Majini organoids ndiwo zvivako zvekusingaperi zvinovimbisa kushanda kwemabasa akasiyana-siyana mukushanda kwebasa ravo rinokosha - kukura uye kubudirira, kupatsanurwa uye kubereka, nezvimwewo. Eukaryotic (nyukliya) masero emiti uye mhuka dzine shanduro yakafanana uye inenge yakafanana yakagadzirwa ye organelles, uye prokaryotic (kwete nyukiliya) masero ane chimiro chepakutanga uye haasisina manyoro organoids.
Cellular organoids, zvichienderana nokuvapo kwezvikamu zvemuviri, zvakakamurwa kuva kwete-membrane uye membrane. Non-membrane organelles dzinosanganisira: ribosomes uye centrioles uye organoids yekufamba (microtubules uye microfilaments). Ribosomes dzakapoteredzwa kana kuti dzakasununguka miviri, inoumbwa nemaviri maviri - makuru uye maduku. Kubatana nemumwe nemumwe, ribosomes inogadzira polysomes. Iyi organelle iripo mune zvose prokaryotic masero uye eukaryotes. Ribosomes inotora basa rinokosha zvikuru, sezvo inounganidza mapuroteni kubva kumaamino acids. Centrioles ndezvindori zvitsvene, zvinosanganisira katatu uye microtubules. Centrioles inoumba nzvimbo inoshandiswa mumasero, iyo inotora chikamu mumasero ekuparadzanisa. Izvo zvinogadzirwa zvinokonzera matanda kana mashizha zvinogona kuitika zvakasununguka mu cytoplasm kana kuva chikamu che flagella, cilia, kana fission spindle.
Masero membrane organelle akaparadzana kuva asina imwe uye maviri-membrane. Kuti isarove-membrane Itai kuti: EPS (endoplasmic membrane), Goggi zvishandiso, lysosomes, vacuole (inowanikwa mumiti uye mhuka dzisina kufanana).
Endoplasmic reticulum is branched network of channel and cavities that permeate the cell. Yakapatsanurwa kuva yakashata uye yakaoma. Smooth EPS ine enzyme iyo inobatanidzwa mumakinhydrate uye mafuta emasabolism. Rough EPS inobatanidzwa mukushandiswa kweprotini, inowanikwa mu ribosomes yakabatanidzwa nayo.
Chigadzirwa (yakaoma) Golgi iburani rakakanyiridzirwa remisungo yakabatana neEPS. Anoshingaira kubatanidzwa mune metabolism uye pakuumbwa kwe-lysosomes.
Lysosomes zviduku zvakakomberedzwa zvizere zvakakonzerwa ne enzyme inokwanisa kuparadzanisa "organelles" yakaputsika uye masero ose kana zvichidiwa. Inoita kuchengetedza basa.
Iviri-membrane organelles yesero ndeye mitochondria uye plastids inherent chete mumiti. Zvavanoita ndehupo hwemakumbo maviri, kunze uye mukati. Izvo kunze (kunze) membrane inoita basa rekuchinjana nekukurukurirana kweizvi organelles nezvimwe zvikamu zvemu cell, uye mukati memumakumbo inogadzira mapepa, nzvimbo iri pakati pavo inozadzwa nematrikisi-mvura yezvinhu. Mipanga yemukati ye mitochondria inonzi cristae, uye plastid-chloroplast inonzi granules. Aya masero engera ane RNA uye DNA. Mitochondria synthesize ATP, iyo inozoshanda semusimba wemagetsi. Basa re plastids rinotarisana nemararamiro avo - asina ruvara (kana kuti leukoplasts) magareti ehydrates, kunyanya isitashi; Mucheka, machungwa, tsvuku (kana chromoplast) - kupa maruva kune maruva nemichero; Green chloroplasts - kupa huwandu hweAtP uye makhahydrates.
Iyo miviri mikuru yesero, yakabatanidzwa kune imwe neimwe ne cytoplasm uye membrane, inoumba imwe chete inoshandiswa.