvinotarisirwa kudzoka pazviri zvinogona akafanana mubereko kubva placement pakati deposits vane mabhanga ari mashoko yakasimbiswa kuti guru chaizvo deposits - kubva zvishoma zviuru zana.

Bhizimisi iri itirana mari nenhanho kuchengeteka mune zvinoumba zvinoverengeka zvinodiwa kwakafanana chete bhengi deposits, iyo vakuru chaizvo kuchengeteka mamiriro inozivikanwa. Kudzora mabasa Fund pedyo yoga risingaoneki, uye zvinoumba basa yakawiriranwa mari kurapa vanofungidzira vaitofanira chaizvo kuongorora. Strict mamiriro cherechedzo iri nechimwe zvemitemo zvinodiwa, zvakadai sezviya zvine chokuita zvinosungirwa Criminal Code kuisa mari ari oga panodonedzerwa.

Pakati zvinokosha zvakanakira yakawiriranwa mari - nyoro mitero. Current akavhiyiwa havasi pasi mitero. The mitero zvakafanira zvinodikanwa chete kana kutengeswa migove pedyo investor. Uyewo Criminal Code dzemaKomisheni ezvinhu kazhinji chaizvo zvinogamuchirika kuti makambani - rakundwa, kazhinji 3-4% of turnover kuti guta.

Mari Mutual vane wo payakaipira. Chokutanga, munhu yakawiriranwa mari haigoni iko purofiti. Panyaya iyi, kubudirira boka kare chete asingadi akafanosarudza yakakwirira ndingangokuvara dzokororo ine inivhesitimendi zvabuda. Kazhinji, akatsigira uye yakakurumbira dzekuno mari, uye zvikuru chakakodzera vakagamuchira chinzvimbo ichi, anosarudza zvikuru Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mubhizimisi zano, zvikaguma kuti makambani asara chinhu. Rinogonawo chokuita itsva kumusika ezvinhu. Uyezve, kunyange kana basa Criminal Code hazvikubatsiriyi, mutengi asi kubhadhara naye mabasa kuburikidza mari Commission.

Pakati chinozikamwa zvazvakashatira yakawiriranwa mari - pamwero hwaiva pasi kuti caffeine mari investor. Kazhinji, vanoita kumirira mari withdrawals kweinenge vhiki. Muchiitiko chino, zvingava mari chokuita vaifanira chaizvo mubhizimisi certificate.

Nyanzvi pamusoro itirana mari

Ndezvipi zvakasiyana vanamazvikokota 'pamusoro mabasa Russian yakawiriranwa mari? Pasinei nezvikanganiso izvi, vaongorori kazhinji zvinosanganisira yakawiriranwa mari yakavimbika, yakajeka uye nyore inivhesitimendi zviridzwa. Nyanzvi dzinoti nokuti mabasa yakawiriranwa mari kunoratidzwa refu mwero kubudirana pachena, kwete chete nokuda nomutemo, asi masangano uye vatengi Data.

Chikurukuru, maererano nenyanzvi, ndiko kuti basa munhu yakawiriranwa mari rinoitwa nenyanzvi. Kune zviridzwa zvemari, kureva kuti goho kuchaenderana zvakananga pamusoro investor zvairevei. Kana mose mari, vanogona kupa guta ruzivo vanhu zvavo.

Nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti makambani vakawanda kuvimba yakawiriranwa mari. Somuenzaniso, panguva pakuguma 2008-2009 dambudziko, kana paiva anokarirwa water drainage kuti makambani kubva mose mari, vagari vazhinji nekukurumidza kukadzoka kubata pamwe mari. The simba pamusoro mari mu yakawiriranwa mari zhinji kupfuura nenhamba wakaiswa pamberi dambudziko.

unogona sei zvikuru mari pamusoro yakawiriranwa mari?

Chii chingava akatarisirwa kukosha purofiti kubva oupfumi mu yakawiriranwa mari? Sezvataona pamusoro apa, mari vakakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda - zvimwe nokuda chishuwo mari iri anogoverana rokutsanya-kukura mabhizimisi, zvingava zvikuru mari, vamwe kuti vanoda mari mu "machipisi yebhuruu", zvinopa zvishoma zvisingabatsiri. Muchiitiko chokutanga, mukana kuti investor chakasara chinhu Chokwadi, yepamusorosoro.

Zvinokosha ave anokwanisa kutaura nhau mari utariri kambani. Mutual Mari anovhura nokuda ruzivo vatambi pamisika, sezvo mutemo, mari yakawanda uye yakatsiga kupfuura ivavo vatsva inobva - pasinei nokuti zvinodiwa zvavo vane yakasimba zvinodiwa nenhanho neHurumende.

In rakavhurika itirana mari, kushandisa, somuenzaniso, pamusoro zvisungo, paavhareji goho - 10-12% pa annum. Mari kuti mari mumatanda, rinogona zvakawanda purofiti - 20%, dzimwe nguva - zvakawanda. Closed itirana mari maererano profitability nenzvimbo imwe pakati nzvimbo pakati zviviri. "Mutual mari startups," maererano nevamwe veruzhinji data, akanyora mubereko anoverengeka makumi ezviuru muzana paavhareji annum. Asi zvinoenderana sei dambudziko twa kunowedzera of yakawiriranwa mari - guta guru itsva makambani. Vamwe mari itirana Sberbank, maererano paruzhinji Data vane goho anodarika 30% pa annum.

mumunda misika yemari, nyanzvi dzinorumbidza tichishanda yakawiriranwa mari dzakawanda, nokudaro diversifying upfumi. Angangokuvadza, izvozvo zvinogonawo kuwedzera purofiti. Zvine musoro, vaongorori vanoti, kuenzanisa vaviri mari kupfuura makomisheni uye dzimwe mari asina chokuita kuwana mari kwemari zvakananga. Unogonawo teererai zvechadenga Criminal Code tichitarisa pakati havaoni. Kana basa kambani akavhura musika vatambi, sezvinowanzoita pamwe yakawiriranwa mari Sberbank, rakavimbika wakakwirira kupfuura yemakambani kuti vachangobva kuoneka runoenzanirana chidimbu. Saka, nokuti investor Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzwisisika yokusvika dzinoongorora tarisiro pamwe ichi kana kuti mari.

tariro itirana mari

Sei vaizotibata anogona kunzi ane mudziyo zvemari sechinhu yakawiriranwa mari? Kazhinji, nyanzvi dzinofungidzira nayo seane zvikuru zvinogona nokuti reRussian upfumi mune zvakawanda ndorwevaya muchikwata dzichiri kusimukira.

maindasitiri mazhinji havasi zvakazara munyika National zvoupfumi of Russian Federation. Uyezve, nokuda inonyatsozivikanwa zviitiko munyika dzakawanda munhandare kuti mabhizimisi akawanda mikana mitsva, kunyanya mune imupota kuzvitsinhanisa. Kunyange maindasitiri kuti rakagara richidudzirwa unodudzirwa se yakazara (semuenzaniso, zvokudya indasitiri, zvimwe zvikamu zviri engineering kugadzirwa nevatengi nhumbi), anogona kuwana mamwe incentives kuti kukura. Saka mari vane apo mari uye, naizvozvovo, utariri makambani kuti vane yakawiriranwa mari, zvakare.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvibereko zvakafanana hurongwa mu Europe vanowanzova kudzika kupfuura Russia. Naizvozvo, tarisiro mari zvinofungidzirwa nyanzvi sezvo zvakanaka uyewo maererano mari Kukwezva kuti musika wokuRussia kuti dzimwe shamwari. Ukuwo, vatorwa chaizvo iteerere kuenderera munyika ezvoupfumi enyika yose. High Goho zviridzwa mari siyana dzakadai yakawiriranwa mari, vanogona zvechokwadi kuziva. Asi zvakaenzana chinokosha kuti dzimwe vanoita ndiyo kutsiga upfumi rose, tarisiro inokosha pamwe ichi kana kuti musika. Naizvozvo, kufarirwa Russian yakawiriranwa mari achavaponesa sei zvakanaka achaita kukudziridza zvoupfumi munyika mune dzimwe zvikamu zvose zvakananga.

achifumira musika

Zvisinei, zvakawanda yakawiriranwa mari musika ari kukura Russia, ine tarisiro zvimwe kunowedzera chinzvimbo. Wokupedzisira dambudziko akaratidza kuti makambani zvavo kuvimba mari. With kuvandudzika hupfumi ezvinhu panguva ino padariro kukura Russian National zvoupfumi zvinoita kuti vagari achawana incentives itsva vanopedzisira yesangano pamwe rubatsiro mamaneja tose mari makambani. Chinonyanya kukosha - yakawiriranwa mari havachasungirwi vachinzwisisa muRussia somunhu zvemari mudziyo zvekumwe. Vagari vari dzisina kuti pamwe nemasangano zvemari izvi vashanduri zvinobatsira.