Chii chinonzi doro rinodhaka

Muzana remakore rechimakumi zvevanhu nderimwe nguva yekukurumidza kukura nekuwana kunzwisisika mune zvakasiyana-siyana masayenzi uye teknolojia. Imwe yakadaro inoshandiswa inodhakwa doro.

Ichi chitsva chakagadzirwa

Nzira inowanzogadzirwa yekubudisa zvinodhaka yakagara ichizivikanwa kubvira kare. Inoda kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvipuka, midziyo chaiyo uye zvimwe zviitiko zvekufambisa kwehutano hwehutano. Chigumisiro chibereko chakagadzirirwa kushandiswa. Asi ane zvipingamupinyi zviviri - kuyerwa uye kuiswa. Mune girasi rakazara chigadziko chemvura chigadzirwa chinoumba matambudziko mamwe maererano nekutakura. Ndizvo zviitiko izvo zvave zviri nyaya yekutsvakurudza nemasayendisiti avo vakazviisa ivo vavariro yekuumba doro rakawanda. Zvinobatsira zvechigadzirwa chakadaro zviri pachena. Kufamba mumugwagwa kana pazororo, zviri nyore kuuya nechikwama chepfupa kupfuura bhegi rine mabhodhoro. Panguva yakakodzera, kushandiswa kwakajeka bedzi kuchasara, uye kunwa kunoda kuchagadzirira mukati maminitsi mashomanana.

Pfungwa iyi inofarira vazhinji, uye masayendisiti akagadzirira kushanda. Somugumisiro, doro rinodhaka rakanga richiri kuumbwa. Vagadziri vemhando itsva yewaini vanoedza kuve nehanya zvikuru nevashambadzi venguva yemberi. Vanoteerera kutarisa kuti chinhu chakadaro chakadhura zvakanyanya kudarika chinoshandiswa chemvura. Uye rubatsiro rwakadaro harukwanisi asi ruzivo rwevashandi vanogona.

Mukufungidzira kwekutengesa

Vagadziri vekuvandudza ruzivo vanomirira podharedo doro sechinhu chinodiwa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Semuenzaniso, doro remvura inogona kushandiswa nevashanyi senzira yekurapa maronda. Uye munguva yenguva yechando, vatyairi vemotokari kubva muupfu hwekugadzirwa kwakakosha vanogona kugadzirira ivo pachavo, kana, sezvavanotaura kuvanhu, "ice-free". Zvinhu zvose zviri nyore, zvinokurumidza, usanetseka nekuputika kwakaoma. Miti yekutanga yekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chitsva iri muU.S., muArizona. Hurumende yakatofunga kuburikidza nemibvunzo yose maererano nekutengesa uye kuteresa. Chibereko chacho chingakurumidza kuonekwa pachitengesa. Kutanga, vakugadziri vanotarisira kubudisa michina mitanhatu:

• Vodka,
• Rum,
• Cocktail «Cosmopolitan»,
• Cocktail «Lemon Drop»,
• Imba inonzi "Pauderita", iyo inonakidza zvikuru yakafanana neyakakurumbira "Margarita".

Zvinofadza kuti mishonga yakadaro yedoro haifaniri kuvharwa nemutemo pamusoro pemiganhu yezera. Saka, vechidiki vanogona kutenga zvigadzirwa zvakadaro mumutengesi wekutengesa. Zvichida izvi hazvisi chokwadi zvachose, asi kuvimbika kwezviito zvakadaro hazvipikiswi nemunhu.

A familiar principle

Munyika yedu vanhu vagara vajaira kune michina yakadaro seyo nguva pfupi, kofi kana kunwa zvinwiwa. Asi vashomanana zvikuru vanhu vanoziva nezvehuputi hwehuni. Chinyiko uye kuti ungachibata sei? Unyanzvi hwekombiyuta munyaya ino huri nyore kwazvo. Zvakafanana mukupikisa: "Ingowedzera mvura!" Zvechokwadi, hapana chakaoma. Pane zvingasarudzwa zviviri:

1. Dururirai pfupa mumudziyo wakachena, uye wobva wadururira nemvura.

2. Isa mvura mumudziyo wakagadzirirwa, wozodururira chikamu chepfuri mukati maro.

Mukutaura, hapana misiyano. Uye mune izvozvo, uye mune imwe nyaya iyo inwa imwechete inotanga kubuda. Zvakanaka chaizvo. Usatenga hafu-lita imwe bothodhoro yevodka kunwa kirasi imwe chete. Nei uchibhadhara zvimwe? Chii chingaita nezvose zvevodka?

Uye mamiriro acho ezvinhu achachinja sei kana ukashandisa doro rinodhaka? Ichave chii: mari yekuwana mari kana mukana wekuderedza doro rinodyiwa? Zvichida zvose. Kana, semuenzaniso, mudzimai weimba akasarudza kubika keke. Kuti akanganise zvingwa, anoda 100 gramu yeRum kana cognac. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, anomanikidzwa kutenga bhodhoro rose, uye izvi, chokwadi, zvinodhura. Uchishandisa yakaoma, concentrator inogona kubika dessert inonaka uye panguva imwechete kuchengetedza mari. Chii chisingabatsiri?

Nzira yekuita nayo pfuma yakakosha

Vakawanda, vachiyeuka zvidzidzo zvechikoro chemakemikari, vanove nechokwadi chokuti doro rinenge riri pfupfu haigoni kuitwa, nokuti doro re ethyl rinotonhora pakupisa kwakakwana (-114.3 degrees Celsius). Ko pfuti yakadaro inogona kuchengetwa sei mumamiriro edzimba edzimba? Pano, supramolecular chemistry inouya pakununura. Ndiye iye uyo achabatsira kunzwisisa chii chaicho chiri doro rehuni. Kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa chitsva kunogona kumira mumamiriro ezvinhu maviri: ethyl alcohol uye cyclodextrins. Kudzoka muna 1974, masayendisiti eAmerica akabudisa patent yezvakagadzirwa, iyo iyo iyo molecule ye doro inogona kuiswa sekuti iri muchitokisi chinosanganisira rimwe boka re-carbohydrates, iro rinongorasikirwa nyore nyore kubva mumatare.

Gare gare, kana inosangana nemvura, ethylene molecule "inosunungurwa kubva mumakumbo" uye inoshandura mhinduro yacho inogadziriswa nedoro rinosanganiswa mune imwe pfungwa. Ichi ndicho chakavanzika chose. Kune kutya kune vamwe vanhu vanogona kusarudza kuedza kungovhura iyo poda, nokudaro kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa kwayo. Asi pano zvinhu zvose hazvibvi pane muiti, asi chete kune mutengi. Munhu wose anozvidzivirira pane zvaanofunga uye utano.

Kusiyana kwemafungiro

Kuvandudza doro kwakagamuchira zita risina kujairika Palcohol. Kubva panguva yaakagadzirirwa kusvika panguva ino, mhirizhonga isinganzwisisiki yave ichiitika munharaunda. Vamwe vanotaura kuti doro rinodhaka haisi iro rakanaka chete rinotsiva zvinodhaka, asiwo chinhu chinonyanya kukosha munharaunda idzi uye nzvimbo dzebasa umo kuyerwa nehuwandu hazvina kukosha zvakanyanya (kushanyirwa, sangano rekuenderera mberi). Zvisinei, vadzivisi vavo vanoti izvo zvose hazvisi chinhu zvakaenzaniswa nechakaipa icho chigadzirwa chitsva chinounza kuvanhu. Mushure mezvose, pfupa inotapira, kutora imwe yemabiko, inogona kutenga mwana, uye inoshandisa iyo, somuenzaniso, pasina kunyorera nemvura. Muchiitiko ichi, chigumisiro chinogona kunyanya kuchema. Mukuwedzera, bhegi duku rinogona kutorwa nyore nyore kunzvimbo ipi zvayo, izvo zvinoreva kuti kushandiswa kwewaini hakugoni kuregererwa. Vanhu vachatanga kunwa pose pose. Uye chii chakanaka chingatungamirira boka rekunwa? Nyika dzakawanda dzinotsigira maonero aya. Somuenzaniso, Canada haina kubvumirana kutengesa chigadzirwa ichi munyika yaro. Zvose zvinotorawo kutarisira-uye-kuona mafungiro. Zvichida chigadzirwa chitsva hachifanirwi kuonekwa pane mashefu ezvitoro? Nguva ichaisa zvinhu zvose munzvimbo yayo.