Hokkaido Island, Japan: tsananguro, mashoko, zvinonakidza zvinhu uye wongororo

Japan - nyika inova chimwe chezvinhu kufarira pakati vafambi zhinji. Beautiful hunhu Japan, ayo akasiyana akapfuma munhoroondo uye rakasiyana tsika zvinokwezva vanhu vakawanda kubva pamusoro Earth.

nzvimbo zvinhu zvinorondedzerwa pazasi pasi inoona nezvenjodzi kona ndechokuti zvose zvikuru easterly uye chitsuwa nechokumusoro kweJapan yezvitsuwa.

Japan Hokkaido

Ndicho wechipiri chitsuwa chikuru Japan. Nechokumusoro kwayo kwakanyanyisa pfungwa, uyewo yose Japan - Cape Soya, uye easternmost - Cape nosappu-Salem.

The chitsuwa yepedyo yakavakidzana - Honshu, akaparadzaniswa nevanhu ari Tsugaru Strait. Mvura yeGungwa Okhotsk kugeza ayo nechokumusoro pamahombekombe, yeGungwa Japan - Western, uye Pacific Ocean - kumabvazuva.

Honshu - chitsuwa Hokkaido kurei. Kare, aizivikanwawo Hondo uye Nippon. It unogadza 60% of nzvimbo munyika. Asi Hokkaido, mumwe 4 muzvitsuwa Japan, zvakanakisisa akachengetedzwa primeval hunhu pakukura. About 10% nharaunda yayo inogarwa mumapaki National (20 nhamba). Saka, zviri pakati Hokkaido ecotourism.

Muganhu chitsuwa Hokkaido ane zvachose nharaunda pamusoro 83.453 km2.
It anogara vanhu 5,507,456 (maererano nenhamba kuti 2010).

A nhoroondo yezviri pachitsuwa Hokkaido

Kufambira munzvimbo Hokkaido akatanga vanenge 20 zviuru. Makore akapfuura. Mumazuva iwayo Ainu akararama pano - chimwe chezvinhu ekare avanhu neezviwi Japanese. Nhoroondo kukura chitsuwa Japanese achiri anoramba guru-siyana Puzzles. Panotanga chaizvo kuzivikanwa nevaongorori-masayendisiti pamazuva edu, zvakaitwa pamapeji ose "Hong Shoki" - Japanese zvakanyorwa Monument, kudanana kubva remakore rechisere BC

Pane zvakajairika dzidziso kuti Vatarishima chitsuwa (nezvake uye anotaurwa rondedzero iyi) ndiye Hokkaido, raakange atumidzwa chete muna 1869.

The Islands (Ainu) vaiita panguva hove uye kuvhima, uye huripo panguva kutengeserana ukama pazvitsuwa pedyo, akavapa mukana wokupa pachavo pamwe mupunga nedare.

The upenyu hwakadzikama rugare ivo dzakaguma XIV-XV emakore, apo Japan zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kugara munyika pedyo kweItari Oshima (kubva Hokkaido kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero). Zvakange atora Ainu, izvo zvakaita kuti mauto chiito kuti yakaguma muna 1475, apo mutungamiri wavo akaurayiwa noutsinye.

Munguva ichatonga zvine mbiri rekutonga Prince Matsumae, nharaunda iyo dziri kunyanya vanenge. Oshima, Hokkaido chitsuwa Zvishoma nezvishoma chikamu zvavo. Zvakare, sezvo chitsuwa akaputsa refu-amire hondo pakati vemo zvemo uye Japanese. Ainu vakapandukira kusvikira 2nd yezana remakore rechi18, asi hapana migumisiro yezviito izvi hazvina kuuyiswa. Japanese nechivimbo wakaitwa chitsuwa inokosha mumaoko avo, kunyanya kana paine achiri mukana Russian kurwiswa kubva kumavirira.

Muna 1868-1869 gg. Hokkaido Ezo paiva yakazvimirira zvokuvhoterwa, iyo akaziviswa pashure kutamira kuchitsuwa zviuru hondo, akasarudzwa mushure sarudzo wokutanga Japanese musoro zvokuvhoterwa - E. Admiral Takeaki.

Mambo haana kutambura nehanya kwakadaro munyika dzavo, uye muna March 1869 muRepublic of Ezo yakaguma, uye mutungamiri raro nemhosva.

Dzakaoma nokuti chitsuwa yakanga 1945, apo ndima yayo yaiva vanotyisa kubhomba. Somugumisiro, zvakaipa zvakakuvadza nemisha yakawanda.

Relief mined zvicherwa

Hokkaido chitsuwa chiri kunyanya munzvimbo dzine makomo. Vanopfuura hafu yendima inogarwa nemakomo, vamwe rinosanganisira mumapani. Nomumichinjiziri yemakomo (Hidaka, Tokachi and said.), Elongated nenzira submeridional. The yakakwirira Hokkaido - Mount Asahi (kukwira 2290 mamita). Chitsuwa 8 vari anoputika, sezvamakaropafadzwa kushanda. Kazhinji, pano, sezvo muJapan, kudengenyeka kuitika.

Mined pachitsuwa zvakaoma marasha, simbi mhangura uye nesarufa.

Cities uye madzinza anoumba vokuparidzira

Hokkaido (Prefecture) administratively akakamurwa 14 Sub-prefectures.
Chacho guru - Sapporo, rine vanhu vanhu 1,915,542 (zvichienderana 2010 Nhamba kwegore).

Sapporo - guta guru kupfuura ose Hokkaido. Kubva Kuril zviwi akaparadzaniswa nokuda Kwazvo pamusoro kubirira ake uye Kunashir.

Maguta Major pachitsuwa chacho - Muroran, Tomakomai, Otaru. The dzinza sezvamunoita iri nyore: Japanese - 98,5% of zvachose vakawanda, vokuKorea - 0.5%, Chinese - 0,4% uye mamwe mapoka emadzinza (kusanganisira Ainus) - 0,6 chete%.

Rivers uye madhamu

Kudeuka rwizi chitsuwa - Ishikari (urefu 265 km) uye Tokachi (pakureba 156 km).
chikuru rwegungwa - Sikotsu, Toya uye Kuttyaro (mwena) uye Sar (the lagoon mavambo). Pane chinokosha uwandu Hokkaido uye duku kuputika madhamu kuti vanopiwa ne chicherwa zvitubu zvemvura inopisa.

Climate

Hokkaido ane ezvinhu zvishoma yakasiyana pane mamwe mativi Japan. Pano, avhareji tembiricha pagore ndiyo +8 Distância à chete ° C. Nokuda napedyo kuna Pacific Ocean munzvimbo idzi nokuda gore ndiyo avhareji 17 chete mazuva azere mushana. Asi nguva yezhizha pane anenge 149 kuchinaya, uye chando - chando mazuva anenge 123.

Asi, maererano Japanese nemitemo zhizha okunze pachitsuwa Hokkaido, drier kuvat, uye chando - zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo munyika.

Hongu, uye pfungwa "kuchamhembe" muna Hokkaido rakanyatsojeka hama. Somuenzaniso, guta Wakkanai, iri yokunyanyisa kuchamhembe chitsuwa, riri kumaodzanyemba kweguta muParis. Kazhinji, chitsuwa ichi muJapan anonzi "utsinye North."

Flora uye fauna of

Vazhinji zvinomera Hokkaido vari coniferous masango (misipuresi spruce), yaiteverwa pamwe yemishenjere (kutora 60% chacho). Pine, Birch masango uye shrub heaths zvakakurumbira mumakomo.

Pakati mhuka pane makava, mabheya, Sable, ermine uye weasels. Zvose Japanese muzvitsuwa (Hokkaido pakati pavo) nevakabva zvinoshamisa siyana nyika shiri vavo yegungwa zvakawandira vazhinji mhando hove.

zvisakamboonekwa

Chii kunakidza, asi zvinoshamisa rakasiyana hunhu, zvinogona kuonekwa pachitsuwa Hokkaido? Mufambi wongororo pachitsuwa ichi, nokuda kwaizvozvo, uye pamusoro rose Japan, kupfuura zvakanaka.

In Sapporo, pane dzakawanda dzinozivikanwa nzvimbo: wachi neshongwe chete zita - mumwe mashoma asara zvivako mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 mune American dzayaitonga Style; Botanical Garden aine mugove vakachengetedzwa zvepanyama masango kuti kamwe akakura ari panzvimbo yeguta; Odori Boulevard; TV Tower (kukwirira 147 metres); Mountain Capelin 8 makiromita kubva guru; doro miziyamu (kamwe fekitari nokuda kwayo production); Nakajima Park.

Muguta Hakodate ipapo pyatibastionnaya Fortress (1864); Wemamonk Koryudzi; Chechi Kumuka Ishe Church Catholic Momomati; Monastery Higashi Honganji.

Pachitsuwa ipapo Hokkkaydo National Parks: shikotsu-tōya national park, Kushiro-Sitsugen, naAkani, Shiretoko, Rebun uye Rishiri Island-Tayseiudzan. Parks quasi - Hidaka, Abashiri, Onuma, prefectural dzinongoitika paki Akkeshi.

In mhedziso, vashoma zvinonakidza zvinhu

• Kare zvaifungwa kuti Hokkaido ari - Russian chitsuwa. Japan haana kuratidza kufarira kana kuti Kuril Islands, Sakhalin kana, kuguma muzana remakore rechi18 risati. Island yapfuura muJapan pamutemo vaiona wavatorwa ndima. Muna 1786 pakasvika vokuJapan waiunganapo veko, mazita Worn Russian uye surnames. Ava vaiva madzitateguru chaiye Ainu, uyo akatora kamwe yokuRussia citizenship uye Orthodoxy mukuvamba rechi18. Ainu vanhu vaishandisa kugara mundima kuRussia (Sakhalin, iri kumaodzanyemba Kamchatka uye Kuril Islands). rudzi urwu ane nevamwe chinhu - munhu European chitarisiko. Nhasi muJapan kune vanenge 30 000 vana vavo, asi ivo vaigona kufananidzwa ne vokuJapan munguva iyi yakareba.

• The Sapporo Snow Festival ndakaiswa pagore, iyo yakaitwa muna 1950. mhando iyi kwemasimba chando nemifananidzo.

• In Hokkaido dzakawanda zvitubu zvemvura inopisa zviwande. The kupfuura dzinonakidza izvi Dzigokudani (Dolina Ada). On nzvimbo iyi pane vakawanda geysers, nguva nenguva Riri Kuwedzera Zvinoshamisa pamusoro pasi.

• In kwayo nzvimbo Hokkaido ndiye anenge akaenzana yeAustria kundima.

• Sezvo 1859 muna Sapporo unoshanda kereke Orthodox, akavaka ehondo Russian Church Mission - Church Yorumuko yaJehovha. Kubvira 1983, izvozvo zviri pamutemo ndezvaiye tsika nhaka Japan.