Chakarebesa tunnels munyika. The chakarebesa Undersea tanera munyika

The tunnels vagara zvakurukurwa kuchikosha hurongwa zvinodiwa ndima yakachengeteka kana kupfuura nemunyika pachivande. Asi kana kwokutanga akafanana mapurani ounyanzvi kubatsira vanhu Vasingazvioni pinda munzvimbo muvengi, asi nhasi kuvaka dzavo nohumwe chinangwa. Zvisinei, avo akasiyana yakarongeka, nzvimbo uye papi. About ndezvipi wakarebesa tunnels munyika, takasarudza nezvamai nhasi.

VokuJapan vaiva wakarebesa mugero

The chakarebesa ndiyo nhasi vaiona kuchiteshi mugero iri kuJapan. Inonzi Seykanom, iro rinoshandurwa kubva Japanese rinoreva "Chiitiko". Mugero wacho ane anoyevedza chaizvo kukura uye kunyange ane mugove zvakavanzika pasi mvura. Saka, zviri akaenzana zvachose urefu 53,85? Km uye pemvura ichi unoenderana kureba 23.3? Km. Ndokusaka, kuwedzera zita rimwe remasangano nyika zvivakwa, Seikan ane zvakasiyana chinzvimbo - wakarebesa pemvura mugero munyika.

Kugadzira pacharo, kuvakwa iyo makore anenge 40 okuberekwa, yakavakwa 1988. Rine zviteshi zviviri. Zvisinei, pasinei zvose simba kuvakwa, pari Seikan harishandiswi se kazhinji kare. Maererano vanoongorora, ichi imhaka nokuwedzera mutengo kufamba munjanji.

Seikan - munyika wakarebesa njanji tanera, kudzama chiri 240 M Ichi chiratidzo chinoshamisa kusika murume anozivikanwa. Tsugaru Strait. Sezvo aronga nokuda vagadziri, mugero wacho chinobatanidza chitsuwa Honshu uye Hokkaido.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti zviri riwedzere mhando kwakazokonzera pakasikwa Rafa ichi, akava dutu, somugumisiro iyo yakadonha 5 mutakurwi ferries. Somugumisiro tsaona mungarava chete iyo vakauraya vanopfuura 1150 vashanyi, kusanganisira vashandi nhengo.

The chakarebesa uye pasi kubatana munyika

Chakarebesa tunnels munyika inogona kukamurwa marudzi anotevera:

• panhongonya;
• pachivande;
• motokari kana mugwagwa;
• njanji;
• pasi pemvura.

Mumwe wakarebesa nyika mugero vaiona Lamberg, kamwe yakavakwa muSwitzerland. Its kureba 34? Km. Sezvo inogona kufamba nyore chitima, dzimwe nguva Inowedzera kuti 200 km / h nokukurumidza. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mamiriro ichi chinobatsira vafambi Swiss vakaroorana maawa kusvika muna zvikuru nevanhu uyai nzvimbo munyika - Valle. Maererano vafambi vaikudzwa, heyi dzakawanda zvitubu zvemvura inopisa.

Zvinofadza kuti, kuwedzera zvikuru basa, Lamberg, uyewo mamwe wakarebesa tunnels munyika, uye anoita nevamwe vanoverengeka. Kunyanya, pedyo chivakwa pacharo zviri inodziya mvura pevhu, dzinobatsira kudziyisa ari Tropenhaus Frutigen - pedyo inokudza uye dzinopisa zvirimwa dzichikura munharaunda yayo.

Rimwe remasangano Automotive subways

The chakarebesa mugwagwa tanera munyika - Lerdalsky. maumbirwo uyu kureba 24.5? km rudzi unobva zambuko pakati makanzuru Eyrlann uye Laerdal, riri kumadokero chikamu Norway. Uye Lerdalsky tanera anoonekwa kuti kuenderera inozivikanwa nzira E16, iro riri pakati Bergen uye Oslo.

Pakutanga kuvakwa yakakurumbira mugero yakatangwa pakati 1995, uye kwakaguma pedyo 2000 mü. Kubva nguva ichi chivako chacho vakaziva somumwe wakarebesa mugwagwa subways, achisiya akakurumbira Gotthard mugero kuti sezvinongoitawo 8 km.

Sezvineiwo, nemamiriro ichipfuura makomo ane mumhu pamusoro 1600 metres. Nemhaka yakarurama kukarukureta pamusoro ezvivako, nyanzvi akabudirira kuderedza mutoro kwavatariri kufamba nomumugero. Uye ichi kunokwanisika kuburikidza okuwedzera mapako matatu equidistant nepedyo. The Data kubata mumapako kugoverana nzvimbo pasi sechivako kupinda refu muzvikamu zvina. Ndizvo kudaro kujairika uye ndiyo wakarebesa mugero munyika.

Wechitatu-chakarebesa njanji tanera

Wechitatu-chakarebesa pakati dzimwe subways kuyambuka kuchiteshi mutsetse, vaiona Eurotunnel. mamiriro ichi inopfuura pasi Chirungu Channel, uye anobatanidza pamwe chikamu UK kuEurope. With payo, munhu anogona kuuya kubva Paris kuLondon mumaawa mashomanana. Inside pachivande nenyere chitima ndiyo 20-35 maminitsi paavhareji.

Grand Panovhurwa Channel Tunnel yakaitwa May 1994. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pakuvaka pevhu mukoridho akasiya mazimari, dzakawanda yave kuzivikanwa chishamiso rounyanzvi ake. Saka, imba yakanga semhosva mumwe ano zvinoshamisa munyika. Maererano rokutanga vanofungidzira ichi ndicho wakarebesa mugero munyika vachaenda yokugutsikana chete pashure pemakore 1000.

Chakarebesa tanera Alps

Chimwe incredible pevhu mukoridho, kwete Nokuzvidira nzvimbo yaro inopfuura hafu remakore, ndiye Simplon Tunnel. It anonzi anobudirira zvikuru kubatana pakati netaundi Domodossola (Italy) uye Brig (Switzerland). Kunze, imba ine zvakanaka nzvimbo, rinozivikanwa mugwagwa chinoyambuka nokuAsia Express uye anobata mumwe mitsetse nenzira kweParis kuna Istanbul.

Kusimba, Simplon Tunnel ine nhoroondo yacho. masvingo izvi rangarirai zvinhu zvizhinji, Somuenzaniso, kuti mazano uye goho payo yakanga mined muHondo Yenyika II. Zvisinei, kuti kunze komutemo kuputika akarambwa, anoonga kubatsirwa omunzvimbo guerrillas. Pari kfc ine mbiri nezvikumbaridzo urefu 19803 uye 19823 m. Zvino imi munoziva apo wakarebesa mugero munyika.

Konekwa "chikara" iri Alps

Alps pane konekwa Gotthard tanera, unonzi chikara kubva mapurani zvivako ano vechokwadi. Active titanium ane kureba anenge 57 km iri pedyo kuSwitzerland noushamwari. Maererano chirongwa Developers pachavo, chinangwa chikuru mugero wacho ari yakachengeteka kuyambuka kwenhumbi vakatakurwa mhiri Alps. Uyezve, unogona kushandiswa kuderedza-awa matatu rwendo kubva Zurich kuenda kuMilan kuti maawa maviri nemaminitsi mashanu.

Uye kunyange zvazvo Gotthard mugero panguva haisati wakakwana, atova kutyora zvinyorwa pamusoro nokuwanda yembudzi. Sezvinotaurwa yokumwe bhuku, kuvakwa ane pevhu mukoridho arasikirwe unahwo pa 10.3 mabhiriyoni. Dollars. Panovhurwa mumwe wakarebesa njanji tunnels vari kwakarongwa 2017.

Chakarebesa tunnels munyika: pemvura kubatana pakati Japan uye South Korea

Hurumende South Korea, pamwe Japanese, kwakasimbiswa chirongwa kuvaka mugero, 182? Km refu. Chisarudzo ichi wakabatwa kuti kuwedzera turnover uye kuwedzera kuti chokufambisa kubatana pakati penyika mbiri. Chirongwa ichi, maererano nenyanzvi, achava mukuru. Kunyange zvazvo kuvakwa kwayo ari ichangotanga, Developers, mainjiniya uye ezvivako aitofanira kusangana yakawanda nematambudziko. Zvikurukuru, hazvisi pachena sei zvichakanganisa kushanda kupora hurongwa, kana iwe pakarepo kuitika chero tsaona.

The chakarebesa uye kupfuura zvinodhura tanera munyika

The chakarebesa mugwagwa tanera, apo unogona kuona sere chete nomugwagwa Lanes, vaiona mukuru Boston. Zvisinei, mamiriro ayo zvinoshamisa uye magadzirirwo ave kunge Vachaoma pamberi mari dzaifanira kubhadharwa kuti vatengi kuvakwa.

Maererano rokutanga data, yose bhajeti yakawandisa pakuvaka mugero, inopfuura $ 14.6 bhiriyoni. Asi mari iyi haisi kukwanisa kusangana Contractors, saka dzimwe mari zuva racho inenge $ 3 miriyoni. Paivakwa Big Cherai nayo basa kupfuura 150 Cranes ano. Uye muitiro wakapindwa zvinopfuura 5,000 vashandi.

Chakarebesa kumugero yose Spain

Spain zvakare Anozvirumbidza Guadaramoy - chakarebesa nepanyika tanera kubatanidza Valladolid pamwe Madrid. Its kureba 28,37 chete? Km kure. The Kuzarurwa mamiriro ichi kwakaitika muna 2007 pedyo. isu Gare gare musi Guadarame akanzwikwa sezvo huru-pamwero mapurani mabasa muSpain.

A guru pevhu kumugero Japan

Japan ndiyo inozivikanwa kwayo pachivande uye pamusoro-zvakohwewa zvivakwa, ramakagadzwa kunounza njanji mugero Hakkōda Mountains. zvachose nguva Its anenge 26.5? km. Sezvo Panovhurwa pakuvaka uye kusvikira chipo nguva yakapfuura kwemakore akawanda. Ndizvo chete nayo uye ikozvino chichiri chimwe chezvinhu rakasiyana wakapamhama mberi nokudzoka shure pamwe zvinogona kupfuura nezvitima maviri chete.